Bioconversion of Ginsenosides in American Ginseng Extraction Residue by Fermentation with Ganoderma lucidum Improves Insulin-like Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Bo-Yang Hsu ◽  
Chia-Hui Chen ◽  
Ting-Jang Lu ◽  
Min-Hsiung Pan ◽  
Chi-Tang Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Compound K ◽  
Phenolic Contents

Ginseng is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines that have been widely used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years. Ginsenosides are the unique bioactive saponins occurring in ginseng, and their biological activities have been extensively investigated. A large amount of ginseng residue is produced as waste product due to its applications in manufacturing functional food products, even though it may still contain bioactive components. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic activities of American ginseng extraction residue (AmR) via fermentation with Ganoderma lucidum. Our results showed that the total phenolic contents and β-glucosidase activity of AmR profoundly increased after fermentation with G. lucidum. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, stimulation of glucose uptake by treatment with AmR was not significant, while fermented AmR (FAmR) exhibited insulin-like glucose-uptake-stimulatory effects. Importantly, the hypoglycemic effects of FAmR were positively associated with the amount of the deglycosylated minor ginsenosides Rg1, Rg3, and compound K. Taken together, our current findings suggest that bioconversion of AmR by fermentation with G. lucidum may be a feasible and eco-friendly approach to developing a functional ingredient for the management of diabetes, while also resolving the problem of ginseng waste.

scholarly journals Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and biological activities of Cachrys cristata DC. extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1117-1123
Author(s):  
Jelena Matejic ◽  
Ana Dzamic ◽  
Tatjana Mihajilov-Krstev ◽  
Vladimir Randjelovic ◽  
Ksenija Mileski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Dilution Assay ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

The total phenolic/flavonoid contents and antioxidant potential of the methanol, ethyl-acetate, acetone and water extracts obtained from the aerial parts and fruits of Cachrys cristata DC.(Apiaceae) were compared. The total phenolic contents of the tested extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu?s reagent. The amounts per g of dry plant extract of gallic acid (GA) and quercetin (Qu) ranged between 22.60-166.97 mg, and 8.91-46.02 mg, respectively. The antioxidant activity, expressed as IC50, ranged from 1.784-17.621 mg/mL and from 1.01-3.42 mg L(+)-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)/g when tested with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was investigated by the microwell dilution assay, for the most common human gastrointestinal pathogenic bacterial strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC15313, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The results indicate that C. cristata can be regarded as a potential source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals A Review: The Bioactivities and Pharmacological Applications of Phellinus linteus

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhua Chen ◽  
Huiying Tan ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Xiaohua Zheng ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Phellinus Linteus ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Made In

Phellinus linteus is a popular medicinal mushroom that is widely used in China, Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries. P. linteus comprises various bioactive components, such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and furans, and has proven to be an effective therapeutic agent in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment and the prevention of various diseases. A number of studies have reported that P. linteus possesses many biological activities useful for pharmacological applications, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and antifungal activities, as well as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. This review article briefly presents the recent progress made in understanding the bioactive components, biological activities, pharmacological applications, safety, and prospects of P. linteus, and provides helpful references and promising directions for further studies of P. linteus.

scholarly journals Anti-Platelet Aggregation and Anti-Cyclooxygenase Activities for a Range of Coffee Extracts (Coffea arabica)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Nuntouchaporn Hutachok ◽  
Pongsak Angkasith ◽  
Chaiwat Chumpun ◽  
Suthat Fucharoen ◽  
Ian J. Mackie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Inhibition Of Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Activation Pathways ◽  
Cox 1

