Malignant Versus Benign Tumors of the Sinonasal Cavity: A Case-Control Study on Occupational Etiology

Case-control studies on malignant sinonasal tumors and occupational risk factors are generally weakened by non-occupational confounders and the selection of suitable controls. This study aimed to confirm the association between sinonasal malignant tumors and patients’ occupations with consideration for sinonasal inverted papillomas (SNIPs) as a control group. Thirty-two patients affected by adenocarcinoma (ADC) and 21 non-adenocarcinoma epithelial tumors (NAETs) were compared to 65 patients diagnosed with SNIPs. All patients were recruited in the same clinical setting between 2004 and 2016. A questionnaire was used to collect information on non-occupational factors (age, sex, smoking, allergies, and chronic sinusitis) and occupations (wood- and leather-related occupations, textile industry, metal working). Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with selected occupations were obtained by a multinomial and exact logistic regression. Between the three groups of patients, SNIP patients were significantly younger than ADC patients (p = 0.026). The risk of NAET increased in woodworkers (OR = 9.42; CI = 1.94–45.6) and metal workers (OR = 5.65; CI = 1.12–28.6). The risk of ADC increased in wood (OR = 86.3; CI = 15.2–488) and leather workers (OR = 119.4; CI = 11.3–1258). On the exact logistic regression, the OR associated to the textile industry was 9.32 (95%CI = 1.10–Inf) for ADC, and 7.21 (95%CI = 0.55–Inf) for NAET. Comparing sinonasal malignant tumors with controls recruited from the same clinical setting allowed demonstrating an increased risk associated with multiple occupations. Well-matched samples of cases and controls reduced the confounding bias and increased the strength of the association.

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Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies, 2009–2020

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13225654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 5654

Author(s):

Agnieszka Barańska ◽

Agata Błaszczuk ◽

Wiesław Kanadys ◽

Maria Malm ◽

Katarzyna Drop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

To perform a meta-analysis of case-control studies that addressed the association between oral contraceptive pills (OC) use and breast cancer (BrCa), PubMED (MEDLINE), Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify case-control studies of OC and BrCa published between 2009 and 2020. We used the DerSimonian–Laird method to compute pooled odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs), and the Mantel–Haenszel test to assess the association between OC use and cancer. Forty-two studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria and we included a total of 110,580 women (30,778 into the BrCa group and 79,802 into the control group, of which 15,722 and 38,334 were using OC, respectively). The conducted meta-analysis showed that the use of OC was associated with a significantly increased risk of BrCa in general, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.31, p = 0.0358. Regarding other risk factors for BrCa, we found that increased risk was associated significantly with early menarche, nulliparous, non-breastfeeding, older age at first parity, postmenopause, obesity, smoking, and family history of BrCa. Despite our conclusion that birth control pills increase the cancer risk being supported by extensive previous studies and meta-analyzes, further confirmation is required.

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Oral hormone pregnancy tests and the risks of congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.16758.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1725 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carl Heneghan ◽

Jeffrey K. Aronson ◽

Elizabeth Spencer ◽

Bennett Holman ◽

Kamal R. Mahtani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Congenital Malformations ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Renal Anomalies ◽

Congenital Heart Malformations ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Oral hormone pregnancy tests (HPTs), such as Primodos, containing ethinylestradiol and high doses of norethisterone, were given to over a million women from 1958 to 1978, when Primodos was withdrawn from the market because of concerns about possible teratogenicity. We aimed to study the association between maternal exposure to oral HPTs and congenital malformations. Methods: We have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies that included data from pregnant women and were exposed to oral HPTs within the estimated first three months of pregnancy, if compared with a relevant control group. We used random-effects meta-analysis and assessed the quality of each study using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for non-randomized studies. Results: We found 16 case control studies and 10 prospective cohort studies, together including 71 330 women, of whom 4,209 were exposed to HPTs. Exposure to oral HPTs was associated with a 40% increased risk of all congenital malformations: pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.40 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.66; P<0.0001; I2 = 0%). Exposure to HPTs was associated with an increased risk of congenital heart malformations: pooled OR = 1.89 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.72; P = 0.0006; I2=0%); nervous system malformations OR = 2.98 (95% CI 1.32 to 6.76; P = 0.0109 I2 = 78%); gastrointestinal malformations, OR = 4.50 (95% CI 0.63 to 32.20; P = 0.13; I2 = 54%); musculoskeletal malformations, OR = 2.24 (95% CI 1.23 to 4.08; P= 0.009; I2 = 0%); the VACTERL syndrome (Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiovascular anomalies, Tracheoesophageal fistula, Esophageal atresia, Renal anomalies, and Limb defects), OR = 7.47 (95% CI 2.92 to 19.07; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0%). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis shows that use of oral HPTs in pregnancy is associated with increased risks of congenital malformations.

