The Influence of Bullying and Cyberbullying in the Psychological Adjustment of Victims and Aggressors in Adolescence

The objective of the present study was to analyze the extent to which violent peer behavior and victimization, both traditional and cybernetic, and predict certain indicators of psychological maladjustment in adolescents, such as self-concept, satisfaction with life, feeling of loneliness, depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, social anxiety, empathy, and emotional intelligence. Participants in the study were 1318 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 11 and 18 years and enrolled in Compulsory Secondary Education schools. The design of the study was cross-sectional. The results indicated that the victims generally present greater maladjustment than the aggressors. Both victims and cybervictims showed a greater decrease in all the dimensions of self-concept, compared with aggressors and cyberaggressors. However, the two types of aggressors showed a higher likelihood of presenting low levels of empathy. Feeling of loneliness, depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, and degree of life satisfaction was more probable to be present in all groups of aggressors and victims. Finally, with regard to emotional intelligence, victims had a higher probability of obtaining low scores in all the dimensions of this construct; this was the case for traditional aggressors only in the dimension of emotion regulation. These results contribute to our understanding of the consequences of harassment in the adaptation of the students involved, with relevant practical implications.

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Psychological adjustment in cybervictims and cyberbullies in secondary education

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.35.3.323151 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 434-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Elizabeth Cañas ◽

Estefania Estévez ◽

Juan C. Marzo ◽

José A. Piqueras

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

High School Students ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Psychological Adjustment ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Self Concept ◽

School Students

El auge de las agresiones cibernéticas entre estudiantes de secundaria y la importancia de ciertas variables de ajuste psicosocial para la comprensión de este tipo de conducta violenta, tanto en agresores como en víctimas, plantean como objetivo en el presente trabajo analizar el perfil psicosocial de ambos implicados en situaciones de ciberagresión. Las variables de ajuste analizadas fueron autoconcepto, estrés percibido, soledad, sintomatología depresiva, ansiedad social, satisfacción con la vida e inteligencia emocional. A partir de una muestra de 1318 adolescentes (47% chicos), de entre 11 y 18 años, se establecieron tres grupos de contraste para cibervíctimas (víctimas severas, moderadas y no cibervíctimas) y tres grupos para ciberagresores (ciberagresores severos, moderados y no ciberagresores). El análisis de varianza mostró que los implicados presentan perfiles psicosociales diferentes y deteriorados. Las cibervíctimas severas mostraron mayor estrés percibido, soledad, depresión y ansiedad social, y menor autoconcepto, satisfacción con la vida e IE, en comparación con las no cibervíctimas. Los ciberagresores severos mostraron mayor estrés percibido, soledad y depresión, y menor autoconcepto y satisfacción con la vida, comparativamente con los no ciberagresores. Estos resultados permiten profundizar en la comprensión del ciberacoso entre estudiantes y mejorar los programas preventivos y de intervención en escuelas. The rise of cyberbullying among high school students and the importance of certain variables of psychological adjustment for the comprehension of this type of violent behavior both in bullies and in victims. This work aims to analyze the psychological profile of individuals involved in situations of cyberbullying, both victims and bullies. The adjustment variables analyzed were self-concept, perceived stress, loneliness, depressive symptomatology, social anxiety, life satisfaction, and emotional intelligence. Using a sample of 1318 adolescents (47% boys), aged between 11 and 18 years (M = 13.8, SD = 1.32), three contrast groups were established for cybervictims (severe cybervictims, moderate cybervictims, and non-cybervictims) and three groups for cyberbullies (severe cyberbullies, moderate cyberbullies, and non-cyberbullies). The results obtained through analysis of variance showed that both cybervictims and cyberbullies show deterioration in most of the studied dimensions, albeit with a different profile. Severe cybervictims showed higher scores in perceived stress, loneliness, depression, and social anxiety, and lower scores in self-concept, life satisfaction, and emotional intelligence, in comparison with non-cybervictims. Severe cyberbullies obtained higher scores in perceived stress, loneliness, and depression, and lower scores in self-concept and life satisfaction, compared to non-cyberbullies. These results allow deepening our comprehension of cyberbullying among students to improve preventive and intervention programs in schools.

