scholarly journals The Influence of Yeast Strain on Whisky New Make Spirit Aroma

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Christopher Waymark ◽  
Annie E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Aroma Profile ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Acceptability Rating ◽  
Flavour Profile ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Malt Whisky

Flavour in Scotch malt whisky is a key differentiating factor for consumers and producers alike. Yeast (commonly Saccharomyces cerevisiae) metabolites produce a significant amount of this flavour as part of distillery fermentations, as well as ethanol and carbon dioxide. Whilst yeast strains contribute flavour, there is limited information on the relationship between yeast strain and observed flavour profile. In this work, the impact of yeast strain on the aroma profile of new make spirit (freshly distilled, unmatured spirit) was investigated using 24 commercially available active dried yeast strains. The contribution of alcoholic, fruity, sulfury and sweet notes to new make spirit by yeast was confirmed. Generally, distilling strains could be distinguished from brewing and wine strains based on aroma and ester concentrations. However, no statistically significant differences between individual yeast strains could be perceived in the intensity of seven aroma categories typically associated with whisky. Overall, from the yeast strains assessed, it was found that new make spirit produced using yeast strains marketed as ‘brewing’ strains was preferred in terms of acceptability rating.

The Impact of University Curricula on Financial Education of Millennials

2022 ◽  
pp. 208-245
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández ◽  
María Fernanda Higuera Cota
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Literacy Knowledge ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
University Curricula ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this research is to analyze the financial literacy knowledge of the Millennial generation. The research method is qualitative-quantitative of correlational type since it consists of identifying the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The general hypothesis is that limited financial education in curricula affects the financial education of the Millennials. Through the information gathered and the surveys applied, it is evident that Millennials have no financial knowledge and university curricula have limited information on financial education.

scholarly journals Firm's Imperfect Compliance and Pollution Emissions: Theory and Evidence from South Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yu Kun Wang ◽  
Xiaoyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Carbon emissions exacerbate global climate change. Transitioning away from coal is a cost-effective path to a low-carbon economy. Although many articles have considered the issue of manufacturers' production and emission of pollution. Few papers have discussed the impact of environmental tax and fuel tax on the cost of environmental degradation. This paper seeks to fill this gap by developing a theoretical model to discuss the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth. Furthermore, in order to support the theoretical results and testify the relationship between carbon emissions and taxation, we take South Africa as a case for discussing the effect of environmental taxation and fuel levy on firms' carbon emissions. We show that the impact of environmental taxes on carbon dioxide emissions is greater than that of fuel taxes on carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, we find that the GDP level of South Africa is on the left of the inflection points of Kuznets Curve. In other words, the current growth of South Africa's economy is at the cost of worsening the environmental degradation.

scholarly journals The analysis of the relationship between CO2 level and economic growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Szira Zoltán ◽  
Bárdos Kinga Ilona ◽  
Alghamdi Hani ◽  
Enkhjav Tumentsetseg ◽  
Erika Varga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

2019 was Earth's second warmest year since 1850. In 2019 the global mean temperature was cooler than in 2016, but warmer than any other year explicitly measured. Consequently, 2016 is still the warmest year in historical observation history. Year-to-year rankings are likely to reflect natural fluctuations in the short term, but the overall pattern remains consistent with a long-term global warming trend. This would be predicted from global warming caused by greenhouse gases, temperature increase across the globe is broadly spread, impacting almost all areas of land and oceans. Climate change" and "global warming" are often used interchangeably but are of distinct significance. Global warming is the long-term heating of the Earth's climate system observed since the pre-industrial period as a result of human activities, mainly the combustion of fossil fuel, which raises the heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in the Earth's air. The term is often used interchangeably with the term climate change, as the latter applies to warming caused both humanly and naturally, and the impact it has on our planet. This is most generally calculated as the average increase in global surface temperature on Earth. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the main reasons for global warming. Since the Industrial Revolution, human sources of carbon dioxide emissions have been growing. Human activities such as the burning of oil, coal and gas, as well as deforestation are the primary cause of the increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. In our research, let’s examine the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide emissions and the GDP/capita in developed and developing countries.