Coffee is rich in caffeine (CF), chlorogenic acid (CGA) and phenolics. Differing types of coffee beverages and brewing procedures may result in differences in total phenolic contents (TPC) and biological activities. Inflammation and increases of platelet activation and aggregation can lead to thrombosis. We focused on determining the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on agonist-induced platelet aggregation and cyclooxygenase (COX) of coffee beverages in relation to their preparation method. We prepared instant coffee and brewed coffee beverages using drip, espresso, and boiling techniques. Coffee extracts were assayed for their CF and CGA contents using HPLC, TPC using colorimetry, platelet aggregation with an aggregometer, and COX activity using ELISA. The findings have shown all coffee extracts, except the decaffeinated types, contained nearly equal amounts of CF, CGA, and TPC. Inhibitory effects of coffee extracts on platelet aggregation differed depending on the activation pathways induced by different agonists. All espresso, drip and boiled coffee extracts caused dose dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, epinephrine, and arachidonic acid (ARA). The most marked inhibition was seen at low doses of collagen or ARA. Espresso and drip extracts inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation more than purified caffeine or CGA. Espresso, boiled and drip coffee extracts were also a more potent inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2 than purified caffeine or CGA. We conclude that inhibition of platelet aggregation and COX-1 and COX-2 may contribute to anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory effects of espresso and drip coffee extracts.

scholarly journals Impact of Raw, Roasted and Dehulled Chickpea Flours on Technological and Nutritional Characteristics of Gluten-Free Bread

Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Gokcen Kahraman ◽  
Sebnem Harsa ◽  
Maria Cristina Casiraghi ◽  
Mara Lucisano ◽  
Carola Cappa
Keyword(s):  
Waste Product ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Chickpea Flour ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Vitro Protein

The main objective of this study was to develop a healthy rice-based gluten-free bread by using raw, roasted, or dehulled chickpea flours. All breads containing chickpea flours showed a darker crust and were characterized by an alveolar (porosity 41.5–51.4%) and soft crumb (hardness 5.5-14.1 N). Roasted chickpea flour bread exhibited the highest specific volume, the softest crumb, and the slowest staling rate. Enriching rice-based breads with the chickpea flours resulted in increased protein (from 9.72 to 12.03–13.21 g/100 g dm), ash (from 2.01 to 2.45–2.78 g/100 g dm), fat (from 1.61 to 4.58–5.86 g/100 g), and total phenolic contents (from 49.36 up to 80.52 mg GAE/100 g dm), and in reduced (~10–14% and 13.7–17%, respectively) available starch levels and rapidly digestible starch compared to rice bread. Breads with roasted chickpea flour also showed the highest in vitro protein digestibility. The results of this study indicated that the enrichment of rice-based gluten-free breads with chickpea flours improved the technological and nutritional quality of the breads differently according to the processed chickpea flour used, also allowing recovery of a waste product.

scholarly journals Anti-Platelet Aggregation and Anti-Cyclooxygenase Activities for a Range of Coffee Extracts (Coffea arabica)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuntouchporn Hutachok ◽  
Pongsak Angkasith ◽  
Chaiwat Chumpun ◽  
Suthat Fucharoen ◽  
Ian Mackie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Inhibition Of Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Activation Pathways ◽  
Cox 1

Coffee is rich in caffeine (CF), chlorogenic acid (CGA) and phenolics. Differing types of coffee beverages and brewing procedures may result in differences in total phenolic contents (TPC) and biological activities. Inflammation and increases of platelet activation and aggregation can lead to thrombosis. We focused on determining the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on agonist-induced platelet aggregation and cyclooxygenase (COX) of coffee beverages in relation to their preparation method. We prepared instant coffee and brewed coffee beverages using drip, espresso and boiling techniques. Coffee extracts were assayed for their CF and CGA contents using HPLC, TPC using colourimetry, platelet aggregation with an aggregometer and COX activity using ELISA. The findings have shown all coffee extracts, except the decaffeinated types, contained nearly equal amounts of CF, CGA and TPC. Inhibitory effects of coffee extracts on platelet aggregation differed depending on the activation pathways induced by different agonists. All espresso, drip and boiled coffee extracts caused dose dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, epinephrine, and arachidonic acid (ARA). The most marked inhibition was seen at low doses of collagen or ARA. Espresso and drip extracts inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation more than purified caffeine or CGA. Espresso, boiled and drip coffee extracts were also a more potent inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2 than purified caffeine or CGA. We conclude that inhibition of platelet aggregation and COX-1 and COX-2 may contribute to anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory effects of espresso and drip coffee extracts.

