scholarly journals Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Structural Characterization of Chondroitin Sulfate Derived from Jumbo Squid Cartilage

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2363
Author(s):  
Kai-Ruei Yang ◽  
Ming-Fong Tsai ◽  
Chwen-Jen Shieh ◽  
Osamu Arakawa ◽  
Cheng-Di Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Dosidicus Gigas ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Jumbo Squid ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Chondroitin sulfate (ChS) is usually used as an oral nutraceutical supplement, and has been popular in Asia, Europe, and United States for many years. In this study, a potential and sustainable source of ChS from jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) cartilage was explored; ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract ChS from jumbo squid cartilage. The result of mass transfer coefficients based on Fick’s law showed that UAE had higher mass transfer efficacy. The response surface methodology (RSM) combined with Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to evaluate the effects of the extraction parameters. The optimal conditions were extraction temperature of 52 °C, extraction time of 46 min, and NaOH concentration of 4.15%. The crude extract was precipitated by 50% ethanol, which obtained a purified ChS with 23.7% yield and 82.3% purity. The purified ChS measured by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) had a carbon to sulfur molar ratio of approximately 14:1. The FTIR, 1H, and 13C NMR confirmed jumbo squid ChS were present in the form of chondroitin-4-sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate, with a 4S/6S ratio of 1.62. The results of this study provide an efficient process for production and purification of ChS, and are significant for the development and utilization of ChS from jumbo squid cartilage in the nutrient food or pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method for the Analysis of Major Anthocyanin Content in Erica australis Flowers

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2884
Author(s):  
Ceferino Carrera ◽  
María José Aliaño-González ◽  
Jaime Rodríguez-López ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Fernando Ojeda-Copete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Precision Study ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Erica Australis

Erica australis plants have been used in infusions and folk medicine for years for its diuretic and antiseptic properties and even for the treatment of infections. In addition, a recently published thorough study on this species has demonstrated its antioxidant, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic and even antitumoral activities. These properties have been associated with the high content of anthocyanins in E. australis leaves and flowers. The aim of the present research is to optimize an ultrasound-assisted extraction methodology for the recovery of the anthocyanins present in E. australis flowers. For that purpose, a Box Behnken design with response surface methodology was employed, and the influence of four variables at different values was determined: namely, the composition of the extraction solvents (0–50% MeOH in water), the pH level of those solvents (3–7), the extraction temperature (10–70 °C), and the sample:solvent ratio (0.5 g:10 mL–0.5 g:20 mL). UHPLC-UV-vis has been employed to quantify the two major anthocyanins detected in the samples. The extraction optimum conditions for 0.5 g samples were: 20 mL of solvent (50% MeOH:H2O) at 5 pH, with a 15 min extraction time at 70 °C. A precision study was performed and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) obtained were 3.31% and 3.52%, respectively. The developed methodology has been successfully applied to other Erica species to validate the suitability of the method for anthocyanin extraction.

scholarly journals Skin-Whitening and Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Peanut Shell Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Da Hye Gam ◽  
Ji Woo Hong ◽  
Jun Hee Kim ◽  
Jin Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Skin Whitening ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Experimental Values

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for simultaneous optimization of dependent variables, including DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), tyrosinase activity inhibition (TAI), and collagenase activity inhibition (CAI) of peanut shell extracts. The effects of the main variables including extraction time (5.0~55.0 min, X1), extraction temperature (26.0~94.0 °C, X2), and ethanol concentration (0.0%~99.5%, X3) were optimized. Based on experimental values from each condition, quadratic regression models were derived for the prediction of optimum conditions. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the independent variable was in the range of 0.89~0.96, which demonstrates that the regression model is suitable for the prediction. In predicting optimal UAE conditions based on the superimposing method, extraction time of 31.2 min, extraction temperature of 36.6 °C, and ethanol concentration of 93.2% were identified. Under these conditions, RSA of 74.9%, TAI of 50.6%, and CAI of 86.8% were predicted, showing good agreement with the experimental values. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that peanut shell extract decreased mRNA levels of tyrosinase-related protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 genes in B16-F0 cell. Therefore, we identified the skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects of peanut shell extracts at protein as well as gene expression levels, and the results show that peanut shell is an effective cosmetic material for skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects. Based on this study, peanut shell, which was considered a byproduct, can be used for the development of healthy foods, medicines, and cosmetics.

