Subcritical Water Extraction and Hydrolysis of Cod (Gadus morhua) Frames to Produce Bioactive Protein Extracts

The valorization of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) frames from a filleting industry was investigated using subcritical water extraction and hydrolysis (SBW) at different temperatures (90, 140, 190 and 250 °C) and 100 bar to obtain extracts rich in proteins, peptides and amino acids. Up to 57.7 g of extract per 100 g of codfish frames were obtained, with nearly total recovery of the protein fraction. At each temperature, protein extracts of decreasing molecular weight were obtained, according to SEC-GPC results. Most of the protein present in the raw material and extracts was collagen and collagen fragments, as suggested by the amino acid profile. Codfish SBW extracts did not show cytotoxicity in the range of concentrations tested and the protein extract obtained at the lowest temperature (90 °C) showed the highest anti-inflammatory potential in human intestinal epithelium cell model. The mineralized residue left after SBW treatment of cod frames was identified as practically pure, crystalline, hydroxyapatite, that may find applications in biomedical field and hard-tissue engineering. This study shows the possible valorization of cod frames using green extraction methods such as SBW process to obtain protein extracts for food and nutraceutical applications.

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The Influence of the Parameters of the Subcritical Water Extraction Process on the Efficiency of Isoflavones Elicitation from Soy Meal

Restaurant and hotel consulting Innovations ◽

10.31866/2616-7468.4.2.2021.249092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 299-315

Author(s):

Valeriy Sukmanov ◽

Olena Kovalchuk

Keyword(s):

Subcritical Water ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Subcritical Water Extraction ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Soy Meal ◽

Extraction Parameters ◽

Active Substances

Topicality. Incidental products of soy processing (okara, meal, millcake) contain a large amount of protein, and, additionally, other valuable biologically active substances. Among them, isoflavones are of particular researchers’ interest. Subcritical water extraction is a promising method for elicitation biologically active substances from plant raw material. However, such a method of extracting isoflavones, and its rational parameters for soy meal, remain insufficiently investigated. Aim and methods. The aim of this work is to study the influence of parameters (temperature: 120...160°С, duration of extraction: 5...15 min, hydromodule: 1:15...25) of the extracting process of soy meal with subcritical water on the isoflavones content in the dry material of the extract. The empirical research method is applied, using the second-order orthogonal compositional outline for a fractional factor experiment. The samples of soy meal extract are obtained using the experimental setup, based on the high-pressure reactor “RHP-2-500”. The total isoflavones content in the dry extract material is defined in terms of gallic acid with absorption spectrophotometry method. Results. Based on the obtained results, the quadratic interpolation model is constructed. This model links the total isoflavones content in the dry extract material with the extraction parameters. The analysis of the constructed model makes it possible to establish rational measures of extraction parameters. Conclusions and discussion. In this study, the intensive growth of soflavones content in the dry extract with highing the temperature process, and a relatively small influence of the process duration on this indicator, were defined. The influence of the hydromodule is ambiguous. The lowest yield of isoflavones is noted at hydromodule ≈1:21,41. Its increase or decrease lead to the growth of isoflavones content in the extract. In this paper, for the first time, the existence of rational measures of parameters in the process of extracting isoflavones with subcritical water from soy meal is studied and established. The obtained results can be used in the elaboration of the technology for producing isoflavones enriched soy protein concentrate.

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Subcritical water extraction of indium from indium tin oxide scrap using organic acid solutions

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en19233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 158

Author(s):

Astrid Rahmawati ◽

Kurniawan Adi Kuncoro ◽

Suryadi Ismadji ◽

Jhy-Chern Liu

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Tin Oxide ◽

Indium Tin Oxide ◽

Gluconic Acid ◽

Subcritical Water ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Etidronic Acid ◽

Subcritical Water Extraction

Environmental contextIndium is a metal increasingly used in high-technology industries, creating a demand for efficient recycling technology. We investigated extraction of indium from waste using a subcritical water extraction with organic acids. Compared with conventional methods employing concentrated mineral acids, the new method is less corrosive, more efficient and required shorter extraction times. AbstractSubcritical water extraction (SWE) was applied to extract indium (In) from indium tin oxide (ITO) scrap. Four organic acids, acetic acid, gluconic acid, citric acid (CA) and etidronic acid (EA), were used at a solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L) of 10gL−1. Neither acetic acid nor gluconic acid yielded significant extraction of indium. A total of 70.71% and 96.93% of indium was extracted using 1M of CA and EA respectively at 150°C and a final pressure of 18–19 bar within 30min. The extraction efficiency of In was shown to increase with the increase in acid concentration and in temperature. Compared with conventional extraction methods, SWE was more effective using less concentrated acids and required a shorter reaction time.

