scholarly journals The Impact of Cold and Heat on Years of Life Lost in a Northwestern Chinese City with Temperate Continental Climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangtao Liu ◽  
Yueling Ma ◽  
Yuhong Wang ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
Shuyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Heat Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Continental Climate

Cold spells and heat waves in a changing climate are well known as great public-health concerns due to their adverse effects on human health. However, very few studies have quantified health impacts of heat and cold in the region of Northwestern China. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cold and heat on years of life lost (YLL) in Lanzhou, a city with temperate continental climate. We compiled a daily dataset including deaths, weather variables, and air pollutants in Lanzhou, China, from 2014–2017. We used a distributed lag non-linear model to estimate single-day and cumulative effects of heat and cold on daily YLL. Results indicated that both cold and heat were associated with increased YLL for registered residents in Lanzhou. Estimated heat effects appeared immediately in the first two days, while estimated cold effects lasted over a longer period (up to 30 days). Cold significantly increased the YLL of all residents except for males and those with respiratory diseases (≥65 years). Our results showed that both heat and cold had more pronounced effects on cardiovascular diseases compared to respiratory diseases. Males might be more vulnerable to heat, while females might suffer more YLL from cold. The effects of cold or heat on the elderly might appear earlier and last longer than those for other age groups.

scholarly journals The Impact of Non-optimum Ambient Temperature on Years of Life Lost: A Multi-county Observational Study in Hunan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2699
Author(s):  
Ling-Shuang Lv ◽  
Dong-Hui Jin ◽  
Wen-Jun Ma ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Yi-Qing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Impact

The ambient temperature–health relationship is of growing interest as the climate changes. Previous studies have examined the association between ambient temperature and mortality or morbidity, however, there is little literature available on the ambient temperature effects on year of life lost (YLL). Thus, we aimed to quantify the YLL attributable to non-optimum ambient temperature. We obtained data from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017 of 70 counties in Hunan, China. In order to combine the effects of each county, we used YLL rate as a health outcome indicator. The YLL rate was equal to the total YLL divided by the population of each county, and multiplied by 100,000. We estimated the associations between ambient temperature and YLL with a distributed lag non-linear model (DNLM) in a single county, and then pooled them in a multivariate meta-regression. The daily mean YLL rates were 22.62 y/(p·100,000), 10.14 y/(p·100,000) and 2.33 y/(p·100,000) within the study period for non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease death. Ambient temperature was responsible for advancing a substantial fraction of YLL, with attributable fractions of 10.73% (4.36–17.09%) and 16.44% (9.09–23.79%) for non-accidental and cardiovascular disease death, respectively. However, the ambient temperature effect was not significantly for respiratory disease death, corresponding to 5.47% (−2.65–13.60%). Most of the YLL burden was caused by a cold temperature than the optimum temperature, with an overall estimate of 10.27% (4.52–16.03%) and 15.94% (8.82–23.05%) for non-accidental and cardiovascular disease death, respectively. Cold and heat temperature-related YLLs were higher in the elderly and females than the young and males. Extreme cold temperature had an effect on all age groups in different kinds of disease-caused death. This study highlights that general preventative measures could be important for moderate temperatures, whereas quick and effective measures should be provided for extreme temperatures.

scholarly journals Excess Risk of Mortality Due to Heatwaves in Dezful city, Southwest of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Aghababaeian ◽  
Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh ◽  
Ali Ardalan ◽  
Ali Asgary ◽  
Mehry Akbary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Waves ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Southwest Of Iran ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Background: Recent studies show that heatwaves pose risks to human health. Iran is exposed to heatwaves, but the evidence for the health impact of heatwaves is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the impact of heatwaves on daily deaths from non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory in the city of Dezful in Iran from 2013 to 2019.Method: We collected daily ambient temperature and mortality and defined two types of heatwaves by combining daily temperature ³90thin each month of the study period or since 30 years with duration ³2 and 3 days. We used a distributed lag non-linear model to investigate the association between each type of heatwave definition and deaths from non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory with lags up to 13 days.Results: Heat waves of both definitions were associated with a higher risk of non-accidental mortality. The association between heat waves and mortality appeared acutely and lasted for 3 and 4 days. The main effect and added effect are more pronounced among male and older adults than their counterparts. We found no evidence of an association of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths with heat waves.Conclusion: Dezful is a city with a hot climate. However, the results showed that heatwaves could have detrimental effects on health, even in populations accustomed to the extreme heat. Therefore, early warning systems which monitor heat waves should provide the necessary warnings to all exposed groups, especially the elderly and the male groups.

