scholarly journals Exogenously Applied Chitosan and Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved Apple Fruit Resistance to Blue Mold, Upregulated Defense-Related Genes Expression and Maintained Fruit Quality

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Fayz A. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Gehan A. Monir ◽  
Mabrouk S. S. Hassan ◽  
Yosra Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed H. Refaat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Rot Disease

Blue rot disease caused by Penicillium expansum is one of the most widespread fungal diseases that affects apples worldwide. This work was to verify the effect of chitosan (2 and 4 g/L) and its nano-form (0.2 and 0.4 g/L) against blue rot disease on apples and their effect on the expression of six defense-related genes as well as fruit quality parameters. Regarding disease incidence, in most cases, chitosan NPs performed better as compared to their raw materials for both artificial and natural infections. The highest efficacy was obtained for chitosan NPs at 0.4 g/L for artificial and natural infection in both 2019 and 2020 seasons. All treatments kept fruit quality parameters regarding firmness, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity for artificial and natural infection in both seasons. As expected, the exogenous application of chitosan NPs and bulk form triggered an increase in the expression levels of six defense-related genes including chitinase, peroxidase, β-1,3-glucanase, Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET), pathogenesis-related protein (PR8), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase-1 (PAL1). Moreover, the highest mRNA quantity of all the studied genes was detected in leaves treated with chitosan NPs at both concentrations compared to other treatments. Chitosan NPs can be considered an eco-friendly and effective approach against blue mold of apples and can be integrated into management programs to maintain postharvest quality and extend the shelf life of fruits.

scholarly journals 440 Effects of UV-B Irradiance on Postharvest Quality and Storability of Hand-picked Rabbiteye Blueberry as Related to Maturity Stage and Harvest Time

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 469D-469
Author(s):  
Fouad M. Basiouny
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Disease Free

Blueberry fruits (Vaccinium ashie Read) of two cultivars, `Delite' and `Woodard', were hand-picked twice during the growing season (15 June and 1 July) to study the benefits of UV-B irradiance on postharvest fruit quality. After precooling, healthy, disease-free, uniform fruits were selected and exposed to UV-B irradiance (180 to 310 nm) for 24 h under cold conditions. The fruits were then kept at 2–3 °C and 90% to 95% relative humidity for 2 weeks before determining their quality parameters. Irradiated fruits were softer, wrinkled, and non-marketable compared to non-irradiated berries. UV-B had no beneficial effects on fruit quality or storability.

scholarly journals Effect of Cross-Linked Alginate/Oil Nanoemulsion Coating on Cracking and Quality Parameters of Sweet Cherries

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Camilo Gutiérrez-Jara ◽  
Cristina Bilbao-Sainz ◽  
Tara McHugh ◽  
Bor-Sen Chiou ◽  
Tina Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Vapor Transfer ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Soluble Solid

The cracking of sweet cherries causes significant crop losses. Sweet cherries (cv. Bing) were coated by electro-spraying with an edible nanoemulsion (NE) of alginate and soybean oil with or without a CaCl2 cross-linker to reduce cracking. Coated sweet cherries were stored at 4 °C for 28 d. The barrier and fruit quality properties and nutritional values of the coated cherries were evaluated and compared with those of uncoated sweet cherries. Sweet cherries coated with NE + CaCl2 increased cracking tolerance by 53% and increased firmness. However, coated sweet cherries exhibited a 10% increase in water loss after 28 d due to decreased resistance to water vapor transfer. Coated sweet cherries showed a higher soluble solid content, titratable acidity, antioxidant capacity, and total soluble phenolic content compared with uncoated sweet cherries. Therefore, the use of the NE + CaCl2 coating on sweet cherries can help reduce cracking and maintain their postharvest quality.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of two virulent Aeromonads associated with haemorrhagic septicaemia and tail-rot disease in farmed climbing perch Anabas testudineus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mazumder ◽  
Hrishikesh Choudhury ◽  
Abhinit Dey ◽  
Dandadhar Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Climbing Perch ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Biochemical Characterisation ◽  
Rot Disease

AbstractDiseased Anabas testudineus exhibiting signs of tail-rot and ulcerations on body were collected from a fish farm in Assam, India during the winter season (November 2018 to January 2019). Swabs from the infected body parts were streaked on sterilized nutrient agar. Two dominant bacterial colonies were obtained, which were then isolated and labelled as AM-31 and AM-05. Standard biochemical characterisation and 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing identified AM-31 isolate as Aeromonas hydrophila and AM-05 as Aeromonas jandaei. Symptoms similar to that of natural infection were observed on re-infecting both bacteria to disease-free A. testudineus, which confirmed their virulence. LC50 was determined at 1.3 × 104 (A. hydrophila) and 2.5 × 104 (A. jandaei) CFU per fish in intraperitoneal injection. Further, PCR amplification of specific genes responsible for virulence (aerolysin and enterotoxin) confirmed pathogenicity of both bacteria. Histopathology of kidney and liver in the experimentally-infected fishes revealed haemorrhage, tubular degeneration and vacuolation. Antibiotic profiles were also assessed for both bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is a first report on the mortality of farmed climbing perch naturally-infected by A. hydrophila as well as A. jandaei, with no records of pathogenicity of the latter in this fish.

