scholarly journals The Impact of Hemodialysis on Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Gait and Role of Exercise: A Systematic Review

Healthcare ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Anuradha Sawant ◽  
Tom Overend
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use: an updated systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e031598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Meernik ◽  
Hannah M Baker ◽  
Sarah D Kowitt ◽  
Leah M Ranney ◽  
Adam O Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Product Appeal ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesGiven the exponential increase in the use of e-cigarettes among younger age groups and in the growth in research on e-cigarette flavours, we conducted a systematic review examining the impact of non-menthol flavoured e-cigarettes on e-cigarette perceptions and use among youth and adults.DesignPubMed, Embase, PyscINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies published and indexed through March 2018.Eligibility criteriaQuantitative observational and experimental studies that assessed the effect of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use behaviours were included. Specific outcome measures assessed are appeal, reasons for use, risk perceptions, susceptibility, intention to try, initiation, preference, current use, quit intentions and cessation.Data extraction and synthesisThree authors independently extracted data related to the impact of flavours in tobacco products. Data from a previous review were then combined with those from the updated review for final analysis. Results were then grouped and analysed by outcome measure.ResultsThe review included 51 articles for synthesis, including 17 published up to 2016 and an additional 34 published between 2016 and 2018. Results indicate that non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes decrease harm perceptions (five studies) and increase willingness to try and initiation of e-cigarettes (six studies). Among adults, e-cigarette flavours increase product appeal (seven studies) and are a primary reason many adults use the product (five studies). The role of flavoured e-cigarettes on smoking cessation remains unclear (six studies).ConclusionThis review provides summary data on the role of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarette perceptions and use. Consistent evidence shows that flavours attract both youth and adults to use e-cigarettes. Given the clear findings that such flavours increase product appeal, willingness to try and initiation among youth, banning non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes may reduce youth e-cigarette use. Longitudinal research is needed to examine any role flavours may play in quit behaviours among adults.

scholarly journals The Effect of Anakinra in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4462
Author(s):  
Konstantinos G. Kyriakoulis ◽  
Anastasios Kollias ◽  
Garyphallia Poulakou ◽  
Ioannis G. Kyriakoulis ◽  
Ioannis P. Trontzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Impact

The role of immunomodulatory agents in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 has been of increasing interest. Anakinra, an interleukin-1 inhibitor, has been shown to offer significant clinical benefits in patients with COVID-19 and hyperinflammation. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the impact of anakinra on the outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was conducted. Studies, randomized or non-randomized with adjustment for confounders, reporting on the adjusted risk of death in patients treated with anakinra versus those not treated with anakinra were deemed eligible. A search was performed in PubMed/EMBASE databases, as well as in relevant websites, until 1 August 2021. The meta-analysis of six studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria (n = 1553 patients with moderate to severe pneumonia, weighted age 64 years, men 66%, treated with anakinra 50%, intubated 3%) showed a pooled hazard ratio for death in patients treated with anakinra at 0.47 (95% confidence intervals 0.34, 0.65). A meta-regression analysis did not reveal any significant associations between the mean age, percentage of males, mean baseline C-reactive protein levels, mean time of administration since symptoms onset among the included studies and the hazard ratios for death. All studies were considered as low risk of bias. The current evidence, although derived mainly from observational studies, supports a beneficial role of anakinra in the treatment of selected patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Experiences of Self-Monitoring in Self-Directed Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce ◽  
Anne-Marie Boylan ◽  
Susan A. Jebb ◽  
Paul Aveyard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Thematic Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

The experience and role of self-monitoring in self-directed weight loss attempts may be distinctly different from that within formal interventions, and has yet to be fully explored. We systematically reviewed qualitative studies to examine experiences of self-monitoring as an aid to self-directed weight loss. Thematic synthesis was used to construct descriptive and analytical themes from the available data. In all, 22 studies (681 participants) were included, in which the uses of self-monitoring ranged from an aid to increase adherence to a tool for facilitating analysis. Self-monitoring also influenced and was influenced by self-perception and emotions. Feelings of shame were linked with abandonment of efforts. Findings highlight the centrality of interpretation of self-monitored data, the implications this interpretation has on sense of self, and the impact of broader discourses. Explicitly framing self-monitoring as a positive tool with which to aid analysis may encourage helpful use of this technique.