scholarly journals Mortality due to respiratory diseases in the elderly after influenza vaccination campaigns in the Federal District, Brazil, 1996-2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Magalhães Scoralick ◽  
Luciana Paganini Piazzolla ◽  
Liana Laura Pires ◽  
Cleudsom Neri ◽  
Wladimir Kummer de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Proportional Mortality

OBJECTIVE: To compare mortality rates due to respiratory diseases among elderly individuals residing in the Federal District of Brasília, Brazil, prior to and after the implementation of a national influenza vaccination campaign. METHODS: This was an ecological time series analysis. Data regarding the population of individuals who were over 60 years of age between 1996 and 2009 were obtained from official databases. The variables of interest were the crude mortality rate (CMR), the mortality rate due to the respiratory disease (MRRD), and the proportional mortality ratio (PMR) for respiratory diseases. We performed a qualitative analysis of the data for the period prior to and after the implementation of the vaccination campaign (1996-1999 and 2000-2009, respectively). RESULTS: The CMR increased with advancing age. Over the course of the study period, we observed reductions in the CMR in all of the age brackets studied, particularly among those aged 80 years or older. Reductions in the MRRD were also found in all of the age groups, especially in those aged 80 years or older. In addition, there was a decrease in the PMR for respiratory diseases in all age groups throughout the study period. The most pronounced decrease in the PMR for respiratory diseases in the ≥ 70 year age bracket occurred in 2000 (immediately following the implementation of the national vaccination campaign); in 2001, that rate increased in all age groups, despite the greater adherence to the vaccination campaign in comparison with that recorded for 2000. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination appears to have a positive impact on the prevention of mortality due to respiratory diseases, particularly in the population aged 70 or over.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of air pollution on the urban population of Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. S529-S536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Marcilio ◽  
Nelson Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Time Series Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Respiratory Causes

This study aimed to quantify air pollution impact on morbidity and mortality in the Brazilian urban population using locally generated impact factors. Concentration-response coefficients were used to estimate the number of hospitalizations and deaths attributable to air pollution in seven Brazilian cities. Poisson regression coefficients (beta) were obtained from time-series studies conducted in Brazil. The study included individuals 65 years old and over and children under five. More than 600 deaths a year from respiratory causes in the elderly and 47 in children were attributable to mean air pollution levels, corresponding to 4.9% and 5.5% of all deaths from respiratory causes in these age groups. More than 4,000 hospital admissions for respiratory conditions were also attributable to air pollution. These results quantitatively demonstrate the currently observed contribution of air pollution to mortality and hospitalizations in Brazilian cities. Such assessment is thought to help support the planning of surveillance and control activities for air pollution in these and similar areas.

scholarly journals Premature mortality attributable to COVID-19: potential years of life lost in 17 countries around the world, January–August 2020