Variation in Postharvest Quality Attributes of Fresh Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Beans Harvested from Different Crop Mulching Regime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Kannaujia ◽  
Sakharam Kale ◽  
Ajinath Dukare ◽  
Vijay Singh Meena ◽  
Prerna Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Background: Present study, aimed to assess effect of organic and inorganic crop mulching on physical, physiological and biochemical quality of fresh cowpea beans.Methods: Cowpea (cv. Kashi Kanchan bush-type) was grown during two consecutive seasons from April 2018 to July 2019 under four different mulching treatments. Mulching treatments included no mulch; wheat straw mulch (organic mulch); black mulch and silver mulch. Black and silver mulches were made of 25 microns LDPE sheet. Cowpea was grown as per standard agronomic practices and physical, biochemical and postharvest quality parameters of beans were evaluated.Result: Results indicated that bean length (28.7cm) was highest under silver mulch whereas bean thickness (9.10mm), width (9.29mm) and 100 bean weight (1094.5g) were highest under organic mulch. Likewise, protein content (28.63%), total phenolic content (17.0µg GAE/100g) and total antioxidant activity (46.84µmol trolox equiv./100g) were found highest in beans produced under organic mulch. Overall results demonstrated that crop mulching could be used for enhancing the antioxidants, phenolic content of cowpea beans.

scholarly journals The impact of location, row direction, plant density and rootstock on the sunburn damage of apple cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
M. Major ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apple Seedling ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crab Apple

The effect of row direction (N-S, E-W), plant density (conventional and intensive) and rootstock (M9, MM106 and crab apple) on the sensitivity of 41 apple cultivars to sunburn injury was studied at 6 locations (Derecske, Kálmánáaza, Nagykutas, Nagylapos, Siófok, Tornyospálca). During the observations the cultivars had rootstock-specific properties in respect of sunburn-susceptibility. Accordingly, the injury was decreased in the order: M9, MM106 and seedling rootstocks. The differences in sensitivity depend on the canopy of trees, caused finally by the growing vigour of rootstocks. Accordingly, the highest value of sunburn injury was observed on M9 rootstock, because this rootstock has a dwarfing effect upon the scion cultivars. Thus, vegetative area of these trees grow very slowly and the foliage is not enough compact to protect the fruit from solar radiation. The size and density of the foliage increased in the order: M9, MM 106 and crab apple seedling as rootstock. Moreover, relationships were demonstrated between the diameter of upper part of the crown, the leaf area, the number of fruits per tree and the injury of sunburn. Authors categorized the cultivars in respect of values of sunburn incidence: 1. „Not sensitive", II. „Moderately sensitive" and HI. „Strongly sensitive" categories were constituted. Generally, Topaz and Gala cultivars showed low damage (or were free from symptoms), in contrast to this, Golden mutants suffered relatively much. The most sensitive cultivar was Jonica on all the three rootstocks. We searched for relationship between the fruit quality parameters and the frequency of sunburn. Significant correlation was found in the cases of fruit size and the extent of cover-colour. The latter is interpreted with the fact that the best coloured fruits are found on the periphery of crown as a consequence of more intense irradiation.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Antibacterial Activity and Mode of Action of Thymol-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Plant Bacterial Pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarangapani Sreelatha ◽  
Nadimuthu Kumar ◽  
Tan Si Yin ◽  
Sarojam Rajani
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
The Impact

The bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causes black rot disease in cruciferous crops, resulting in severe yield loss worldwide. The excessive use of chemical pesticides in agriculture to control diseases has raised significant concern about the impact on the environment and human health. Nanoparticles have recently gained significant attention in agriculture owing to their promising application in plant disease control, increasing soil fertility and nutrient availability. In the current study, we synthesized thymol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (TCNPs) and assessed their antibacterial activity against Xcc. The synthesis of TCNPs was confirmed by using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the functional groups, size, and shape of TCNPs, with sizes ranging from 54 to 250 nm, respectively. The antibacterial activity of TCNPs against Xcc was investigated in vitro by liquid broth, cell viability, and live dead staining assay, and all of them demonstrated the antibacterial activity of TCNPs. Furthermore, TCNPs were found to directly inhibit the growth of Xcc by suppressing the growth of biofilm formation and the production of exopolysaccharides and xanthomonadin. The ultrastructure studies revealed membrane damage in TCNP-treated Xcc cells, causing a release of intracellular contents. Headspace/gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) analysis showed changes in the volatile profile of Xcc cells treated with TCNPs. Increased amounts of carbonyl components (mainly ketones) and production of new volatile metabolites were observed in Xcc cells incubated with TCNPs. Overall, this study reveals TCNPs as a promising antibacterial candidate against Xcc.

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