scholarly journals Insights into the Host-Pathogen Interaction Pathways through RNA-Seq Analysis of Lens culinaris Medik. in Response to Rhizoctonia bataticola Infection

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Gyan P. Mishra ◽  
Muraleedhar S. Aski ◽  
Tejas Bosamia ◽  
Shiksha Chaurasia ◽  
Dwijesh Chandra Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Rhizoctonia Bataticola ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Related Proteins

Dry root rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola) is an important disease of lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.).To gain an insight into the molecular aspects of host-pathogen interactions, the RNA-seq approach was used in lentils following inoculation with R.bataticola. The RNA-Seq has generated >450 million high-quality reads (HQRs) and nearly 96.97% were properly aligned to the reference genome. Very high similarity in FPKM (fragments per kilobase of exon per million mapped fragments) values (R > 0.9) among biological replicates showed the consistency of the RNA-Seq results. The study revealed various DEGs (differentially expressed genes) that were associated with changes in phenolic compounds, transcription factors (TFs), antioxidants, receptor kinases, hormone signals which corresponded to the cell wall modification enzymes, defense-related metabolites, and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) pathways. Gene ontology (GO) categorization also showed similar kinds of significantly enriched similar GO terms. Interestingly, of the total unigenes (42,606), 12,648 got assembled and showed significant hit with Rhizoctonia species. String analysis also revealed the role of various disease responsive proteins viz., LRR family proteins, LRR-RLKs, protein kinases, etc. in the host-pathogen interaction. Insilico validation analysis was performed using Genevestigator® and DEGs belonging to six major defense-response groups viz., defense-related enzymes, disease responsive genes, hormones, kinases, PR (pathogenesis related) proteins, and TFs were validated. For the first time some key miRNA targets viz. miR156, miR159, miR167, miR169, and miR482 were identified from the studied transcriptome, which may have some vital role in Rhizoctonia-based responses in lentils. The study has revealed the molecular mechanisms of the lentil/R.bataticola interactions and also provided a theoretical approach for the development of lentil genotypes resistant to R.bataticola.

scholarly journals BacA, an ABC Transporter Involved in Maintenance of Chronic Murine Infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Domenech ◽  
Hajime Kobayashi ◽  
Kristin LeVier ◽  
Graham C. Walker ◽  
Clifton E. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Ultimate Outcome ◽  
Inner Membrane Protein ◽  
Related Proteins

ABSTRACT BacA is an inner membrane protein associated with maintenance of chronic infections in several diverse host-pathogen interactions. To understand the function of the bacA gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Rv1819c), we insertionally inactivated this gene and analyzed the resulting mutant for a variety of phenotypes. BacA deficiency in M. tuberculosis did not affect sensitivity to detergents, acidic pH, and zinc, indicating that there was no global compromise in membrane integrity, and a comprehensive evaluation of the major lipid constituents of the cell envelope failed to reveal any significant differences. Infection of mice with this mutant revealed no impact on establishment of infection but a profound effect on maintenance of extended chronic infection and ultimate outcome. As in alphaproteobacteria, deletion of BacA in M. tuberculosis led to increased bleomycin resistance, and heterologous expression of the M. tuberculosis BacA homolog in Escherichia coli conferred sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides. These results suggest a striking conservation of function for BacA-related proteins in transport of a critical molecule that determines the outcome of the host-pathogen interaction.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Complex Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pests, Pathogens Resistance and Seed Development in Wild and Cultivated Blackgram

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Raizada ◽  
Souframanien Jegadeesan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Legume Production ◽  
Related Proteins

AbstractBlackgram is a widely cultivated pulse crop in Asia. Bruchid pests and yellow mosaic disease (YMD) causes huge loss in legume production including blackgram. Blackgram wild accession (Vigna mungo var. silvestris), Trombay wild urd (INGR10133) conferred resistance to bruchids especially Callosobruchus maculatus, through antibiosis. However, the mechanisms still remains uncharacterized. We performed the comparative transcriptome analysis of the developing seeds of wild and cultivated blackgram with contrasting phenotypes for 3 traits, bruchids infestation, YMD and seed size. In this study,715differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were re-annotated with reference to NCBI nr database. RNA-Seq was validated by quantitative real-time PCR for 22 DEGs. In Trombay wild, defense related components such as acid phosphatase, vicilins, trypsin inhibitor, brassinosteroid signalling components were found up-regulated. While in cultivar, transcripts for LEA, cysteine protease, autophagy related proteins(ATG3, ATG5, ATG8C and ATG1t), DnaJ, tobamovirus multiplication protein, downy mildew resistance protein, LRR/F-box proteins were found up-regulated. In TW, three transcripts were found common for both bruchids pest and geminivirus resistance (LRR receptor kinase, transmembrane protein 87b and thaumatin like protein).Our study is the first report on transcriptomic differences between wild and cultivated blackgram with new insights into the molecular networks underlying seed development, resistance to pests and pathogens.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Korla Fragrant Pear Reveals a Comprehensive Signaling Network in Response to Alternaria alternata Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 1173-1186
Author(s):  
Hui Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Effector Triggered Immunity ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Related Proteins

