scholarly journals Cognitive Keys in Psychophysical Estimation of Chemosensory Perception in University Students

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3134
Author(s):  
Laura María Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Cecilio Parra-Martínez ◽  
Tomás Eugenio Martínez-García ◽  
Concha Martínez-García
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Chemosensory Perception ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Group

Psychophysical methods allow us to measure the relationship between stimuli and sensory perception. Of these, Detection Threshold (DT) allows us to know the minimum concentration to produce taste identification. Given this, we wonder whether, for example, wine tasting experts are more capable of perceiving their sensory properties than other people, or whether they can distinguish them because they are better able to “describe” them. To verify this, this study analyses the influence of having prior knowledge of the name astringency and, failing that, to detect it and distinguish it between the four basic tastes. One-hundred-and-sixty-two university students with an average age of 19.43 (SD = 2.55) years were assigned to three experimental conditions: an experimental group (G.2) without previous knowledge of the name astringency and with alimentary satiety, and two control groups, both with previous knowledge of the name, these being G.1, with satiety, and G.3, with hunger. DT was collected for the four basic tastes and astringencies. Results showed significant differences in the identification of astringency, being the least identified experimental group with respect to the control groups. It is striking that G.2, without prior knowledge of the name, identified astringency as a bitter taste in most cases. This supports our hypothesis of the importance of attending to linguistic cognitive processes when psychophysically estimating taste in humans.

scholarly journals Forgiveness and Forgiveness Flexibility among University Students: An Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Ayca Delibalta ◽  
Ezgi Caglar ◽  
Sinem Evin Akbay
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Group Counseling ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Parametric Methods ◽  
Counseling Program ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed to understand the effectiveness of Forgiveness Group Therapy on forgiveness and forgiveness flexibility levels among university students. 16 students who studied at Mersin University joined the study. Enright’s Process Model of Psychological Forgiveness Scale was utilized when the program is designed. The group counseling program was conducted in the presence of two psychological counselors and a supervisor. The Heartland Forgiveness Scale and Forgiveness Flexibility Scale were used to gather data. The main purpose of that program was forgive to others. To analyze the effectiveness of the Forgiveness Group Counseling Therapy on forgiveness and forgiveness flexibility, the experimental design was implied. Pre and post-test were implied to two groups which were experimental and control groups. The data which collected owing to scales was analyzed by using non-parametric methods in SPSS program. The results showed that forgiveness the others and forgiveness flexibility increased for the experimental group while forgiveness of self and forgiveness of the situation wasn’t.

scholarly journals Psychological direction of the formation of multicultural values

2021 ◽  
pp. 620-637
Author(s):  
Jabbarov Rashid Vakil
Keyword(s):  
Social Activism ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
State University ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Learning Success ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Group

The article examines the relationship between the development of multicultural values in students and various factors, including the level of self-realization, learning success, the nature of interests, social activism. The study was conducted on 160 students of Baku State University. In the study, experimental and control groups were selected and implemented in two phases. During the research, modern teaching methods and other techniques were used to develop multicultural values. A comparative analysis of the first and second stages showed that the level of self-realization with multicultural values, the nature of interests, the increase in learning success, and the relationship with social activism are two-way. That is, raising the level of self-realization, increasing the activity of demands in public affairs, as well as the formation of new interests, increasing the success of training is one of the main conditions for the development of multicultural values. The study showed that in the experimental group there is a correlation between learning achievements, self-realization and social activity and multicultural values (r = 0.0391, p = 0.014; r = 6.136, p = 0.044; r = 4.132, p = 0.048). The study concludes that the development of multicultural values can be achieved through the achievement of the highest results, capacity building and social activism.

Study of Effect on Soil Salinity and Respiration Intensity by the Straw Compost

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 245-248
Author(s):  
Xin Feng ◽  
Xiao Fei Zhou ◽  
Yu Hang Pei ◽  
Yan Hui Ge ◽  
Yu Hong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Respiration Intensity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Salinity Increase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Experiment Analysis

After the straw fermentation and add in soil for pot experiment, analysis of the soil pH, salinity, respiration intensity, and the relationship between soil pH and respiration intensity, salinity and respiration intensity before and after pot, concluded: pot under experimental conditions help to reduce soil pH and salinity, increase soil respiration intensity, soil pH, salinity and soil respiration intensity trends reverse. Experimental results show that the conditions for the experimental group 19-27 are more conducive to low soil pH and salinity, increase soil respiration intensity, and to improve soil properties, making it suitable for crop growth.

scholarly journals Multiple Intelligences-Related Projects and EFL University Students’ Autonomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Tran Ba Tien ◽  
Le Thi Tuyet Hanh
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
The Relationship

This experimental research investigates the relationship between multiple intelligences (MI)-related projects and EFL learners’ autonomy. The experiment was conducted at Vinh University, involving 59 non-English majored students. Autonomy tests, project rubrics, and project questionnaires were employed to collect the data for analysis. The findings showed that after fifteen weeks of treatment with five projects the students involved in MI projects were more self-controlled in exploiting information sources, learning process and language learning than students in the control groups. The experiment groups also showed students’ significant increased motivation in MI projects.

