scholarly journals Left-Behind Children and Risk of Unintentional Injury in Rural China—A Cross-Sectional Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Ma ◽  
Minmin Jiang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Jingjing Lu ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Increased Risk

Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors for childhood unintentional injury in areas of rural China, where many children are left behind by migrant worker parents. We administered a questionnaire to children aged 9 to 15, in 56 schools in five counties in Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces. Of the 3791 respondents, 44% lived with both parents, 23% with one parent, and 33% with neither. Around half the children (47.9%) had suffered at least one unintentional injury in the past year, with burns (26%), animal bites (20%) and mechanical injury (18%) the most common. Left-behind children had no increased risk of unintentional injury, but children living in poorer Guizhou (p = 0.001), of divorced parents (p = 0.02), and less well-educated mothers (p = 0.02) were associated with higher risk. Virtual absence of personal level risk factors highlights the importance of addressing environmental risk to reduce childhood injury. The findings have informed a community-based intervention to reduce injury risk through raising awareness of environmental hazards, and through removal of specific hazards. Importantly, the Chinese government should ensure that known effective interventions are subject to legislation and enforcement.

Surgical-Site Infections Following Cesarean Section in an Estonian University Hospital: Postdischarge Surveillance and analysis of Risk Factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piret Mitt ◽  
Katrin Lang ◽  
Aira Peri ◽  
Matti Maimets
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Method Approach

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate a multi-method approach to postdischarge surveillance of surgical-site infections (SSIs) and to identify infection rates and risk factors associated with SSI following cesarean section.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:Academic tertiary-care obstetric and gynecology center with 54 beds.Patients:All women who delivered by cesarean section in Tartu University Women's Clinic during 2002.Methods:Infections were identified during hospital stay or by postdischarge survey using a combination of telephone calls, healthcare worker questionnaire, and outpatient medical records review. SSI was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System.Results:The multi-method approach gave a follow-up rate of 94.8%. Of 305 patients, 19 (6.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI95)], 3.8-9.6) had SSIs. Forty-two percent of these SSIs were detected during postdischarge surveillance. We found three variables associated with increased risk for developing SSI: internal fetal monitoring (odds ratio [OR], 16.6; CI95, 2.2-125.8; P = .007), chorioamnionitis (OR, 8.8; CI95, 1.1-69.6; P = .04), and surgical wound classes III and IV (OR, 3.8; CI95, 1.2-11.8; P=.02).Conclusions:The high response rate validated the effectiveness of this kind of surveillance method and was most suitable in current circumstances. A challenge exists to decrease the frequency of internal fetal monitoring and to treat chorioamnionitis as soon as possible (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005;26:449-454).

scholarly journals Non -fatal overdose among people who inject drugs in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Noroozi ◽  
Peter Higgs ◽  
Azadeh Bayani ◽  
Bahram Armoon ◽  
Ali Nazeri Astaneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fatal Overdose ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Abstract Background With increasing frequencies of non-fatal overdose in people who inject drugs (PWID), it is essential to improve our knowledge about associated risk factors for overdose to inform overdose prevention and assistance programs. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of non-fatal overdose and the associated risk factors among PWID in Tehran, Iran. Methods Snowball sampling was used to collect data from 465 participants in Tehran using a cross-sectional survey. Consenting participants who reported drug injecting in the past month and were able to speak and comprehend Farsi enough to respond to survey questions were interviewed. The endpoint of interest was non-fatal overdose in the previous 6 months, or answering “Yes” to the question: “In the last six months, have you ever overdosed by accident? (at least once)”. We used STATA v. 14 for this analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05 for all analyses. Results Of 465 PWIDs who participated in this study, all were male, and about half had less than a high school education. The prevalence of self-reported non-fatal overdose in the past 6 months was 38% (CI95%: 34, 43%). Our findings indicate that characteristics and behaviors that were associated with an increased risk of experiencing an overdose in the past 6 months were drug use initiation under 22 years (AOR =2.2, P < 0.05), using methamphetamine (AOR =2.8, P < 0.05), and using multiple drugs at the same time (AOR =2.1, P < 0.05). Also, more recent initiates to injecting (< 2 years) had an increased risk of experiencing an overdose in the past 6 months. The odds of experiencing a non-fatal overdose among PWIDs who regularly attended NSP were 0.6 times less than for those who did not attend regularly (OR = 0.6,95% CI: 0.2–0.9). Conclusion Methamphetamine and alcohol use were the most significant association for non-fatal overdose among PWIDs. Our results indicate that intervention and prevention initiatives seeking to reduce overdoses among PWIDs should not only be focused on the primary drug used but also the use of alcohol and poly-drug use.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors Among Saharawi Refugees (P10-071-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun Henjum ◽  
Victoria Telle Hjellset ◽  
Marte Karoline Raberg Kjollesdal ◽  
Merethe Flaaten ◽  
Eivind Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Objectives Economic development, globalization and urbanization has resulted in a shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure in low- and middle-income countries, called the Nutrition Transition. At the same time, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated co-morbidities are rising worldwide. The Saharawi refugees have been living in refugee camps in the Algerian desert since 1975 and are totally dependent on food aid. High prevalence of overweight and obesity has been reported among Saharawi women. Limited knowledge about the prevalence of T2D and associated risk factors exists in this population; therefore, the aim with this study was to address this gap in the literature. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in five Saharawi refugee camps, in Algeria and 180 women and 175 men were randomly selected. Participants’ blood glucose levels was assessed by HbA1c measurements and diagnosed with diabetes if HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol and prediabetes if HbA1c was between 42–47 mmol/mol. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK) was used to assess various risk factors for T2D. Results Mean HbA1c among the Saharawi refugees was 38 mmol/mol. Seven and 15% were diagnosed with T2D and prediabetes, respectively, and 26% and 19% were overweight and obese, respectively. According to FINDRISK, 9% of the participants had high risk of developing diabetes, 10% had moderate risk, 37% had some risk and 44% had low risk. In multiple logistic regression models, after controlling for age, gender, number of children, BMI and education, the strongest predictor for diabetes was waist circumference, OR (95% CI): 1.1 (1.0, 1.1). The strongest predictor for prediabetes was age and waist circumference OR (95% CI): 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) and OR (95% CI): 1.1 (1.0, 1.1), respectively. Conclusions We found moderate prevalence of diabetes among the Saharawi refugees; however a high proportion had prediabetes and were suffering from overweight and obesity. In light of this, the rates of T2D are likely to increase dramatically in the near future. The Saharawi health authorities should pay attention to the increased risk of diabetes in this in this vulnerable population. Funding Sources Oslo Metropolitan University.

