Impact of Organic Manure on Growth, Nutrient Content and Yield of Chilli Pepper under Various Temperature Environments

Expected climatic changes likely elicit serious challenges for crop production. Therefore, it is indispensable to investigate the response of crop growth parameters and yield under temperature variability environments. The current experiment on chilli pepper growth was conducted in a field, rain-shelter plastic house, and plastic greenhouse, with accumulated temperatures of 2832 °C, 2967 °C, and 3105 °C in 2017; and 2944 °C, 3091 °C, and 3168 °C in 2018 growing seasons. Based on soil analysis, 132.7 kg ha−1 (1× of livestock manure compost as an optimum and 265.4 kg ha−1 (2×) as a double amount of organic matter were applied to each simulated temperature condition. The results showed that organic manure application favorably affects the growth attributes and nutrient uptake of chilli pepper with the highest values found in the plastic greenhouse, followed by the rain-shelter house, over the open field cultivation condition. The highest growth of chilli pepper was at the 2× rate of organic manure application, whereas the highest yield was found at the 1× rate of organic manure application. The application of organic manure at the 1× rate in the greenhouse increased root, shoot, and fruit dry weights of chilli pepper by 21.4%, 52.4%, and 79.7%, respectively, compared to the control values. These results indicate that the rational use of organic amendments might be the best solution for chilli pepper production under variable climate conditions.

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Efficiency of Rice Husk Biochar with Poultry Litter Co-Composts in Oxisols for Improving Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Enhancing Maize Performance

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2409

Author(s):

Hamed Alarefee ◽

Che Fauziah Ishak ◽

Daljit Singh Karam ◽

Radziah Othman

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Higher Plant

Efficient use of co-composted organic manure with biochar is one of the sustainable management practices in an agriculture system to increase soil fertility and crop yield. The objectives of this research are to evaluate the use of co-composted biochar, biochar in formulation with poultry litter (PL), and PL compost on soil properties and maize growth. Organic amendments were applied at 10 Mg ha−1, and synthetic fertilizer was applied at the recommended rate of maize (N: P2O5: K2O at 60:60:40 kg ha−1). The results showed that addition of organic amendment significantly increased the total biomass parameter compared to the control, which ranged from 23.2% to 988.5%. The pure biochar treatment yielded lower biomass than the control by 27.1%, which was attributed to its low nutrient content. Consequently, the application of the co-composted biochar achieved higher plant height and aerial portion, which ranged from 46.86% to 25.74% and 7.8% to 108.2%, respectively, in comparison to the recommended fertilizer rate. In addition, the soil amended with co-composted biochar had a significant increase in soil organic matter and had significantly higher chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations in plants, which increased with an increase in the biochar ratio of the co-composts. This was probably attributed to the release of the nutrients retained during composting, thereby possibly making the co-composted biochar act as a slow-release fertilizer. In conclusion, the addition of organic manure with biochar enhanced the nutrient supply by gradual release in comparison to the mineral fertilizer.

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When Termites’ Waste Products Highlight a Fundamental Law of Fertilization under Rainfed Rice Cultivation in West Cote d'Ivoire

European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.1.218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

Dogniméton Soro ◽

Lacina Yeo ◽

Zoumana Konate ◽

Martinez Arnauth Guei ◽

Gohi Ferdinand Zro-Bi

Keyword(s):

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Crop Production ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Yield Data ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Waste Products ◽

Côte D'ivoire

Food security is a major development issue in Côte d’Ivoire that is experiencing population growth over 3% per year. Food crop production, however, is experiencing weak growth, most often linked to increase in area. In addition, low yields could be explained by the scarcity of rainfall in a context where farmers hardly use agronomic-based fertilizers without soil analysis although Cote d’Ivoire is agricultural based developing country. To be part of integrated production logic in rice production, a study is initiated in 2016 in Daloa in order to improve the yield of paddy rice by using a local amendment produced by termites kept in captivity on agricultural residues. Four (4) doses of this amendment made of termites’ waste products (TWP): 1.8%; 3.6% and 7.2% and 14.4% of one hectare soil weight were tested versus an unfertilized (control) and a NPK fertilized (100kg.ha)-. The experimental design consists of randomized complete blocks with three replicates. Plant growth parameters such as plant height at maturity, total number of tillers, number of leaves at the beginning of tillering, biomass at maturity and yield data were collected. The results showed that all agronomic parameters were improved with increasing dose up to an optimum dose that can be found between 7.2 % and 14.4 % of termites’ waste products. The highest yield (2484.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained with the 7.2 % dose. The results of the application of the TWP on rice showed important yield increases with efficacy varying from 30 to 72 % compared to common fertilizer application and 27.1 to 221.9 % if compared to non-fertilized plot.