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Elevated Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 Are Associated with An Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism – a Case Control Study.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.2975.2975 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 2975-2975

Author(s):

Marinez F Matos ◽

Dayse M Lourenço ◽

Cristina M Orikaza ◽

Maria A E Noguti ◽

Vânia M Morelli

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Abstract Abstract 2975 Poster Board II-953 Background: high levels of some cytokines have been associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in some case-control studies, but not in prospective studies. However, data regarding the impact of cytokines levels on the risk of VTE are still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the risk of VTE and plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αa and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1. Materials and Methods: we studied 122 patients (96 women, 79%), with a first objectively confirmed episode of VTE and with a median age of 39.5 years (range: 21-60). Exclusion criteria were malignancy, autoimmune diseases, antiphospholipid syndrome, chronic renal or liver disease and arterial thrombosis. Patients were seen at least 1 month after the discontinuation of the anticoagulant treatment and > 7 months after the event of VTE. Control group was comprised of 131 healthy subjects (105 women, 80%), with median age of 38 years (range: 18-66), recruited via the patients from the same geographic region and ethnic background. Controls were matched for age and sex. Plasma levels of cytokines were measured by commercial ELISA and a highly sensitive assay was used to measure IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Since a high percentage of samples of IL-1β (73%), IL-10 (62%) and TNF-αa (97%) was below the lower limit of detection (LLD) of the assay, levels of these cytokines were categorized as detectable (> LLD) and not detectable (< LLD). Elevated levels of IL-6 (> 2.15pg/mL), IL-8 (> 10.11pg/mL) and MCP-1 (> 84.11pg/mL) were defined by plasma concentration of these cytokines exceeding the 90th percentile of the distribution of the control population. Results: elevated levels of IL-6 were detected in 27% of the patients with VTE in comparison with 10% (by definition) of the controls [odds ratios (OR) = 3.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.6 - 7.6]. Elevated levels of IL-8 were detected in 21% of the patients in comparison with 10% of the controls (OR = 2.5, 95%CI 1.1 - 5.6). The risk remained significant for IL-6 (OR = 2.8, 95%CI 1.2 - 6.5) and IL-8 (OR = 2.6, 95%CI 1.1 - 6.7) after adjustment for putative confounders (sex, age, body mass index, smoking and high levels of homocysteine and C-reactive protein). On the other hand, we found no significant association between VTE and elevated levels of MCP-1 (OR = 0.8, 95%CI 0.3 - 1.9) as well as detectable levels of IL-1β (OR = 0.9, 95%CI 0.5-1.6), IL-10 (OR = 1.3, 95%CI 0.8 - 2.2) and TNF-αa (OR = 6.7, 95%CI 0.8 - 56.7). In our study, patients were included at different time intervals after the VTE episode [median: 36 months (range: 7-87)]. No correlation was found between the time since the event of VTE and levels of IL-6 (rs = 0.06, P = 0.54) and IL-8 (rs= 0.07; P = 0.48). Conclusion: this study shows a significant impact of elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-8 on the risk of VTE in a relatively young population of patients. Interestingly, no association was found between the time since the event and the level of these cytokines. Taking into account the importance of the relationship between inflammation and VTE, more epidemiological data including prospective studies are required to elucidate the role of inflammation on the risk of VTE. This study was supported by FAPESP (2005/56799-0). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Oral hormone pregnancy tests and the risks of congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.16758.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1725 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carl Heneghan ◽

Jeffrey K. Aronson ◽

Elizabeth Spencer ◽

Bennett Holman ◽

Kamal R. Mahtani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Congenital Malformations ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Renal Anomalies ◽