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Microwave-Assisted Subcritical Water Extraction of Steviol Glycosides From Stevia rebaudiana Leaves

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x19860003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X1986000 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zheng Yang ◽

Brandon Uhler ◽

Tristan Lipkie

Keyword(s):

Subcritical Water ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Steviol Glycosides ◽

Subcritical Water Extraction ◽

Steviol Glycoside ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽

Green Approach

A rapid method that combines microwave heating and subcritical water extraction to extract steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) or stevia leaves was developed and compared to conventional thermal solvent extraction methods. Within only 1 minute after subcritical water condition at 140°C being reached, the yields of major steviol glycoside, rebaudioside A and stevioside, and less polar steviol glucoside, rebaudioside C, from stevia leaves were comparable to conventional extraction method that used 70% ethanol under sonication for 45 minutes. This new hybrid extraction technique may provide a cost-effective and green approach for commercial production of high-purity steviol glycoside sweeteners and their “organic” versions without the use of highly expensive “organic” ethanol.

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Towards the Properties of Different Biomass-Derived Proteins via Various Extraction Methods

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25030488 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 488 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lin Du ◽

Pablo J. Arauzo ◽

Maria Fernanda Meza Zavala ◽

Zebin Cao ◽

Maciej Pawel Olszewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Interfacial Tension ◽

Subcritical Water ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Subcritical Water Extraction ◽

Oil Water ◽

Yield And Purity

This study selected three representative protein-rich biomass—brewer’s spent grain (BSG), pasture grass (PG), and cyanobacteria (Arthrospira platensis; AP) for protein extraction with different extraction methods (alkaline treatment, aqueous extraction, and subcritical water extraction). The yield, purity, molecular weight, oil–water interfacial tension, and thermal stability of the obtained proteins derived from different biomass and extraction methods were comprehensively characterized and compared. In the view of protein yield and purity, alkaline treatment was found optimal for BSG (21.4 and 60.2 wt.%, respectively) and AP (55.5 and 68.8 wt.%, respectively). With the decreased oil–water interfacial tension, the proteins from all biomass showed the potential to be emulsifier. BSG and AP protein obtained with chemical treatment presented excellent thermal stability. As a novel method, subcritical water extraction is promising in recovering protein from all three biomass with the comparable yield and purity as alkaline treatment. Furthermore, the hydrolyzed protein with lower molecular weight by subcritical water could promote its functions of foaming and emulsifying.

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Subcritical Water Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Analysis of Inorganic Elements from Erigeron breviscapus

ChemistrySelect ◽

10.1002/slct.201900921 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (24) ◽

pp. 7173-7180 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fansheng Meng ◽

Yan Cheng

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Subcritical Water ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Inorganic Elements ◽

Subcritical Water Extraction ◽

Erigeron Breviscapus

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SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROMZATARIA MULTIFLORABOISS

Journal of Food Process Engineering ◽

10.1111/j.1745-4530.2008.00245.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 804-816 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

M. KHAJENOORI ◽

A. HAGHIGHI ASL ◽

F. HORMOZI ◽

M.H. EIKANI ◽

H. NOORI BIDGOLI

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Subcritical Water ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Subcritical Water Extraction

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Optimization of subcritical water extraction of phenolic antioxidants from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel by response surface methodology

Analytical Methods ◽

10.1039/c7ay01475a ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (32) ◽

pp. 4647-4656 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Linlin Yan ◽

Yungang Cao ◽

Guangyao Zheng

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Subcritical Water ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Phenolic Antioxidants ◽

Subcritical Water Extraction ◽

Extraction Technology ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Efficient Extraction ◽

Punica Granatum L

Subcritical water extraction (SWE), a ‘green’ and efficient extraction technology, was applied to extract phenolic antioxidants from pomegranate peel in this study.

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Structural Changes in Milled Wood Lignin (MWL) of Chinese Quince (Chaenomeles sinensis) Fruit Subjected to Subcritical Water Treatment

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 398

Author(s):

Wen-Yue Wang ◽

Zhao Qin ◽

Hua-Min Liu ◽

Xue-De Wang ◽

Jing-Hao Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Quantum Coherence ◽

Structural Changes ◽

31P Nmr ◽

Subcritical Water ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Subcritical Water Extraction ◽

Milled Wood Lignin ◽

Chinese Quince

Subcritical water treatment has received considerable attention due to its cost effectiveness and environmentally friendly properties. In this investigation, Chinese quince fruits were submitted to subcritical water treatment (130, 150, and 170 °C), and the influence of treatments on the structure of milled wood lignin (MWL) was evaluated. Structural properties of these lignin samples (UL, L130, L150, and L170) were investigated by high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), FT-IR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), TGA, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), 2D-Heteronculear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) -NMR, and 31P-NMR. The carbohydrate analysis showed that xylose in the samples increased significantly with higher temperature, and according to molecular weight and thermal analysis, the MWLs of the pretreated residues have higher thermal stability with increased molecular weight. The spectra of 2D-NMR and 31P-NMR demonstrated that the chemical linkages in the MWLs were mainly β-O-4′ ether bonds, β-5′ and β-β′, and the units were principally G- S- H- type with small amounts of ferulic acids; these results are consistent with the results of Py-GC/MS analysis. It is believed that understanding the structural changes in MWL caused by subcritical water treatment will contribute to understanding the mechanism of subcritical water extraction, which in turn will provide a theoretical basis for developing the technology of subcritical water extraction.

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