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Distribution of Soil Microorganisms in Field under Potatoes due to Fertilizer and Organics

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-669 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stefan Shilev ◽

I. Mitova ◽

V. Kuncheva ◽

N. Dinev ◽

Lyudmila Kabaivanova

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Bacterial Number ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Soil Sustainability ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Spore Forming Bacteria

Background: Using organic manure derived from animal or vegetable matter is often associated with balanced crop production. The influence of organics and fertilizers on soil sustainability during cultivation of potatoes in field was studied. Methods: Vegetable experiment comprising 10 years (2011-2021), having a control variant (no fertilization), independent mineral, organics (compost) and their combination (50:50%). Changes in the amount and distribution of microbial groups in experimental variants and associated untreated controls were evaluated. Total bacterial number, spore-forming bacteria, fungi, nitrogen-utilizing bacteria and actinomycetes were assessed. Result: Applied organics and fertilizers had statistically proven a positive effect on growth parameters of potatoes. Organics and fertilizers supplied with mineral and foliar feeding registered taller plants with increased number of branches, number and mass of leaves and stem and root masses, compared to potatoes with organic and organic-mineral combination. Application of compost led to a significant increase in populations of all physiological groups of microorganisms excluding spore-forming bacteria and bacteria utilizing mineral nitrogen, which is a good indicator of increased soil microbial activity in respective treatments. Mineral fertilization had a positive effect on total number of bacteria and on absorption of mineral nitrogen. The treatment in variant (50:50 %) at rhizosphere soil was associated with organic manure application and at non-rhizosphere soil with mineral fertilizer.

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Nitrate, nutrient content and growth parameters of komatsuna (Brassica rapa L.) in response to manure application depending on EMN (estimated mineralizable nitrogen)

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904167.2019.1643366 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (15) ◽

pp. 1726-1739

Author(s):

Kyi Moe ◽

Seinn Moh Moh ◽

Aung Zaw Htwe ◽

Takeo Yamakawa

Keyword(s):

Brassica Rapa ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Manure Application ◽

Mineralizable Nitrogen

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Effect of dumpsite organic manure soil on growth, nutrient content, and yield of Curcuma longa L.(turmeric) in Owerri, Imo State

GSC Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/gscarr.2021.8.1.0147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 140-148

Author(s):

Ogbuehi HC ◽

Onuh MO ◽

IE Christo

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Area Index ◽

Imo State

Curcuma longa L.(turmeric) is one of the most essential available spices in Nigeria. The field study was conducted at Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. During the planting season of 2019 to assess effect of different levels of Dumpsite Organic Manure Soil on Growth parameters, nutrient content and yield of turmeric. The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Complete Design with three replications. T1: Control, T2: 05 tons; T3 10 tons, T4: 15 tons of Dumpsite Organic Manure Soil. The result of the study revealed that high doses (T4) of Dumpsite soil significantly influenced maximum growth parameters viz; plant height, leaf area, leaf length, leaf area index.15 tons of Dumpsite Organic Manure Soil (T4) recorded the maximum yield per hectare (17.66kg/h) while the lowest (6.863kg) was obtained from control. The result of proximate composition showed that 15 tons (T4) of dumpsite organic manure soil significantly improve the Ash, Fibre, Protein and carbohydrate contents compare to control. Moisture content (81%) and fat content (0.6369%) were higher in control compare to other treatment levels. The result has shown that Dumpsite Organic Manure Soil has potential to improve growth of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and other crops.