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Psychological Factors Influencing Life Satisfaction of Undergraduates

10.31234/osf.io/xdpfz ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Bukunmi O Adewumi ◽

Olubukola Ajayi

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Future Research ◽

Factors Influencing

This study was designed to assess the psychological factors influencing life satisfaction of undergraduates. The instruments used were Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), Rosenberge Self-esteem Scale (RSS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). A total number of 190 participants were purposively selected across various faculties in Ekiti State University. Four hypotheses were tested using Independent t-test to find the effects of perceived stress, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem on life satisfaction. Multiple regression was used to find the joint and individual influences of these variables. The results showed that there is no significant influence of perceived stress on life satisfaction (t (75) = 1.23, p = .22, 95% CI [-1.14, 4.83). There is no significant influence of self-esteem on life satisfaction (t (51) = -1.31, p = .20, 95% CI [-5.28, 1.11), and there is no significant joint influence of perceived stress, emotional intelligence and self-esteem on life satisfaction (F (3,187) = 1.79, p = .15, R2 =.03). Additionally, perceived stress (β = .07, p = .33), emotional intelligence (β = .14, p = 054) and self-esteem (β = .02, p = .83) did not have independent influences on life satisfaction. Implications of the present findings for future research are discussed, as well as potential interventions for improving life satisfaction.

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Associations Between Family Communication, Perceived Stress and Resilience with Life Satisfaction Among UPM Pre-University Students

10.53350/pjmhs211561756 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1756-1764

Author(s):

Manoochehr Taghi Pour ◽

Asmah Ismail ◽

Wan Marzuki Wan Jaafar ◽

Gholamreza Rajabi

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

University Students ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Family Communication ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Alfred W. Adler (1870-1937), psychotherapist and founder of the school of individual psychology, believed that education, marriage, and job play important role in human development. Higher learning is a demanding and challenging period for students that can result in high rates of psychological distress affecting their life satisfaction. Aim: The research is to study the links between family communications, perceived stress and resilience with life satisfaction among pre-university students in UPM. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 310 (females 158 and 152 males) pre-university students from a public university in Malaysia. Four instruments were used in this research namely the Family Communication Scale (FCS, Olson et al., 2004), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS, Cohen et al., 1983) Resilience Scale (CD-RISC, Connor-Davidson, 2003) & The Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al. 1985). The data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regressions. Results: The finding of this study revealed that there are simple and multiple relationships between family communications, perceived stress and resilience with life satisfaction among pre-university students. Conclusion: The research may guide university counselors to view adolescents’ life satisfaction holistically and assist them in developing preventive and intervention plans for the university new enrolled students. Also, the results will provide students with some knowledge on their life satisfaction and its effects on their future accomplishments. Keyword: Family Communication; Perceived Stress; Resilience; Life Satisfaction; Pre-University Students

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Actividad físico deportiva, autoconcepto físico y bienestar psicológico en la adolescencia (Physical sports activity, physical self-concept and psychological wellbeing in adolescente)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i22.34578 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Rafael Reigal Garrido ◽

Antonio Videra García ◽

José Luis Parra Flores ◽

Rocío Juárez Ruiz de Mier

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Self Concept ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Sports Activity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bienestar Psicologico

El propósito de este trabajo es examinar las relaciones entre la práctica de actividad físico deportiva en la adolescencia y diversas autoevaluaciones como el autoconcepto físico, percepción de salud y satisfacción vital. Participan en el estudio 1504 adolescentes de la ciudad de Málaga (España), en edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 16 años. Los instrumentos utilizados para medir los constructos indicados son el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF), el Cuestionario de Salud General (GHQ) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS). Sigue un diseño transversal de tipo correlacional en el que se usa la encuesta para obtener los datos. Los análisis estadísticos muestran que la práctica física es una variable que genera diferencias significativas, en los constructos estudiados, a favor de los que practican. Sin embargo, la frecuencia de práctica muestra únicamente diferencias significativas entre grupos en el autoconcepto físico. Por otro lado, los años de experiencia en conductas de práctica física influye en los resultados encontrados, obteniéndose valoraciones más positivas en aquellos que llevan más tiempo realizando este tipo de tareas. La presente investigación contribuye a reforzar la importancia que tiene crear hábitos de vida activos para aumentar el bienestar psicológico en las personas.Palabras clave: adolescencia; práctica física; autoconcepto físico; percepción de salud; satisfacción vital.Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between experience in physical sports activity in adolescence and various self-evaluations such as physical self-concept, perceptions of health and life satisfaction. Participants are 1504 adolescents from the city of Malaga (Spain), aged between 14 and 16 years. The instruments used to assess the constructs are the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). The study has a cross-sectional, correlational design, in which surveys are used to collect data. The statistical analyses show that physical activity is associated with significant differences in the study variables, favouring those who do physical activity. The frequency of the activity, however, has a significant difference between the groups only in the case of physical self-concept. On the other hand, years of experience in physical activity affects the outcomes, with better results for those who have been doing exercise for a longer period of time. This study contributes to the literature that emphasises the importance of creating an active lifestyle to boost psychological wellbeing.Key words: adolescence; physical activity; physical self-concept; perceptions of health; life satisfaction.