Congenital Heart Malformations ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Oral hormone pregnancy tests (HPTs), such as Primodos, containing ethinylestradiol and high doses of norethisterone, were given to over a million women from 1958 to 1978, when Primodos was withdrawn from the market because of concerns about possible teratogenicity. We aimed to study the association between maternal exposure to oral HPTs and congenital malformations. Methods: We have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies that included data from pregnant women and were exposed to oral HPTs within the estimated first three months of pregnancy, if compared with a relevant control group. We used random-effects meta-analysis and assessed the quality of each study using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for non-randomized studies. Results: We found 16 case control studies and 10 prospective cohort studies, together including 71 330 women, of whom 4209 were exposed to HPTs. Exposure to oral HPTs was associated with a 40% increased risk of all congenital malformations: pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.40 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.66; P<0.0001; I2 = 0%). Exposure to HPTs was associated with an increased risk of congenital heart malformations: pooled OR = 1.89 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.72; P = 0.0006; I2=0%); nervous system malformations OR = 2.98 (95% CI 1.32 to 6.76; P = 0.0109 I2 = 78%); gastrointestinal malformations, OR = 4.50 (95% CI 0.63 to 32.20; P = 0.13; I2 = 54%); musculoskeletal malformations, OR = 2.24 (95% CI 1.23 to 4.08; P= 0.009; I2 = 0%); the VACTERL syndrome (Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiovascular anomalies, Tracheoesophageal fistula, Esophageal atresia, Renal anomalies, and Limb defects), OR = 7.47 (95% CI 2.92 to 19.07; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0%). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis shows that use of oral HPTs in pregnancy is associated with increased risks of congenital malformations.

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Population-Based Estimates of the Age-Specific Cumulative Risk of Breast Cancer for Pathogenic Variants in CHEK2: Findings from the Australian Breast Cancer Family Registry

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13061378 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1378

Author(s):

Tú Nguyen-Dumont ◽

James G. Dowty ◽

Jason A. Steen ◽

Anne-Laure Renault ◽

Fleur Hammet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cumulative Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Cancer Information ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Breast Cancer Family ◽

Pathogenic Variants ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Family

Case-control studies of breast cancer have consistently shown that pathogenic variants in CHEK2 are associated with about a 3-fold increased risk of breast cancer. Information about the recurrent protein-truncating variant CHEK2 c.1100delC dominates this estimate. There have been no formal estimates of age-specific cumulative risk of breast cancer for all CHEK2 pathogenic (including likely pathogenic) variants combined. We conducted a population-based case-control-family study of pathogenic CHEK2 variants (26 families, 1071 relatives) and estimated the age-specific cumulative risk of breast cancer using segregation analysis. The estimated hazard ratio for carriers of pathogenic CHEK2 variants (combined) was 4.9 (95% CI 2.5–9.5) relative to non-carriers. The HR for carriers of the CHEK2 c.1100delC variant was estimated to be 3.5 (95% CI 1.02–11.6) and the HR for carriers of all other CHEK2 variants combined was estimated to be 5.7 (95% CI 2.5–12.9). The age-specific cumulative risk of breast cancer was estimated to be 18% (95% CI 11–30%) and 33% (95% CI 21–48%) to age 60 and 80 years, respectively. These findings provide important information for the clinical management of breast cancer risk for women carrying pathogenic variants in CHEK2.

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Risk factors and outcomes of postoperative emergency response team activation: a matched case-control study

Critical Care and Resuscitation ◽

10.51893/2020.1.oa1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 6-14

Author(s):

Matthew I Hardman ◽

◽

S Chandralekha Kruthiventi ◽

Michelle R Schmugge ◽

Alexandre N Cavalcante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Postoperative Complications ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Response Team ◽

Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine patient and perioperative characteristics associated with unexpected postoperative clinical deterioration as determined for the need of a postoperative emergency response team (ERT) activation. DESIGN: Retrospective case–control study. SETTING: Tertiary academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who underwent general anaesthesia discharged to regular wards between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 and required ERT activation within 48 postoperative hours. Controls were matched based on age, sex and procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline patient and perioperative characteristics were abstracted to develop a multiple logistic regression model to assess for potential associations for increased risk for postoperative ERT. RESULTS: Among 105 345 patients, 797 had ERT calls, with a rate of 7.6 (95% CI, 7.1–8.1) calls per 1000 anaesthetics (0.76%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the following risk factors for postoperative ERT: cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.18–2.18), neurological disease (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11–2.22), preoperative gabapentin (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.17–2.20), longer surgical duration (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11, per 30 min), emergency procedure (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09–2.18), and intraoperative use of colloids (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17–1.92). Compared with control participants, ERT patients had a longer hospital stay, a higher rate of admissions to critical care (55.5%), increased postoperative complications, and a higher 30-day mortality rate (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.73–6.54). CONCLUSION: We identified several patient and procedural characteristics associated with increased likelihood of postoperative ERT activation. ERT intervention is a marker for increased rates of postoperative complications and death.