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Analysis of Quality of Backyard Compost and Its Potential Utilization as a Circular Bio-Waste Source

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11104392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 4392

Author(s):

Apolka Ujj ◽

Kinga Percsi ◽

Andras Beres ◽

Laszlo Aleksza ◽

Fernanda Ramos Diaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Basic Education ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Quality Properties ◽

Seed Dispersion ◽

Materials Used

The use and quality analysis of household compost have become very important issues in recent years due to the increasing interest in local food production and safe, self-produced food. The phenomenon was further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine period, which gave new impetus to the growth of small home gardens. However, the knowledge associated with making high-quality compost is often lacking in home gardeners. Therefore, the objective of this research was to find answers to the following questions: can the quality of backyard compost be considered safe in terms of toxicity and nutrient content? Can weed seed dispersion affect the usability of backyard compost? In general, can the circulation of organic matter be increased with the spread of home composting? In this study, 16 different house composts were analysed for stability, weed seed contamination, toxic elements, and nutrient content using analysis of variance. The results of the research showed that the quality properties of the composts (including their weed seed dispersion effect) were greatly influenced by the different techniques and raw materials used. The toxicity levels, as well as the content of macro and microelements, were within the parameters of safe-quality compost. The specific macronutrient (Ca, Mg) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn) contents of the tested composts have a similar and, in some cases, more favorable nutrient supply capacity in crop production than the frequently-used cow manure-based composts. With a plan of basic education on composting, there is potential to encourage farmyard composting.

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Agro-Nanotechnology as an Emerging Field: A Novel Sustainable Approach for Improving Plant Growth by Reducing Biotic Stress

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11052282 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 2282

Author(s):

Masudulla Khan ◽

Azhar U. Khan ◽

Mohd Abul Hasan ◽

Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽

Marina M. C. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Biotic Stress ◽

Crop Production ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

High Yield ◽

Plant Disease Management

In the present era, the global need for food is increasing rapidly; nanomaterials are a useful tool for improving crop production and yield. The application of nanomaterials can improve plant growth parameters. Biotic stress is induced by many microbes in crops and causes disease and high yield loss. Every year, approximately 20–40% of crop yield is lost due to plant diseases caused by various pests and pathogens. Current plant disease or biotic stress management mainly relies on toxic fungicides and pesticides that are potentially harmful to the environment. Nanotechnology emerged as an alternative for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of biotic stress induced by pests and pathogens on crops. In this review article, we assess the role and impact of different nanoparticles in plant disease management, and this review explores the direction in which nanoparticles can be utilized for improving plant growth and crop yield.

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Evaluating management strategies for sustainable crop production under changing climate conditions: A system dynamics approach

Journal of Environmental Management ◽

10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112790 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 292 ◽

pp. 112790

Author(s):

Yen Pham ◽

Kathryn Reardon-Smith ◽

Ravinesh C. Deo

Keyword(s):

System Dynamics ◽

Crop Production ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Sustainable Crop Production ◽

Changing Climate

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Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats—Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 377

Author(s):

Marcin Barański ◽

Dominika Średnicka-Tober ◽

Leonidas Rempelos ◽

Gultakin Hasanaliyeva ◽

Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Crop Protection ◽

The Body ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Feed Composition ◽

Npk Fertilizer

Recent human cohort studies reported positive associations between organic food consumption and a lower incidence of obesity, cancer, and several other diseases. However, there are very few animal and human dietary intervention studies that provide supporting evidence or a mechanistic understanding of these associations. Here we report results from a two-generation, dietary intervention study with male Wistar rats to identify the effects of feeds made from organic and conventional crops on growth, hormonal, and immune system parameters that are known to affect the risk of a number of chronic, non-communicable diseases in animals and humans. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to separate the effects of contrasting crop protection methods (use or non-use of synthetic chemical pesticides) and fertilizers (mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers vs. manure use) applied in conventional and organic crop production. Conventional, pesticide-based crop protection resulted in significantly lower fiber, polyphenol, flavonoid, and lutein, but higher lipid, aldicarb, and diquat concentrations in animal feeds. Conventional, mineral NPK-based fertilization resulted in significantly lower polyphenol, but higher cadmium and protein concentrations in feeds. Feed composition differences resulting from the use of pesticides and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer had a significant effect on feed intake, weight gain, plasma hormone, and immunoglobulin concentrations, and lymphocyte proliferation in both generations of rats and in the second generation also on the body weight at weaning. Results suggest that relatively small changes in dietary intakes of (a) protein, lipids, and fiber, (b) toxic and/or endocrine-disrupting pesticides and metals, and (c) polyphenols and other antioxidants (resulting from pesticide and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer use) had complex and often interactive effects on endocrine, immune systems and growth parameters in rats. However, the physiological responses to contrasting feed composition/intake profiles differed substantially between the first and second generations of rats. This may indicate epigenetic programming and/or the generation of “adaptive” phenotypes and should be investigated further.

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