scholarly journals The effects of a sled push at different loads on 20 metre sprint time in well-trained soccer players

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Grimes ◽  
Jorge Arede ◽  
Benjamin Drury ◽  
Steve Thompson ◽  
John Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study determined the effects of a single sled push at different loads on sprint performance in competitive male soccer players. Twenty male competitive outfield soccer players (age 19.6±1.3y, body mass 73.6±8.2kg) were split into experimental (n=10) and control groups. In the experimental group, 20m linear sprint time was measured immediately before and 5, 6 and 7minutes after the sled push with either 50 or 100% body mass. The control group performed the 20m sprints only. A repeated measures ANOVA comparing control and experimental groups revealed no effects of time, group or time by group interaction for either experimental condition (all P>0.05). The repeated measures ANOVA compared the experimental conditions revealed effects of time (P=0.034) and group (P=0.002), but not time by group (P>0.05). The effects sizes demonstrated within group effects on sprint time that were small to moderate (-0.26 to 0.71) and trivial to small (-0.31 to 0.09) for the 50% and 100% body mass condition, respectively. These findings demonstrate that a sled push has no significant effect on 20 m sprint time in competitive footballers. If coaches continue to prescribed a sled push before sprinting, a single 15 m push with 50% body mass could have positive benefits.

scholarly journals Effects of the Patience Training Program on Patience and Well-Being Levels of University Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Eliüşük Bülbül ◽  
Gökhan Izgar
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Education Faculty ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Education Training ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

In this study, the effect of patience training on patience and well-being levels of university students was examined. The sample group of the study consisted of 1.2.3. and 4th grade students with a total of 30 students from Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Ereğli Education Faculty. For the collection of data, the Patience Scale developed by Schnitker (2010) and adapted to Turkish by Eliüşük and Arslan (2016) and the PERMA Well-being Scale developed by Kern (2015) and adapted to Turkish by Eliüşük (2016) was used. The measuring tools were applied to the experimental and control groups three times; the first before, the second one week after the and third three months after the end of the application. In the study, a patience education training consisting of 10 sessions was applied to the experimental group. No training was given to the control group. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon tests were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analyzes made at the end of the practice; significant differences where observed in individuals patience levels but no meaningful changes were seen in the well-being levels.

Relationship between total plasma homocysteine and the risk of aneurysms – a meta-analysis

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanji Zhang ◽  
Dexin Yin ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yezhou Li ◽  
Dejiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

Summary: Our meta-analysis focused on the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the incidence of aneurysms and looked at the relationship between smoking, hypertension and aneurysms. A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (up to March 31, 2020) resulted in the identification of 19 studies, including 2,629 aneurysm patients and 6,497 healthy participants. Combined analysis of the included studies showed that number of smoking, hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in aneurysm patients was higher than that in the control groups, and the total plasma Hcy level in aneurysm patients was also higher. These findings suggest that smoking, hypertension and HHcy may be risk factors for the development and progression of aneurysms. Although the heterogeneity of meta-analysis was significant, it was found that the heterogeneity might come from the difference between race and disease species through subgroup analysis. Large-scale randomized controlled studies of single species and single disease species are needed in the future to supplement the accuracy of the results.

Emotion Appraisals Predict Neuroticism and Extraversion

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Andrew Comensoli ◽  
Carolyn MacCann
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
The State ◽  
The Relationship

The current study proposes and refines the Appraisals in Personality (AIP) model in a multilevel investigation of whether appraisal dimensions of emotion predict differences in state neuroticism and extraversion. University students (N = 151) completed a five-factor measure of trait personality, and retrospectively reported seven situations from the previous week, giving state personality and appraisal ratings for each situation. Results indicated that: (a) trait neuroticism and extraversion predicted average levels of state neuroticism and extraversion respectively, and (b) five of the examined appraisal dimensions predicted one, or both of the state neuroticism and extraversion personality domains. However, trait personality did not moderate the relationship between appraisals and state personality. It is concluded that appraisal dimensions of emotion may provide a useful taxonomy for quantifying and comparing situations, and predicting state personality.

Authoritative Maternal Parenting Associates With the Explicit Need for Autonomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Retrospective Design ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Paternal Parenting ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Previous research suggests that parenting style influences the development of the needs for achievement, power, and affiliation. The present study investigated the relationship between parenting style and another important motive disposition – the need for autonomy – in a sample of Singapore university students ( N = 97, 69% female), using a cross-sectional and retrospective design. It was predicted that an authoritative perceived parenting style would relate positively to the implicit need for autonomy ( nAut), the explicit need for autonomy ( sanAut), and the congruence between these two motive dispositions. Authoritative maternal parenting was found to positively associate with sanAut, while maternal parenting was not found to associate with nAut, or with nAut/ sanAut congruence. Paternal parenting was not associated with any of the dependent variables.

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