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Relationship among Perceived Stress, Life Satisfaction and Academic Performance of Education Sciences Students of the University of Jaén after the COVID 19 Pandemic

10.20944/preprints202110.0311.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

María Teresa Ocaña-Moral ◽

Óscar Gavín-Chocano ◽

Eufrasio Pérez-Navío ◽

María del Carmen Martínez-Serrano

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Academic Performance ◽

University Students ◽

Stress Management ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The University

The circumstances arising from the exceptional situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have affected all socioeconomic areas in the last two years. The field of Education has not been an exception and the management of the situation seems to have caused an increase in the level of perceived stress of university students. On this basis, this research that aims, first, to analyze the student’s level of perceived stress during the de-escalation and return to normality period, secondly, to evaluate its relationship with life satisfaction and, finally, to detect the students' needs in stress management, has been developed. An exploratory-descriptive study of quantitative and cross-sectional nature has been carried out. 222 university students of the Childhood and Primary Education Degrees of the University of Jaén (Spain) have participated. The instruments, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) have been used. The results show a moderate and partial relationship among the dimensions of the used instruments. The obtained coefficients of determination are, Academic Performance (r² = .019) and Life Satisfaction (r² = .402), with a mean square error (SRMR) of .079. These findings show the need to develop actions within the university training program in effective stress management strategies.

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The Impact of Cybervictimization on Psychological Adjustment in Adolescence: Analyzing the Role of Emotional Intelligence

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3693 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jesús F. Estévez ◽

Elizabeth Cañas ◽

Estefanía Estévez

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Emotional Adjustment ◽

Compulsory Education ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Concept ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Cybervictimization has been associated with serious emotional adjustment problems such as low self-concept and depressive symptomatology. In addition, these problems can negatively affect the well-being of the victims, manifesting in their levels of satisfaction with life. However, it should be noted that not all cybervictims develop these consequences with the same intensity. These differences seem to be related to the development of emotional intelligence (EI), as it can positively influence adolescents’ emotional adjustment and well-being even when problems arise. The objective of this work was to analyze the role of EI on cybervictimization and adolescents’ emotional adjustment, especially in self-concept, depression, and life satisfaction. The participants in the study were 1318 adolescents of both sexes and aged between 11 and 18 years (M = 13.8, SD = 1.32), from four secondary compulsory education centers in Spain. EI influences the relationship between self-concept and life satisfaction, and between depression and life satisfaction. In addition, the relationships of cybervictimization with self-concept and depression are influenced when introducing EI and its dimensions (emotional attention, clarity, regulation). These data support the idea that EI may affect the relationship between cybervictimization and adolescents’ emotional adjustment.

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Relationship among Perceived Stress, Life Satisfaction and Academic Performance of Education Sciences Students of the University of Jaén after the COVID-19 Pandemic

Education Sciences ◽

10.3390/educsci11120802 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 802

Author(s):

María Teresa Ocaña-Moral ◽

Óscar Gavín-Chocano ◽

Eufrasio Pérez-Navío ◽

María del Carmen Martínez-Serrano

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Academic Performance ◽

University Students ◽

Stress Management ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The University