Oenological property analysis of selected Hanseniaspora uvarum isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhu Liu ◽  
Yinfeng Li ◽  
Hubing Zhao ◽  
Zhihai Yu ◽  
Mingzheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Aroma Profile ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Hanseniaspora Uvarum ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Rosa Roxburghii Tratt ◽  
Volatile Aroma ◽  
Rosa Roxburghii ◽  
Indigenous Yeast

Abstract Oenological yeasts play a crucial role in the winemaking process by converting sugar into ethanol, carbon dioxide and flavor substances that contribute to the wine aroma profile. Eighty strains of yeast were isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt. Three of the indigenous yeast strains (numbered as C26, C31 and F110) were selected based on having the strongest fruity-aroma producing ability to further evaluate theirs oenological properties, and they were identified as Hanseniaspora uvarum based on morphological and molecular analyses. Strains tolerance results showed that the selected strains have glucose, citric acid and sulfur dioxide tolerances that are comparable to commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae X16, but they are ethanol sensitive. Additionally, the H. uvarum strains had similar β-glucosidase production abilities to the control, but they do not produce hydrogen sulfide. Moreover, the selected H. uvarum strains reduced the acidity and increased the volatile aroma richness and complexity of R. roxburghii wine during laboratory-scale fermentation. Thus, the selected H. uvarum strains (C26, C31 and F110) show potential in the production of unique R. roxburghii wine.

scholarly journals Examining the Impacts of Economic, Social, and Environmental Factors on the Relationship between Urbanization and CO2 Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7430
Author(s):  
Yang Ding ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Lanjuan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between urbanization, economic growth, industrial transformation, technological change, public services, demographical change, urban and natural environmental changes, and carbon emissions using a dataset of 182 prefecture-level cities in China between 2001 and 2010. Specifically, this paper differs from previous studies in two aspects. First, the extant literature has focused on how economic processes accompanying rapid urbanization affect carbon emissions in urban areas but gives little attention to the other dimensions of urbanization, including social and environmental changes, which may have important effects on carbon emissions. We assessed the effects of 17 key processes accompanying urbanization in a full range of economic, social, and environmental dimensions on carbon dioxide emissions in urban areas. The results showed that social processes accompanied with rapid urbanization had distinct effects on carbon emissions, compared to economic and environmental processes. Specifically, improvement in public services, indicated by education and cultural developments, reduces the increase in carbon emissions during urbanization, while economic growth and urban construction reinforces the growth in carbon emissions. Second, we examined the impact of various urbanization processes on carbon dioxide emissions using a unique dataset of 182 prefecture-level cities that covers a wide span of regions in China. The results of our analyses on the city level have important implications for the formulation of comprehensive policies aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emission in urban areas, focusing on different urbanization processes in economic, social, and environmental phases.

scholarly journals Влияние штаммов дрожжей на качество столовых виноматериалов из винограда сорта Кокур белый

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Ivanchenko ◽  
V.N. Geok ◽  
P.A. Probeigolova
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Grapevine Cultivar ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Active Dry Yeast ◽  
The Impact

В публикации представлены результаты анализа органолептических и физико-химических показателей столовых сухих виноматериалов из винограда сорта Кокур белый (2015-2017 гг. урожая), произрастающего в Судакском районе Республики Крым, полученных с использованием штаммов дрожжей I-527 (Раса 47-К) и I-271 (Феодосия I-19) из Коллекция микроорганизмов виноделия Магарач и препаратов активных сухих дрожжей производства Martin Vialatte , Франция: Vitilevure KD , Vitilevure 58W3 , Vitilevure Quartz M05 . Все исследуемые виноматериалы соответствовали требованиям ГОСТ 32030-2013 для столовых сухих вин: объемная доля этилового спирта составляла в среднем 11,2-12,0 об., массовая концентрация сахаров 1,0-1,4 г/дм3, титруемых и летучих кислот 6,1-6,5 и 0,41-0,54 г/дм3 соответственно. В результате проведенных исследований установлено влияние коллекционных штаммов дрожжей и препаратов активных сухих дрожжей на образование вторичных продуктов брожения (высших спиртов, сложных эфиров, альдегидов и терпеновых соединений) и формирование аромата столовых сухих виноматериалов из крымского аборигенного сорта винограда Кокур белый. Использование штаммов дрожжей I-527 (Раса 47-К) и Vitilevure KD позволило получить виноматериалы с ярким сортовым ароматом цветочно-медового направления с фруктовыми оттенками и свежим, гармоничным вкусом. В этих виноматериалах отмечено высокое содержание сложных эфиров (58,9-62,3 мг/дм3) и терпеновых соединений (4,81-5,42 мг/дм3) по сравнению с другими исследуемыми виноматериалами. При использовании коллекционного штамма дрожжей I-271 (Феодосия I-19) были получены виноматериалы с приглушенным ароматом и полным, гармоничным вкусом. Использование препарата активных сухих дрожжей Vitilevure 58W3 привело к усилению пряных оттенков в аромате виноматериалов, а Vitilevure Quartz M05 к усилению медовых оттенков. Коллекционный штамм дрожжей I-527 (Раса 47-К) и препарат активных сухих дрожжей Vitilevure KD рекомендованы для производства столовых сухих виноматериалов из винограда сорта Кокур белыйThe paper synthesizes analytical data on organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of table base wines from Kokur beliy grapes (2015-2017 harvest) cultivated in the Sudaksky region of the Republic of Crimea, obtained using yeast strains I-527 (Rasa 47-К) and I-271 (Feodosia I-19) from the Collection of microorganisms for winemaking Magarach and dry active yeast preparations produced by Martin Vialatte, France: Vitilevure KD, Vitilevure 58W3, Vitilevure Quartz M05. All the studied base wines met the requirements of GOST 32030-2013 for table dry wines: the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol made on average 11.2-12.0 , total sugars 1.0-1.4 g/dm3, titrated and volatile acids 6.1-6.5 и 0.41-0.54 g/dm3, respectively. The study confirmed the impact of collection yeast strains and active yeast preparations on formation of secondary fermentation products (higher alcohols, esters, aldehydes and terpenic compounds) and aroma dvelopment of table dry base wines obtained from Crimean autochthonous grapevine cultivar Kokur beliy. The use of yeast strain I-527 (Rasa 47-К) and Vitilevure KD produced base wines characterized by rich varietal bouquet with floral and honey flavors and fruity overtones, and fresh, well-balanced taste. The base wines exhibited high ester (58.9-62.3 mg/dm3) and terpenic compounds content, as compared to other base wines analyzed. When collection yeast strain I-271 (Feodosiya I-19) was used, we obtained base wines characterized by muted nose, and full-bodied balanced taste. The use of active dry yeast preparation Vitilevure 58W3 enhanced spicy overtones in the aroma of the base wines, while Vitilevure Quartz M05 preparation strengthened honey hints. Collection yeast strain I-527 (Rasa 47-К) and active dry yeast preparation Vitilevure KD are recommended for use in production of table dry base wines from Kokur beliy grapes.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Deterioration Mechanisms of Concrete under Tensile Stress-Chloride Ion-Carbon Dioxide Multiple Corrosion Environment