scholarly journals Student-inflicted injuries to staff in schools: comparing risk between educators and non-educators

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E Schofield ◽  
Andrew D Ryan ◽  
Craig Stroinski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Education ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Educational Assistants ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Rate Ratios

ObjectiveStudent-inflicted injury to staff in the educational services sector is a growing concern. Studies on violence have focused on teachers as victims, but less is known about injuries to other employee groups, particularly educational assistants. Inequities may be present, as educational assistants and non-educators may not have the same wage, benefits, training and employment protections available to them as professional educators. We identified risk factors for student-related injury and their characteristics among employees in school districts.MethodsWorkers’ compensation data were used to identify incidence and severity of student-related injury. Rates were calculated using negative binomial regression; risk factors were identified using multivariate models to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% CIs.ResultsOver 26% of all injuries were student-related; 8% resulted in lost work time. Special and general education assistants experienced significantly increased risk of injury (RR=6.0, CI 5.05 to 7.15; RR=2.07, CI 1.40 to 3.07) as compared with educators. Risk differed by age, gender and school district type. Text analyses categorised student-related injury. It revealed injury from students acting out occurred most frequently (45.4%), whereas injuries involving play with students resulted in the highest percentage of lost-time injuries (17.7%) compared with all interaction categories.ConclusionStudent-inflicted injury to staff occurs frequently and can be severe. Special education and general assistants bear the largest burden of injury compared with educators. A variety of prevention techniques to reduce injury risk and severity, including policy or environmental modifications, may be appropriate. Equal access to risk reduction methods for all staff should be prioritised.

Risk of Fall for Individuals With Intellectual Disability

2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Chiba ◽  
Atsuyoshi Shimada ◽  
Futoshi Yoshida ◽  
Hiromi Keino ◽  
Mariko Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Risk Of Fall ◽  
Risk Factors For Falling

Abstract Our aim was to identify risk factors for falling and establish a method to assess risk for falls in adults with intellectual disabilities. In a cross-sectional survey of 144 Japanese adults, we found that age, presence of epilepsy, and presence of paretic conditions were independent risk factors. The Tinetti balance and gait instrument was successfully administered to this population and resulted in high diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 91.9%) for identifying individuals at risk when the cutoff score was set at 25. Participants whose balance and gait deteriorated showed a decrease in the Tinetti score of at least 2 points per year. Thus, the Tinetti instrument may be an effective tool to detect an increased risk of fall in this population.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors of Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3508
Author(s):  
Kiran Prakash K. ◽  
Venkata Suresh Anga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. Accounting for around 60% of all deaths and 44% of premature deaths worldwide. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors in Vijayawada.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on allopathic practicing doctors who were working in the various Hospitals, clinics, Nursing Homes within the corporation limits of Vijayawada city.Results: Out of the 720 study subjects, 498 doctors (69.2%) were males and 222 doctors (30.8%) were females. majority of the doctors 515 (71.5%) were with educational qualification of master degrees (MS/MD/MDS). Doctors in clinical specialty are more 565 (78.5%) compared with non-clinical 133 (18.4%) and dental 22 (3.1%). With regarding working sector, nearly one third of doctors were working in private sector 532 (73.9%).Conclusions: Because of more exposure to unhealthy life styles like smoking, alcohol, unhealthy dietary habits like high intake of salt, inadequate use of fruits and vegetables, oil fries and by leading a sedentary life and high risk factors like overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes a large number of the doctor’s population were at increased risk for chronic non-communicable diseases. 