The circumstances arising from the exceptional situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have affected all socioeconomic areas in the last two years. The field of Education has not been an exception, and the management of the situation seems to have caused an increase in the level of perceived stress of university students. On this basis, this research that aims, first, to analyze the student’s level of perceived stress during the de-escalation and return to normality period, secondly, to evaluate its relationship with life satisfaction and, finally, to detect the students’ needs in stress management, has been developed. An exploratory-descriptive study of quantitative and cross-sectional nature has been carried out. A total of 222 university students of the Childhood and Primary Education Degrees of the University of Jaén (Spain) have participated. The instruments, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) have been used. The results show a moderate and partial relationship among the dimensions of the used instruments. The obtained coefficients of determination are, Academic Performance (r² = 0.019) and Life Satisfaction (r² = 0.402), with a mean square error (SRMR) of 0.079. These findings show the need to develop actions within the university training program in effective stress management strategies.

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Keeping up with the Wangs: A cross-sectional multilevel analysis of individual and contextual influences on mental wellbeing and depressive symptoms in China

10.31234/osf.io/5q3wy ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

R. Adele H. Wang ◽

CMA Haworth ◽

Qiang Ren

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Comparison ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Marriage Rate ◽

Contextual Effects ◽

Mental Wellbeing ◽

Population Census ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Average Education

BackgroundIn recent decades, China has experienced dramatic changes to its social and economic environment, which has affected the distribution of wellbeing across its citizens. While several studies have investigated individual level predictors of wellbeing in the Chinese population, less research has been done looking at contextual effects. This cross-sectional study looks at the individual and contextual effects of (regional) education, unemployment and marriage (rate) on individual happiness, life satisfaction and depressive symptomatology. MethodsData were collected from over 29,000 individuals (aged 18 to 110, 51.91% female) in the China Family Panel Studies, and merged with county level census data obtained from the 2010 China Population Census and Statistical Yearbook. To explore contextual effects, we used multilevel models accounting for the hierarchical structure of the data. ResultsWe found that a one-year increase in education was associated with a 0.17% increase in happiness and a 0.16% decrease in depressive symptoms. Unemployed men were 1% less happy, 1% less satisfied with life and reported 0.84% more depressive symptoms than employed men while minimal effects were seen for women. Single, divorced and widowed individuals had worse outcomes than married individuals (ranging from 2.96% to 21% differences). We found interaction effects for education and employment. Less educated individuals had greater happiness and less depressive symptoms in counties with higher average education compared to counterparts in less educated counties. In contrast, more educated individuals were less satisfied with life in more educated counties, an effect that is possibly due to social comparison. Employed individuals had lower life satisfaction in areas of high unemployment, while levels were constant for the unemployed. A 1% increase in county marriage rate was associated with 0.33% and 0.24% increases in happiness and life satisfaction respectively, with no interactions. We speculate that this effect could be due to greater social cohesion in the neighbourhood.ConclusionsOur results show that policies designed to improve employment and marriage rates will be beneficial for all, while interventions to encourage positive social comparison strategies may help to offset the negative effects of increasing neighbourhood average education on the highly educated.

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Self-Perceived Life Satisfaction during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sweden: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6234

Author(s):

Christina Brogårdh ◽

Catharina Sjödahl Hammarlund ◽

Frida Eek ◽

Kjerstin Stigmar ◽

Ingrid Lindgren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Online Survey ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sexual Life ◽

Life Domains ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Perceived Life Satisfaction

Currently, there is limited knowledge on how the Swedish strategy with more lenient public health restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced people’s life satisfaction. Here, we investigated self-reported life satisfaction during the first wave of the pandemic in Sweden, and perceived changes in life satisfaction in relation to various sociodemographic factors. A total of 1082 people (mean age 48 (SD 12.2); 82% women) responded to an online survey during autumn 2020 including the “Life Satisfaction Questionnaire-11”. A majority (69%) were satisfied with life as a whole, and with other important life domains, with the exception of contact with friends and sexual life. An equal share reported that life as a whole had either deteriorated (28%) or improved (29%). Of those that perceived a deterioration, 95% considered it to be due to the pandemic. Regarding deteriorated satisfaction with life as a whole, higher odds were found in the following groups: having no children living at home; being middle aged; having other sources of income than being employed; and having a chronic disease. The Swedish strategy might have contributed to the high proportion of satisfied people. Those who perceived a deterioration in life satisfaction may, however, need attention from Swedish Welfare Authorities.

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