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A prospective case control study of the effects of oligohydramnios on fetomaternal outcome in mothers with term pregnancy in a rural medical college

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184534 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 4706

Author(s):

Dipak Mandi ◽

Sayantan Sen ◽

Vasundhara Goswami

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Perinatal Complications ◽

Medical College ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nicu Admission

Background: The aim of the current study was to assess the fetomaternal effects of oligohydramnios on term pregnancies in a rural tertiary care setup.Methods: A perspective case control hospital-based trial was conducted at Burdwan Medical College and Hospital for a period of one year. Pregnancies at term (37-42 weeks) were included in the study. 103 patients with sonographically diagnosed oligohydramnios were included in the case group. The control group comprised of 103 mothers at term with normal liquor volume. Demographic data and fetomaternal outcome parameters were assessed and compared.Results: There was increased incidence of fetal and perinatal complications including low birth weight, birth asphyxia and NICU admission. There were more perinatal deaths in the case group compared to the control group. Induction of labour, operative delivery, meconium stained liquor and incidence of preeclampsia were also increased in mothers with low AFI.Conclusions: Oligohydramnios is associated with an increased risk of labour and perinatal complications. Adequate antenatal surveillance and intranatal monitoring coupled with correction of underly-ing factors is the mainstay of management.

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Relevance of hMLH1 -93G>A, 655A>G and 1151T>A polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 38 case-control studies

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.64.10.942 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 942-951 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Zare ◽

Jamal Jafari-Nedooshan ◽

Mohammadali Jafari ◽

Hossein Neamatzadeh ◽

Seyed Mojtaba Abolbaghaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Susceptibility ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Asian Population ◽

Case Control ◽

Biomedical Literature ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Comprehensive Search ◽

Meta Analyses

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: There has been increasing interest in the study of the association between human mutL homolog 1 (hMLH1) gene polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, results from previous studies are inconclusive. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to derive a more precise estimation of the effects of this gene. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature databases until January 1, 2018. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of the association. RESULTS: Finally, 38 case-control studies in 32 publications were identified met our inclusion criteria. There were 14 studies with 20668 cases and 19533 controls on hMLH1 −93G>A, 11 studies with 5,786 cases and 8,867 controls on 655A>G and 5 studies with 1409 cases and 1637 controls on 1151T>A polymorphism. The combined results showed that 655A>G and 1151T>A polymorphisms were significantly associated with CRC risk, whereas −93G>A polymorphism was not significantly associated with CRC risk. As for ethnicity, −93G>A and 655A>G polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of CRC among Asians, but not among Caucasians. More interestingly, subgroup analysis indicated that 655A>G might raise CRC risk in PCR-RFLP and HB subgroups. CONCLUSION: Inconsistent with previous meta-analyses, this meta-analysis shows that the hMLH1 655A>G and 1151T>A polymorphisms might be risk factors for CRC. Moreover, the −93G>A polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility of CRC in Asian population.

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Power and sample size for multivariate logistic modeling of unmatched case-control studies

Statistical Methods in Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0962280217737157 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 822-834

Author(s):

Mitchell H Gail ◽

Sebastien Haneuse

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Sample Size ◽

Case Control ◽

Simulation Methods ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Control Data ◽

Logistic Analysis ◽

Sample Size Calculations ◽

Control Designs ◽

Univariate Analyses

Sample size calculations are needed to design and assess the feasibility of case-control studies. Although such calculations are readily available for simple case-control designs and univariate analyses, there is limited theory and software for multivariate unconditional logistic analysis of case-control data. Here we outline the theory needed to detect scalar exposure effects or scalar interactions while controlling for other covariates in logistic regression. Both analytical and simulation methods are presented, together with links to the corresponding software.

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Association between Air Pollution and the Development of Rheumatic Disease: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.1155/2016/5356307 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Gavin Sun ◽

Glen Hazlewood ◽

Sasha Bernatsky ◽

Gilaad G. Kaplan ◽

Bertus Eksteen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Population Sample ◽

Case Control ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Increased Risk ◽

American Children

Objective. Environmental risk factors, such as air pollution, have been studied in relation to the risk of development of rheumatic diseases. We performed a systematic literature review to summarize the existing knowledge.Methods. MEDLINE (1946 to September 2016) and EMBASE (1980 to 2016, week 37) databases were searched using MeSH terms and keywords to identify cohort, case-control, and case cross-over studies reporting risk estimates for the development of select rheumatic diseases in relation to exposure of measured air pollutants (n=8). We extracted information on the population sample and study period, method of case and exposure determination, and the estimate of association.Results. There was no consistent evidence of an increased risk for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with exposure to NO2, SO2, PM2.5, or PM10. Case-control studies in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) indicated higher odds of diagnosis with increasing PM2.5exposure, as well as an increased relative risk for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in American children <5.5 years of age. There was no association with SARDs and NO2exposure.Conclusion. There is evidence for a possible association between air pollutant exposures and the development of SARDs and JIA, but relationships with other rheumatic diseases are less clear.

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