scholarly journals Sugars Replacement as a Strategy to Control the Formation of α-Dicarbonyl and Furanic Compounds during Cookie Processing

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2101
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Cincotta ◽  
Selina Brighina ◽  
Concetta Condurso ◽  
Elena Arena ◽  
Antonella Verzera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Chemical Hazard ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Furanic Compounds ◽  
Faster Development

In the last decade, several preventive strategies were considered to mitigate the chemical hazard accumulation in food products. This work aimed to study the effect of different sugars on the development of the main chemical hazard in cookies. For this purpose, model biscuits prepared using sucrose, fructose, and glucose were baked at different temperatures (150, 170, and 190 °C) and for different times (from 5 to 45 min), and the levels of α-dicarbonyl compounds, such as 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and furanic aromatic compounds were monitored. The replacement of sucrose in the cookie recipes with monosaccharides had as a consequence the highest accumulation of 3-DG (200–600 times higher), MGO, HMF, and furanic volatile compounds, while the use of sucrose allowed for maintaining the 3-DG, MGO, and HMF levels at less than 10 mg/kg dry matter in cookies for the estimated optimal baking time. Moreover, cookies with sucrose were characterised in terms of volatile compounds, mainly in terms of lipid oxidation products, while cookies with fructose or glucose baked at the highest temperature were characterised almost exclusively by Maillard reaction products, confirming a faster development of this reaction during baking at the studied temperatures.

scholarly journals Impact of Chitosan-Genipin Films on Volatile Profile of Wine along Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6294
Author(s):  
M. Angélica Rocha ◽  
Manuel Coimbra ◽  
Sílvia Rocha ◽  
Cláudia Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Ethyl Hexanoate ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Strecker Aldehydes ◽  
Key Odorants

Chitosan-genipin films have been proposed for preservation of white wine, maintaining their varietal key odorants and organoleptic characteristics of sulfur dioxide treated wines. Nevertheless, these wines showed aroma notes that slightly distinguish them. It is possible that during the contact of films with wine for at least 2 months, after fermentation and prior to bottling, interactions or chemical reactions are promoted. In this work, wine model solutions with volatile compounds in contact with chitosan-genipin films were performed to evaluate their evolution along time. To complement these analyses, the volatile compounds of white and red wines kept in contact with chitosan-genipin films during 2 and 8 months were also studied. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the contact of chitosan-genipin films with both white and red wines tend to retain long carbon chain volatile compounds, such as ethyl hexanoate and octan-3-one. It also promoted the formation of Maillard reaction products, such as furfural by dehydration of pentoses and Strecker aldehydes, such as 3-methylbutanal and phenylacetaldehyde, by degradation of amino acids. This study reveals that the use of chitosan-genipin films for wine preservation is also able to promote the formation of compounds that can modulate the wines aroma, maintaining the varietal notes.

scholarly journals Analysis on antibacterial activities and volatile compounds of Maillard reaction products derived from squid skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Lili Ji ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Wendong Song ◽  
Lu Cai ◽  
Yaning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidant ◽  
Predominant Component

Maillard reaction products (MRPs) could offer flavor and aroma for food, and also render functional characteristics. In this work, three squid skin Maillard reaction products with glucose (GSS), fructose (FSS) and lactose (LSS) were prepared, whose volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. And the antibacterial activities of three Maillard reaction products against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio harveyi were investigated. The results showed that the volatile compounds of squid skin MRPs mainly contained alcohol, acid, phenol, ester, aldehyde, alkane, alkene, amide and ester, among which alcohol was the predominant component in the GSS and LSS, accounting for 53.87±6.02 % and 83.67±3.64%, respectively, however, acid was predominant component in the FSS, accounting for 54.19±3.38 %. Surprisingly, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), as a synthetic antioxidant, was firstly identified in these three MRPs, which directly indicated squid skin MRPs have antioxidant activities. It is demonstrated that the antibacterial abilities of LSS and GSS were superior to that of FSS, and Escherichia coli was the most sensitive to the three MRPs among the three tested bacteria. This study demonstrates squid skin MRPs possess antioxidant and antibacterial abilities, which shows promising and far-ranging prospect in the fields of food additives.

scholarly journals Determination of Antioxidant Capacity, Phenolics and Volatile Maillard Reaction Products in Rye-Buckwheat Biscuits Supplemented with 3β-d-Rutinoside

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Starowicz ◽  
Georgios Koutsidis ◽  
Henryk Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Reaction Products

The Maillard reaction (MR) is responsible for the development of color, taste and aroma in bakery products though the formation of numerous aroma compounds such as pyrazines, pyrroles and aldehydes, nonvolatile taste active compounds and melanoidins. In this article, we investigate the effect of quercetin 3β-D-rutinoside (rutin) supplementation, at the level of 5–50 mg per 100 g, of rye-buckwheat biscuits on the formation of phenolics and volatile Maillard reaction products (MRPs) such as pyrazines, furfuryl alcohol and furfural, determined by headspace solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC–MS), in addition to the effect on the antioxidant capacity. The study confirmed that rutin was stable under baking conditions as showed by its content in rye-buckwheat biscuits. Supplementation of biscuits with increasing amounts of rutin resulted in the progressive increase of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity measured by DPPH and OxHLIA assays, but it had no effect on their sensory quality. From the eighteen compounds identified by HS-SPME/GC–MS in the volatile fraction of biscuits were quantitated as a compounds-of-interest: methylpyrazine, ethylpyrazine, 2,3-; 2,5- and 2,6-dimethylpyrazines, as well as furfural, furfuryl alcohol and hexanal. The rutin supplementation of biscuits might be one of the factors to influence the formation of both desirable volatile compounds and undesirable toxic compounds. In conclusion, this study indicates for the significant role of polyphenols on the formation of volatile compounds in biscuits with possible future application in the development of healthy bakery products with high antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Reactions of proteins with oxidizing lipids

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik K. Nielsen ◽  
P. A. Finot ◽  
R. F. Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Methyl Linolenate ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Excess Oxygen ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products ◽  
Methionine Residues ◽  
Net Protein

1. The consequences of reactions between protein and oxidizing lipids on the nutritional quality of food proteins have been investigated using a whey protein–methyl linolenate-water model system.2. In rat assays, significant reductions were observed in protein efficiency ratio, net protein ratio, net protein utilization, biological value and true nitrogen digestibility, especially when the reaction had taken place at high moisture content, high temperature and in the presence of excess oxygen.3. The losses of bioavailable lysine and tryptophan as measured by rat assays followed a similar pattern. The chemical value of each amino acid multiplied by the true N digestibility closely resembled the rat assay value. In general, the reaction products of lysine and tryptophan formed during lipid oxidation were biologically unavailable.4. The bioavailabilities of methionine and of ‘methionine plus cyst(e)ine’ were determined in separate assays. Cyst(e)ine was calculated as ‘methionine plus cyst(e)ine’ minus methionine. In whey protein which had reacted with oxidizing methyl linolenate, the bioavailable methionine content was not significantly reduced even though 82% of the methionine residues were present as methionine sulphoxide. In hydrogen peroxide-treated casein in which all methionine residues were oxidized to the sulphoxide, methionine sulphoxide was found to be 96% as utilizable as a methionine source to the rat. Free methionine sulphoxide was 87% utilizable.5. Cyst(e)ine appeared to be as sensitive as lysine to reactions with lipid oxidation products. In whey protein which had reacted with oxidizing methyl linolenate, the bioavailabilities of cyst(e)ine, lysine, tryptophan and methionine were reduced by 28, 24, 11 and 8% respectively and true N digestibility by 9%. These results are discussed in relation to food products.

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