scholarly journals Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xiaodi Ma ◽  
Qibin Cheng ◽  
Xiaoli Xi ◽  
Liwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted significant attention as green media for the extraction and separation of natural compounds from Chinese medicine. In this study, a hydrophobic DESs-based microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was successfully used to efficiently extract baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Firstly, DecA: N4444-Cl (DES-1 , molar ratio 1 : 2) was screened and selected as the most appropriate DES by comparing the extraction yield in different hydrophobic DESs. Based on the extraction yield of baicalin, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to model and optimize the parameters (extraction temperature, liquid-solid ratio, and extraction time). Furthermore, the maximum yield of 106.96 mg·g−1 was achieved under optimum conditions in DES-containing aqueous solutions (33 vol% water content), which reached a similar level that was conducted using the pharmacopoeia procedure (104.94 mg·g−1). These results indicated that the proposed method is an excellent alternative for the extraction of baicalin.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Pteris cretica L.: Process Optimization, HPLC Analysis, and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Hou ◽  
Wenzhong Hu ◽  
Aosheng Wang ◽  
Zhilong Xiu ◽  
Yusheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Pteris Cretica ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ic50 Values

In the present work, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of total flavonoids (TF) from Pteris cretica L. was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of a single-factor experiment. The optimized UAE parameters were as follows: Ethanol concentration 56.74%, extraction time 45.94 min, extraction temperature 74.27 °C, and liquid/solid ratio 33.69 mL/g. Under the optimized conditions, the total flavonoids yield (TFY) was 4.71 ± 0.04%, which was higher than that obtained by heat reflux extraction (HRE). The extracts were further analyzed by HPLC, and five major flavonoids, including rutin, quercitrin, luteolin, apigenin, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside, were identified and quantified. Furthermore, the results of the antioxidant test showed that the TF extract obtained under optimized UAE conditions exhibited good 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS+•), nitric oxide radical (NO•) scavenging activities, and ferrous ion (Fe2+) chelating capacity, with IC50 values of 74.49, 82.92, 89.12, and 713.41 µg/mL, respectively. Results indicated that the UAE technique developed in this work was an efficient, rapid, and simple approach for the extraction of flavonoids with antioxidant activity from P. cretica.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidant Polyphenols from the Seed Coats of Red Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiate (Jacq.) DC.)

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Yu Xu ◽  
Ren-You Gan ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Ya Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Seed Coats

The seed coat of red sword bean (Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.) is rich in antioxidant polyphenols. It is often discarded as a byproduct with the consumption of red sword bean, since it is very thick and not consumed by people. The aim of this study was to develop an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to extract natural antioxidants from the seed coats. The extraction process was optimized by using response surface methodology. After the single-factor experiments, three key factors, including ethanol concentration, liquid/solid ratio, and extraction time, were selected and their interactions were studied using a central composite design. The optimal extraction condition was 60.2% hydroethanol, a liquid/solid ratio of 29.3 mL/g, an extraction time of 18.4 min, an extraction temperature of 50 °C, and ultrasound power of 400 W. Under the optimal conditions, antioxidant activity of the extract was 755.98 ± 10.23 μmol Trolox/g dry weight (DW), much higher than that from maceration (558.77 ± 14.42 μmol Trolox/g DW) or Soxhlet extraction (479.81 ± 12.75 μmol Trolox/g DW). In addition, the main antioxidant compounds in the extract were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS). The concentrations of digalloyl hexoside, methyl gallate, gallic acid, trigalloyl hexoside, and digallic acid were 15.30 ± 0.98, 8.85 ± 0.51, 8.76 ± 0.36, 4.27 ± 0.21, and 2.89 ± 0.13 mg/g DW. This study provides an efficient and green extraction method for the extraction of natural antioxidants from the bean coat of red sword bean. The extract of antioxidants might be added into functional foods or nutraceuticals with potential beneficial functions.

scholarly journals Emerging Technologies for the Extraction of Marine Phenolics: Opportunities and Challenges