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maider Pagola Ugarte ◽  
Souzana Achilleos ◽  
Annalisa Quattrocchi ◽  
John Gabel ◽  
Ourania Kolokotroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Understanding the impact of the burden of COVID-19 is key to successfully navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a larger investigation on COVID-19 mortality impact, this study aims to estimate the Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) in 17 countries and territories across the world (Australia, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Peru, Norway, England & Wales, Scotland, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, and the United States [USA]). Methods Age- and sex-specific COVID-19 death numbers from primary national sources were collected by an international research consortium. The study period was established based on the availability of data from the inception of the pandemic to the end of August 2020. The PYLL for each country were computed using 80 years as the maximum life expectancy. Results As of August 2020, 442,677 (range: 18–185,083) deaths attributed to COVID-19 were recorded in 17 countries which translated to 4,210,654 (range: 112–1,554,225) PYLL. The average PYLL per death was 8.7 years, with substantial variation ranging from 2.7 years in Australia to 19.3 PYLL in Ukraine. North and South American countries as well as England & Wales, Scotland and Sweden experienced the highest PYLL per 100,000 population; whereas Australia, Slovenia and Georgia experienced the lowest. Overall, males experienced higher PYLL rate and higher PYLL per death than females. In most countries, most of the PYLL were observed for people aged over 60 or 65 years, irrespective of sex. Yet, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Israel, Peru, Scotland, Ukraine, and the USA concentrated most PYLL in younger age groups. Conclusions Our results highlight the role of PYLL as a tool to understand the impact of COVID-19 on demographic groups within and across countries, guiding preventive measures to protect these groups under the ongoing pandemic. Continuous monitoring of PYLL is therefore needed to better understand the burden of COVID-19 in terms of premature mortality.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of vaccination rollout and NPIs lifting on COVID-19 transmission with VOC: a case study in Toronto, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Aruffo ◽  
Pei Yuan ◽  
Yi Tan ◽  
Evgenia Gatov ◽  
Iain Moyles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Initial Strategy ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background: Since December 2020, public health agencies have implemented a variety of vaccination strategies to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2, along with pre-existing Nonpharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs). Initial strategy focused on vaccinating the elderly to prevent hospitalizations and deaths. With vaccines becoming available to the broader population, we aimed to determine the optimal strategy to enable the safe lifting of NPIs while avoiding virus resurgence. Methods: We developed a compartmental deterministic SEIR model to simulate the lifting of NPIs under different vaccination rollout scenarios. Using case and vaccination data from Toronto, Canada between December 28, 2020 and May 19, 2021, we estimated transmission throughout past stages of NPI escalation/relaxation to compare the impact of lifting NPIs on different dates on cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, given varying degrees of vaccine coverages by 20-year age groups, accounting for waning immunity. Results: We found that, once coverage among the elderly is high enough (80% with at least one dose), the main age groups to target are 20-39 and 40-59 years, whereby first-dose coverage of at least 70% by mid-June 2021 is needed to minimize the possibility of resurgence if NPIs are to be lifted in the summer. While a resurgence was observed for every scenario of NPI lifting, we also found that under an optimistic vaccination coverage (70% by mid-June, postponing reopening from August 2021 to September 2021can reduce case counts and severe outcomes by roughly 80% by December 31, 2021. Conclusions: Our results suggest that focusing the vaccination strategy on the working-age population can curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, even with high vaccination coverage in adults, lifting NPIs to pre-pandemic levels is not advisable since a resurgence is expected to occur, especially with earlier reopening.

scholarly journals Causes of hospital admissions and deaths among Brazilian elders between 2005 and 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Rossetto ◽  
Juana Vieira Soares ◽  
Mayara Lindner Brandão ◽  
Ninon Girardon da Rosa ◽  
Idiane Rosset
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Gender And Age

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the ranking and percentage variation of the main causes of hospital admissions and death of Brazilian elders between 2005 and 2015, according to gender and age groups. METHOD Retrospective and temporal analysis study. The six main causes of hospitalization and death of elders were collected in DATASUS according to sex and age groups (60 ~ 79, ≥80) in 2017. RESULTS Heart Failure (2005) and pneumonia (2015) were the two main causes of hospital admissions in both sexes and age groups, except for the younger group. Acute Myocardial Infarction was the main cause of death in 2005 and 2015. The second cause in the overall ranking was the Stroke in 2005 and Pneumonia in 2015. CONCLUSION Circulatory and respiratory diseases were the main causes of hospital admissions and death among the elderly, highlighting the impotant increase in pneumonia as a cause of morbimortality.

scholarly journals Neurological diseases in Peru: a systematic analysis of the global burden disease study