scholarly journals A Rapid Systematic Review Exploring the Involvement of Medical Students in Pandemics and Other Global Health Emergencies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Anastasia Martin ◽  
Iris Martine Blom ◽  
Gemma Whyatt ◽  
Raghav Shaunak ◽  
Maria Inês Francisco Viva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives: The role of medical students in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly evolving. The aim of this review is to explore the involvement of medical students in past global health emergencies, to help inform current and future scenarios. Methods: A rapid systematic review was undertaken, including articles from online databases discussing the roles, willingness and appropriateness of medical student involvement in global health emergencies. Data were extracted, appraised and written up as a narrative synthesis. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020177231). Results: Twenty-eight articles were included. Medical students played a wide variety of clinical and nonclinical roles including education and logistics, although medical assistance was the most commonly reported role. Challenges included a lack of preparedness and negative mental health impacts. A total of 91.7% of included articles about willingness found medical students were more willing to be involved than not. Conclusions: This review shows medical students are capable and willing to be involved in global health emergencies. However, there should be clear protocols for the roles that they play, taking into account the appropriateness. As a rapid review, there were study limitations and more research is required regarding the impact of these roles on medical students and the system.

scholarly journals Interprofessional collaboration and chronicity management: a systematic review of clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Pascucci ◽  
M T Riccardi ◽  
M Sapienza ◽  
M C Nurchis ◽  
W Ricciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The increasing prevalence of chronic disease generates significant financial, social and psychosocial burden for patients, families and healthcare system. Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is becoming recognized as a discipline among health and social care professionals and medical training institutions worldwide. Literature research suggests that following interventions could be particularly useful in the management of chronic patients. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the impact of IPC on chronic patients compared to standard health-care practice. The PICO model was adopted and three electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science) were searched using appropriate keywords. Selected trials were assessed for quality and risk of bias using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment of Controlled Intervention Studies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, and comparison of outcomes among teams with or without pharmacist was performed using t-Student test (p < 0,05). Out of 11.128, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and 58 indicators were identified: 62% improved significantly, 38% did not show any variation, no indicator worsened after intervention. In particular, systolic blood pressure (SBP) showed a statistically significant improvement in 70.0 % of trials in which was considered while did not show any difference in the rest. The presence of a pharmacist in the team show a statistically significant improvement on SBP (p = 0,002) in patients with hypertension while no statistically significant effect is observed on glycated hemoglobin (p = 0,193) in diabetics. The results support that IPC contributes to positive patient, provider and institutional level outcomes, in particular for chronic conditions. Future research should focus on the inclusion of patient/caregivers in the collaborative team, and on the role of interprofessional education (IPE) on collaborative practice in the management of the patient with chronicity. Key messages IPC is an innovative strategy to address the complex health needs of chronic populations. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of IPE in achieving better IPC and improving chronic patients’ outcomes.

scholarly journals Calculation and Research of Space-Temporal Characteristics of Attack Abrases of Asteroids by Orbital Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1462-1490
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Minakov ◽  
Boris Sokolov ◽  
Sergey Shaldaev ◽  
Maksim Aleksandrov
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Nodal Points ◽  
Phase Coordinates ◽  
Asteroid Hazard ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

A development of work to combat the asteroid hazard requires construction and study of areas of outer space in which moving spacecraft-interceptors can affect asteroids. In this paper, such areas are called attack lines, the spatio-temporal characteristics of which depend on the parameters of the asteroid’s orbits and the phase coordinates of the nodal points. At these points the trajectory intersects the asteroids and the orbital planes of the spacecraft-interceptors. In the case of the impact of spacecraft-interceptors on asteroids at nodal points, the study of the spatio-temporal characteristics of the lines of attack, taking into account restrictions on the relative speeds between asteroids and spacecraft-interceptors, is of particular importance. Building and analyzing the corresponding zones of reverse reach are suggested. In the article, the developed models include a simulation model, using which random angles between the projections of the velocity vectors of asteroids on a plane of the orbits of spacecraft-interceptors and the current directions on the hodographs of their velocity vectors at nodal points, as well as an analytical model for estimating the spatio-temporal characteristics of boundaries are simulated attacks of asteroids, including: the radii of their external and internal boundaries for certain values of the latitude arguments and arrival time of spacecraft-interceptors at modal points. Testing these models and the corresponding characteristics of the attack lines were carries out during computational experiments on two cyclic modeling of the angles between the projections of the velocity vectors of asteroids on the plane of the orbits of interceptor spacecraft and the current directions on the hodographs of their velocity vectors at nodal points. The results obtained made it possible to verify and validate the developed models, on the basis of which a conclusion was drawn about the required degree of their applicability. In the paper also a procedure for estimating the parameters of attack lines, depending on the values of the arguments of the latitudes of interceptor spacecraft and their altitudes above the Earth's surface is proposed. At the same time, an approach is substantiated for estimating the spatio-temporal characteristics of the boundaries of attack of asteroids by spacecraft-interceptors for any inside the planar parameters of their orbits.