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adane Tilahun Getachew ◽  
Charlotte Jacobsen ◽  
Susan Løvstad Holdt
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Natural phenolic compounds are important classes of plant, microorganism, and algal secondary metabolites. They have well-documented beneficial biological activities. The marine environment is less explored than other environments but have huge potential for the discovery of new unique compounds with potential applications in, e.g., food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. To survive in a very harsh and challenging environment, marine organisms like several seaweed (macroalgae) species produce and accumulate several secondary metabolites, including marine phenolics in the cells. Traditionally, these compounds were extracted from their sample matrix using organic solvents. This conventional extraction method had several drawbacks such as a long extraction time, low extraction yield, co-extraction of other compounds, and usage of a huge volume of one or more organic solvents, which consequently results in environmental pollution. To mitigate these drawbacks, newly emerging technologies, such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) have received huge interest from researchers around the world. Therefore, in this review, the most recent and emerging technologies are discussed for the extraction of marine phenolic compounds of interest for their antioxidant and other bioactivity in, e.g., cosmetic and food industry. Moreover, the opportunities and the bottleneck for upscaling of these technologies are also presented.

Process Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Helianthus annuus L. Heads by Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 848-854
Author(s):  
Yin Xiang Gao ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Yuan Gang Zu ◽  
Li Ping Yao
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

An ultrasound-assisted procedure for the extraction of pectin from heads ofHelianthus annuusL. (sunflower) was established. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction temperature (X1: 30–50°C), extraction time (X2: 20–40 min) and pH (X3: 2.5–3.5) to obtain a high yield of pectin with high degree of esterification (DE) from sunflower heads. Analysis of variance showed that the contribution of a quadratic model was significant for the pectin extraction yield and DE. An optimization study using response surface methodology was performed and 3D response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical model. According to the RSM model, the highest pectin yield (23.11 ± 0.08%) and DE (39.85 ± 0.14%) can be achieved when the UAE process is carried out at 50°C for 40min using a hydrochloric acid solution of pH 3.0. These results suggest that ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of functional pectin from sunflower heads at industrial level.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds in Bael Fruit Pulp Waste: Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Characterization, Modeling, and Optimization Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9318-9334
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Bael fruit is an abundant source of bioactive compounds that have importance in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The process of extraction of the bael fruit juice produced a higher percentage of bael fruit pulp waste (BFPW) (37.33 %), which was recycled for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Thus the bioactive compounds like polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids were extracted from BFPW by using the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique. The modeling and optimization of the extraction process were carried out by using the experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM). The ethanol concentration of 51.22 %, ultrasound amplitude of 51.45 %, and ultrasound treatment time of 6.11 minutes were obtained to be an RSM optimized values of extraction process variables. The lower values of root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) and higher values of coefficient of determination (R2) indicated admissibility and acceptability of RSM. This extraction process of bioactive compounds has the potential to implement it on an industrial scale for the formulation of food additives and medicines.

scholarly journals Comparison between Fermentation and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction: Which Is the Most Efficient Method to Obtain Antioxidant Polyphenols from Sambucus nigra and Punicagranatum Fruits?

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Luana Beatriz dos Santos Nascimento ◽  
Antonella Gori ◽  
Ilaria Degano ◽  
Alessandro Mandoli ◽  
Francesco Ferrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Quercetin Derivatives ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Fruit extracts of Sambucus nigra L. (elderberry) and Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) have several applications in nutraceutical, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries thanks to their richness in antioxidant polyphenols, whose composition changes with the extraction method applied. We aimed to compare the efficiency of the fermentation extraction, recently applied by industries, with the ultrasound-assisted extraction–UAE, a well-known and efficient technique, on the yield of antioxidant polyphenols from elderberry fruits and pomegranate fruit-peels. Extracts were obtained by both methods, analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the antioxidant capacities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging (HRS) assays. The main compounds detected in elderberry were caffeoyl and quercetin derivatives, present in higher amounts in UAE extracts. In pomegranate, punicalagin were the main constituents, also detected in higher contents in the UAE extracts compared to fermented ones. The UAE was more suitable for extracting anthocyanins from pomegranate. In addition, higher antioxidant capacities were observed in UAE extracts, possibly due to their richness in polyphenols. Therefore, despite the recent wide applicability and the good performance of the fermentation process, the UAE may be considered more efficient for the extraction of polyphenols from S. nigra and P. granatum fruits and may be used to obtain polyphenolic antioxidant extracts to be applied by several industries.

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