Antioxidant Activity, Total Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents of Three Different Extracts of Hyrcanian Reishi

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Keypour ◽  
Foroogh Mirzania ◽  
Mahdi M. Farimani
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Background: It has been decades since natural biomaterials, including mushrooms, are examined for antioxidant capacity to put them in the place of the synthetic antioxidants causing cancer. Ganoderma lucidum Karst is an annual fungus reputed for possessing medicinal properties. The fungus has a high potential to be used as a dietary supplement or a source of nutrients and antioxidant agents. It has not been more than a decade since the scientists are working on the different medicinal properties of the endemic Ganoderma lucidum in Iran. This study was conducted, in order to complete a part of this goal and comparing the antioxidant potential of the endemic specimen from Iran with findings from other countries. The aim of this investigation was to test the antioxidant properties, total flavonoid and phenolic contents of various extracts of Ganoderma lucidum in the form of fruit bodies. Methods: Mushroom samples were extracted with chloroform, methanol and water by maceration method. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'- azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid]) were methods used for antioxidant studies in this work. Also, total flavonoid and phenolic contents of these extracts were evaluated. Results: The methanol extraction illustrated the highest radical scavenging capacity 21.51±0.90 µmoL Trolox/g Ferric reducing assay. The best activities in ABTS and DPPH tests were obtained by chloroform extracts with the 31.36±2.30 µmoL Trolox/g and 6.07±0.08 µg/mL, respectively. Also the chloroform extraction of this fungus displayed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content 167.75±1.27 GAE/g and 38.00±0.75 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. Conclusion: The results displayed that Reishi might be proposed as a source of natural antioxidant compounds and can be used as excellent food supplement.

scholarly journals Characterization and use of Mangifera indica L. seeds from four varieties

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5264-5280
Author(s):  
Paula X. Villanueva ◽  
Yalile C. Ávila ◽  
Lina R. Dávila ◽  
John J. Méndez ◽  
Walter Murillo Arango
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Phenolic Contents

Chemical compositions (fatty acids, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids) and the in-vitro biological activities (antioxidant and antimicrobial activity; and growth induction of edible fungal strains) were compared for four varieties of mango seeds. Hexanic extract (HE) showed a fatty acid profile with a higher proportion of oleic acid. In the ethanolic extract were found variable total phenolic contents (103 to 125 mg GAE/g dry weight) and flavonoid contents (0.72 to 0.8 mg QE/g dry weight). This study reports for the first time the presence of procyanidin B1 in ethanolic extracts. The antioxidant activity showed IC50 values ranging from 3.09 to 3.42 μg/mL for ABTS•+ and 12.17 to 13.93 μg/mL for DPPH•. The ethanolic extract from the seed of the Yulima variety showed the highest percentages of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. Residues removed from ethanolic extraction of the seed kernel (EKR) induced the growth of edible fungal strains: Lentinus crinitus and Pleurotus tubarius. The data obtained show the potential of the seeds from these mango varieties, which could lead to alternative uses in various industry sectors and the use of this agricultural byproduct.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, antimicrobial and DNA protection activities of phenolic content of Tricholoma virgatum (Fr.) P.Kumm.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5500-5506
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Dna Protection ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents

Tricholoma is one of the famous genera of Basidiomycota division. Although some species of this genus have been used as culinary mushrooms, very negligible investigations have been conducted on Tricholoma genus phenolic contents and their biological activities. In the present study, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and DNA protection properties of total phenolic contents of Tricholoma virgatum (Fr.) P. Kumm. (54% methanolic extract) were assessed. T. virgatum phenolic content was determined by an analytic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method based on compression with standard phenolic compounds including gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and coumaric acid. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were determined using Rel Assay kits. For DNA protective potential assay, pBR322 supercoiled DNA method was used. The antimicrobial activity assay was done based on the agar dilution method on six different microorganisms include Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. The total phenolic contents of this mushroom lied within range of 2.02-56.85 ppm based on coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid as standards. TAS, TOS, and OSI values were determined as 3.754±0.088 mmol/L, 8.362 ±0.085 μmol/L, and 0.223 ±0.007, respectively. T. virgatum methanol extract could exhibit a protective effect on DNA against the hydroxyl radical at 100 μg/mL concentration. Although T. virgatum is not recommended as an edible mushroom, according to our results, this mushroom could be considered as valuable source for phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant/antimicrobial effects.

scholarly journals Determination of microbial load, total Phenolic and flavonoids contents in polyherbal formulation “yograj guggulu vati”

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vimal Dutt ◽  
Shivani Srivastav ◽  
Swati Mittal ◽  
Md Rafiul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents ◽  
Indian Medicine

Yograj guggulu vati (YGV), a polyherbal formulation is recommended for the management of diseases like arthritic, anodyne or analgesic, spasm, muscle relaxant, flatulence, digestive problem, cough, hyperglycaemia, fat burner and obesity. Though Yograj guggulu vati is widely used for the treatment of diseases in Ayurvedic System of Indian Medicine, but till date, it’s Phenolic and flavonoids contents and contamination studies have not been carried. In the present article, we evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoids contents and contamination of YGV. Total phenolic contents were evaluated by Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for the determination of total flavonoid contents. Contamination study such as microbial load was also performed. Microbial load study revealed that total bacterial counts and total fungal counts were under limits. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were 190.16 mg/g and 20.87 mg/ g dry extract respectively. Microbial load studies showed that the formulation has a good quality and purity. Presence of abundance phenolic and flavonoids compound indicated that YGV can be used for different biological activities. Keywords: Microbial load, Yograj Guggulu Vati, total phenolic contents

scholarly journals Comparison of antioxidant capacities of two Ganoderma lucidum strains of different geographical origins

2017 ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Milena Raseta ◽  
Sara Vrbaski ◽  
Eleonora Boskovic ◽  
Mira Popovic ◽  
Neda Mimica-Dukic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Balkan Region

Ganoderma lucidum, used in a traditional Chinese medicine, represents one of the most important medicinal mushrooms in the world, whose fruiting bodies and spores have been traditionally used because of a wide spectrum of biological activities such as antidiabetic, antioxidative, antiproliferative, cardioprotective, etc. Its ethnomedicinal importance in some parts of the Balkan region (Serbia and Croatia) is almost totally unknown and there should be more scientific investigations carried out. The aim of this work was to make a comparative study of antioxidative activities and total phenolic content of ethanol and hot water extracts of G. lucidum, collected from forests in Serbia (Morovicke sume, Fruska Gora) and Croatia (Donji Lapac, Pljesevica). The present study was carried out to evaluate antioxidant potential of examined extracts via scavenging potential on ABTS, DPPH, OH? and NO? radicals, as well as of chelating effects via FRAP assay, together with determination of their total phenolic content. Results showed that both GLS extracts possessed better antiradical activities (IC50=0.23?0.01 for H2O and 2.75?0.01 ?g/mL for EtOH for OH? and DPPH assay, respectively) than in the ABTS assay (151.40?1.07 mg TE/g d.w. for EtOH), while the phenolic content was generally equal in extracts of Serbian and Croatian samples (60.74?0.57 mg GAE/g d.w. for EtOH and 77.10?0.27 mg GAE/g d.w. for H2O, respectively). Therefore, these extracts could be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants. These results showed that examined G. lucidum extracts (especially ?2?) contain high amount of phenolic content which could significantly enhance the antiradical potential and reduce potential on iron ions. This is the first study reporting the comparison of antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of two different extracts between two G. lucidum strains from two different geographical origins from the Balkan region.

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