scholarly journals Increase in the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio relates to Injury Risk in Competitive Runners

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talko Bernhard Dijkhuis ◽  
Ruby Otter ◽  
Marco Aiello ◽  
Hugo Velthuijsen ◽  
Koen Lemmink
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Daily Training

AbstractInjuries of runners reduce the ability to train and hinder competing. Literature shows that the relation between potential risk factors and injuries are not definitive, limited, and inconsistent. In team sports, workload derivatives were identified as risk factors. However, there is an absence of literature in running on workload derivatives. This study used the workload derivatives acute workload, chronic workload, and acute: chronic workload ratios to investigate the relation between workload and injury risk in running. Twenty-three competitive runners kept a daily training log for 24 months. The runners reported training duration, training intensity and injuries. One-week (acute) and 4-week (chronic) workloads were calculated as the average of training duration multiplied by training intensity. The acute:chronic workload ratio was determined dividing the acute and chronic workloads. Results show that a fortnightly low increase of the acute:chronic workload ratio (0.10–0.78) led to an increased risk of sustaining an injury (p<0.001). Besides, a low increase of the acute:chronic workload ratio (0.05–0.62) between the second week and third week before an injury showed an association with increased injury risk (p=0.013). These findings demonstrate that the acute:chronic workload ratio relates to injury risk.

scholarly journals Relaxation in the Chinese Hukou System: Effects on Psychosocial Wellbeing of Children Affected by Migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Lu ◽  
Minmin Jiang ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Therese Hesketh
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Left Behind

The hukou household registration system in China is being relaxed in small and medium-sized cities, which makes it easier for migrant worker parents to take their children with them to cities for work. The aim of this study was determine the potential impact on psychological well-being of this change for children by migration and hukou status. We conducted a cross-sectional survey using the Chinese version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in urban and migrant schools in the capital, Hangzhou, and in schools in two rural counties of Zhejiang Province. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 2965 children, aged 10 to 15: 867 urban children with urban hukou, 625 migrant children with rural hukou, 695 rural children with rural hukou living with parents, and 778 left behind children. The crude SDQ scores showed that children directly affected by migration (migrant children and left behind children) were most at risk of psychological problems; urban and rural children living with their parents in their accustomed environment were least vulnerable. After adjustment for confounders, migrant children were the most vulnerable to psychological problems. Given that migration with children is on the increase, efforts should be made to improve conditions in urban areas for these children, and especially to ensure access to urban public schools.

Incidence and risk factors for pressure injuries in adults in specialised medical care: a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 945-953
Author(s):  
Sanna Stoltenberg ◽  
Jaana Kotila ◽  
Anniina Heikkilä ◽  
Tarja Kvist ◽  
Kristiina Junttila
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pressure Injury ◽  
Hospital Stays

Introduction: Hospital-acquired pressure injuries are one of the most important indicators of quality patient care. It is important to identify high-risk patients to guide the implementation of appropriate prevention strategies. This can be done by using an assessment tool that covers the main risk factors for pressure injuries. Aim: The purpose of the study was to describe the incidence of pressure injuries and the associated risk factors among patients assessed with the Prevent Pressure Injury (PPI) risk assessment tool developed by the Helsinki University Hospital. Method: The study was conducted by selecting six wards from medical, surgical and neurological units. The target group were the patients being treated in the study units who gave their informed consent. The research data were retrieved from electronic patient records. Results: From the target group, 332 patients were eligible to participate in the study. The pressure injury risk was found to increase with longer hospital stays and older age. Surgical patients had an increased risk of pressure injuries compared to other specialty fields. A primary diagnosis of musculoskeletal or connective tissue disease, and secondary diagnoses of hypertension and cerebral haemorrhage, were linked with an increased pressure injury risk. A total of nine pressure injuries occurred in nine patients, with an incidence of 2.5% (stages II−IV). Conclusion: The observation and recording of pressure injuries in specialised medical care remain insufficient. Longer hospital stays, older age and surgery increase pressure injury risk. Also, patients' primary and secondary diagnoses may increase the pressure injury risk. Declaration of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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