Blackhead caused by Alternaria alternata is a fatal necrotrophic fungal that affects Korla fragrant pear. To date, little is known at the molecular level about the defense response of pear to blackhead disease and the pathogenic mechanism of A. alternata infection. To investigate the specific host-pathogen interaction between A. alternata and pear, we examined the accumulation of host-responsive mRNAs using RNA-seq technology. A total of 25,877 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Further analysis revealed that the DEGs mainly participate in plant cell wall integrity, plant hormone pathways, plant-pathogen interactions and the defense response (transcription factors, defense-related proteins). Most of the DEGs involved in the plant hormone, PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) pathways, as well as defense-related proteins, were significantly up-regulated. In addition, DEGs encoding enzymes involved in cutin and wax synthesis and most transcription factors are significantly down-regulated. Based on these results, we speculate that these pathways play important roles in the response of pear to A. alternata. This study has presented new insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate the response of pear fruits to A. alternata infection. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Transcriptome profiling of differentially expressed genes of male and female inflorescences in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Genome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Liu ◽  
Haoying Wang ◽  
Zhaosheng Xu ◽  
Helong Zhang ◽  
Guoliang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is commonly considered a dioecious plant with heterogametic (XY) and homogametic (XX) sex chromosomes. The characteristic is also utilized for the production of spinach hybrid seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms of sex determination in spinach are still unclear because of a lack of genomic and transcriptomic information. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in male and female inflorescences to provide insight into the molecular basis of sex determination in spinach. Comparative transcriptome analyses showed that 2,278 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between male and female inflorescences. A high correlation between the RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR validation for DEGs was observed. Among these, 182 DEGs were annotated to transcription factors including the MYB family protein, bHLH family, and MADS family, suggesting these factors might play a vital role in sex determination. Moreover, 26 DEGs related to flower development, including nine ABCE class genes, were detected. Expression analyses of hormone pathways showed that brassinosteroids may be key hormones related to sex determination in spinach. Overall, this study provides a large amount of DEGs related to sexual expression and lays a foundation for unraveling the regulatory mechanism of sex determination in spinach.

scholarly journals The Impact of Hypoxia on the Host-Pathogen Interaction between Neutrophils and Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia H Hajdamowicz ◽  
Rebecca C Hull ◽  
Simon J Foster ◽  
Alison M Condliffe
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bactericidal Function

Neutrophils are key to host defence, and impaired neutrophil function predisposes to infection with an array of pathogens, with Staphylococcus aureus a common and sometimes life-threatening problem in this setting. Both infiltrating immune cells and replicating bacteria consume oxygen, contributing to the profound tissue hypoxia that characterises sites of infection. Hypoxia in turn has a dramatic effect on both neutrophil bactericidal function and the properties of S. aureus, including the production of virulence factors. Hypoxia thereby shapes the host–pathogen interaction and the progression of infection, for example promoting intracellular bacterial persistence, enabling local tissue destruction with the formation of an encaging abscess capsule, and facilitating the establishment and propagation of bacterial biofilms which block the access of host immune cells. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying host–pathogen interactions in the setting of hypoxia will enable better understanding of persistent and recalcitrant infections due to S. aureus and may uncover novel therapeutic targets and strategies.

scholarly journals Temporal changes in transcriptome profile provide insights of White Spot Syndrome Virus infection in Litopenaeus vannamei

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Peruzza ◽  
M. S. Shekhar ◽  
K. Vinaya Kumar ◽  
A. Swathi ◽  
K. Karthic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Virus Interaction ◽  
And Control ◽  
Single Time Point

Abstract Shrimp aquaculture is severely affected by WSSV. Despite an increasing effort to understand host/virus interaction by characterizing changes in gene expression (GE) following WSSV infection, the majority of published studies have focussed on a single time-point, providing limited insight on the development of host-pathogen interaction over the infection cycle. Using RNA-seq, we contrasted GE in gills of Litopenaeus vannamei at 1.5, 18 and 56 hours-post-infection (hpi), between WSSV-challenged and control shrimps. Time course analysis revealed 5097 differentially expressed genes: 63 DEGs were viral genes and their expression in WSSV group either peaked at 18 hpi (and decreased at 56 hpi) or increased linearly up to 56 hpi, suggesting a different role played by these genes during the course of infection. The remaining DEGs showed that WSSV altered the expression of metabolic, immune, apoptotic and cytoskeletal genes and was able to inhibit NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways. Interestingly, GE changes were not consistent through the course of infection but were dynamic with time, suggesting the complexity of host-pathogen interaction. These data offer novel insights into the cellular functions that are affected during the course of infection and ultimately provide a valuable resource towards our understanding of the host-pathogen dynamics and its variation with time.

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