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Xiangsheng Chen ◽  
Jun Shen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Carbonation Depth ◽  
The Impact

The adverse effects of a hostile marine environment on concrete structures inevitably result in great economic loss and may contribute to catastrophic failure. There is limited information on the durability of concrete in a tensile stress-chloride ion-carbon dioxide (TCC) multiple-corrosion environment. The objective of this study is to explore the impact of a TCC multiple-corrosion environment on concrete considering three coupled factors of compressive strength, Cl− penetration, and carbonation. Dry–wet cycle tests were conducted to determine the strength degradation and Cl− penetration concentration of concrete in a hostile multiple-corrosion marine environment. The results show that the effects of water-soluble chloride ions (Cl−), carbon dioxide (CO2), and tensile stress on concrete are not a simple superposition, but involve obvious interaction. The compressive strength of a concrete specimen first increases and then decreases in chlorine salt-carbon tests. The Cl− concentration and tensile stress affect the carbonation depth of concrete, which increases with an increase in Cl− concentration, and with the application of tensile stress. The Cl− concentration has an obvious effect on the carbonation depth. In addition to experimental observations, a stepwise regression equation was established based on the multiple linear regression theory. A correlation analysis considering different factors was conducted to reflect the corrosion results more directly.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF DEMOCRACY, CORRUPTION AND MILITARY EXPENDITURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: EVIDENCE FROM TOP SIX ASEAN COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-340
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Zandi ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb ◽  
Irwan Shah Zainal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Statistical Estimations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the study: The current study aims to examine the relationship between corruption, democracy, military expenditure and environmental degradation in a panel of six ASEAN countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam using a panel data from 1995 to 2017. Methodology: In addition, the current study is unique in applying the sophisticated methods of panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) that have been adopted in several earlier quality research. Main Findings: The results of panel estimations conclude that corruption, military expenditure, and democracy have a noteworthy and significant impact on carbon dioxide emission in ASEAN countries. The results of FMOLS and DOLS confirm that there is a positive and significant impact of military expenditure and corruption on carbon dioxide emission. However, we found a negative and significant impact of democracy on carbon dioxide emission in all selected ASEAN countries. Implications: In general, the consequences of both statistical estimations affirm that corruption, democracy, and military expenditure are the critical and noteworthy determinants of carbon dioxide emission in ASEAN nations.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Business: Making Cents of Coding Systems: Billing for Professional Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dee Adams Nikjeh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Services ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
Fee Schedule ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Administrators and supervisors face daily challenges over issues such as program funding, service fees, correct coding procedures, and the ever-changing healthcare regulations. Receiving equitable reimbursement for speech-language pathology and audiology services necessitates an understanding of federal coding and reimbursement systems. This tutorial provides information pertaining to two major healthcare coding systems and explains the relationship of these systems to clinical documentation, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and equitable reimbursement. An explanation of coding edits and coding modifiers is provided for use in those occasional atypical situations when the standard use of procedural coding may not be appropriate. Also included in this tutorial is a brief discussion of the impact that the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (HR 6331 Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act [MIPPA], 2008) has had on the valuation of speech-language pathology procedure codes.

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