scholarly journals The Role of Machine Learning Techniques to Tackle COVID-19 Crisis: A Systematic Review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Bareen Syeda ◽  
Mahanazuddin Syed ◽  
Kevin Wayne Sexton ◽  
Shorabuddin Syed ◽  
Salma Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Background: The novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 has caused havoc with patients presenting a spectrum of complications forcing the healthcare experts around the globe to explore new technological solutions, and treatment plans. Machine learning (ML) based technologies have played a substantial role in solving complex problems, and several organizations have been swift to adopt and customize them in response to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review on the role of ML as a comprehensive and decisive technology to fight the COVID-19 crisis in the arena of epidemiology, diagnosis, and disease progression. Methods: A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to identify all potentially relevant studies published and made available between December 1, 2019, and June 27, 2020. The search syntax was built using keywords specific to COVID-19 and ML. A total of 128 qualified articles were reviewed and analyzed based on the study objectives. Results: The 128 publications selected were classified into three themes based on ML applications employed to combat the COVID-19 crisis: Computational Epidemiology (CE), Early Detection and Diagnosis (EDD), and Disease Progression (DP). Of the 128 studies, 70 focused on predicting the outbreak, the impact of containment policies, and potential drug discoveries, which were grouped into the CE theme. For the EDD, we grouped forty studies that applied ML techniques to detect the presence of COVID-19 using the patient's radiological images or lab results. Eighteen publications that focused on predicting the disease progression, outcomes (recovery and mortality), Length of Stay (LOS), and number of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) days for COVID-19 positive patients were classified under the DP theme. Conclusions: In this systematic review, we assembled the current COVID-19 literature that utilized ML methods to provide insights into the COVID-19 themes, highlighting the important variables, data types, and available COVID-19 resources that can assist in facilitating clinical and translational research.

Edible Medicinal Plants on Facilitating Childbirth: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rahmani Ivari ◽  
Atiyeh Mohamadzadeh Vatanchi ◽  
Mahdi Yousefi ◽  
Fateme Badaksh ◽  
Roshanak Salari
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Date Syrup ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Plant Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labor Onset ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: Despite advances and the availability of newer drugs to facilitate childbirth, the interest in using natural treatments is on the rise. More than 20 percent of pregnancies require induction of labor, which is associated with side effects and increased risk of cesarean surgery. For this reason, the use of medicinal plants is considered healthier. Objective: The present study is a systematic review of the role of oral herbs in facilitating childbirth. Results: Twenty clinical trials investigated the impact of edible plants on increasing cervical readiness, stimulating labor onset, reducing pain intensity, and shortening the duration of labor. Five studies have revealed the positive impact of saffron. Two studies reported the same effect by chamomile. Three studies showed the positive impact of boiled dill seeds, and two studies showed the impact of date and date syrup. Another study reported the impact of Descurainia Sophia, and six studies also showed the positive effect of castor oil on uterine stimulation, strengthening and relieving labor pains, which eventually lead to facilitating labor. One study also showed no improvement in bishop score after consumption of primrose capsules. Conclusion: The positive effect of edible medicinal plants on facilitating childbirth has been shown in the mentioned studies. However, more studies with a larger sample size are needed, and there is also a need for a more detailed study of the possible mechanisms of plant effects.

Impact of the menstrual cycle on peripheral vascular function in premenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (6) ◽  
pp. H1327-H1337
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Williams ◽  
Emily C. Dunford ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
The Impact

Fluctuations in endogenous hormones estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle may offer vasoprotection for endothelial and smooth muscle (VSM) function. While numerous studies have been published, the results are conflicting, leaving our understanding of the impact of the menstrual cycle on vascular function unclear. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to consolidate available research exploring the role of the menstrual cycle on peripheral vascular function. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE was performed for articles evaluating peripheral endothelial and VSM function across the natural menstrual cycle: early follicular (EF) phase versus late follicular (LF), early luteal, mid luteal, or late luteal. A meta-analysis examined the effect of the menstrual cycle on the standardized mean difference (SMD) of the outcome measures. Analysis from 30 studies ( n = 1,363 women) observed a “very low” certainty of evidence that endothelial function increased in the LF phase (SMD: 0.45, P = 0.0001), with differences observed in the macrovasculature but not in the microvasculature (SMD: 0.57, P = 0.0003, I2 = 84%; SMD: 0.21, P = 0.17, I2 = 34%, respectively). However, these results are partially explained by differences in flow-mediated dilation [e.g., discrete (SMD: 0.86, P = 0.001) vs. continuous peak diameter assessment (SMD: 0.25, P = 0.30)] and/or menstrual cycle phase methodologies. There was a “very low” certainty that endothelial function was largely unchanged in the luteal phases, and VSM was unchanged across the cycle. The menstrual cycle appears to have a small effect on macrovascular endothelial function but not on microvascular or VSM function; however, these results can be partially attributed to methodological differences.

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