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-289
Author(s):  
Carlos ALVA-DÍAZ ◽  
Andrely HUERTA-ROSARIO ◽  
Kevin PACHECO-BARRIOS ◽  
Roberto A. MOLINA ◽  
Alba NAVARRO-FLORES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background: Disease burden indicators assess the impact of disease on a population. They integrate mortality and disability in a single indicator. This allows setting priorities for health services and focusing resources. Objective: To analyze the burden of neurological diseases in Peru from 1990-2015. Methods: A descriptive study that used the epidemiological data published by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation of Global Burden of Diseases from 1990 to 2015. Disease burden was measured using disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), which results from the addition of the years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). Results: The burden of neurological diseases in Peru were 9.06 and 10.65%, in 1990 and 2015, respectively. In 2015, the main causes were migraine, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), neonatal encephalopathy (NE), and Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (ADD). This last group and nervous system cancer (NSC) increased 157 and 183% of DALY compared to 1990, respectively. Young population (25 to 44 years old) and older (>85 years old) were the age groups with the highest DALY. The neurological diseases produced 11.06 and 10.02% of the national YLL (CVD as the leading cause) and YLD (migraine as the main cause), respectively. Conclusion: The burden of disease (BD) increased by 1.6% from 1990 to 2015. The main causes were migraine, CVD, and NE. ADD and NSC doubled the DALY in this period. These diseases represent a significant cause of disability attributable to the increase in the life expectancy of our population among other factors. Priority actions should be taken to prevent and treat these causes.

scholarly journals Disability and the risk of subsequent mortality in elderly: a 12-year longitudinal population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zhaohui Du ◽  
Yafei Liu ◽  
Jiahui Lao ◽  
Xiaoru Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Young Old

Abstract Background Assessment the impact of disability on mortality among the elderly is vital to healthy ageing. The present study aimed to assess the long-term influence of disability on death in the elderly based on a longitudinal study. Method This study used the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS) data from 2002 to 2014, including 13,666 participants aged 65 years and older in analyses. The Katz ADL index was used to assess disability status and levels. Cumulative mortality rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to estimate associations between disability and all-cause mortality for overall participants, two age groups as well as specific chronic disease groups. All reported results were adjusted by survey weights to account for the complex survey design. Results During the 12-year follow-up, the death density was 6.01 per 100 person-years. The 3-years’ cumulative mortality rate of nondisabled elderly was 11.9% (95%CI: 10.9, 12.9%). As the level of disability increased, the cumulative mortality rate was from 28.1% (95%CI: 23.0, 33.1%) to 77.6% (95%CI: 63.8, 91.4%). Compared with non-disabled elderly, the multiple-adjusted hazard ratio of death due to disability was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.48, 1.90). The hazard ratios varied from 1.44 (95%CI: 1.23, 1.67) to 4.45 (95%CI: 2.69, 7.38) after classifying the disability levels. The hazard ratios of death in the young-old group (65–79 years) were higher than the old-old group (80 years and over) in both level B (HR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.00 vs. HR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.39, P = 0.029) and level G (HR = 24.09, 95%CI: 10.83, 53.60 vs. HR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.75, 3.74, P < 0.001). For patients with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease as well as dementia, disability increases their relative risk of mortality by 1.64 (95%CI: 1.40, 1.93), 2.85 (95%CI: 1.46, 5.58), 1.45 (95%CI: 1.02, 2.05), 2.13 (95%CI: 1.54, 2.93) and 3.56 (95%CI: 1.22, 10.38) times, respectively. Conclusions Disability increases the risk of all-cause death in the elderly, especially those with chronic diseases and the young-old group. Further studies are needed to better understand how to effectively prevent disability in the older population.

scholarly journals Survival Analysis of Hospitalized Elderly People with Fractures in Brazil Over One Year

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Brenda Kelly Gonçalves Nunes ◽  
Brunna Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Lara Cristina da Cunha Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Claci Fátima Weirich Rosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Hospitalized Elderly ◽  
Study Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study analyzes the causes of death, survival, and other related factors in hospitalized elderly people with fractures over the course of one year. Methods: We followed 376 fracture patients for one year in a prospective cohort study to a reference hospital in central Brazil. The Cox regression model was used to analyze factors associated with survival. Results: The results indicate that the one-year mortality rate was high (22.9%). The independent factors linked to lower overall survival were as follows: patients aged ≥80 years with previous intensive care unit (ICU) admission and presence of comorbidities (diabetes mellitus [DM] and dementia). Conclusion: Our study results may contribute to a better understanding of the impact of fractures on the elderly population and reinforce the need to oversee age-groups, diabetic patients, and patients with complications during hospitalization.

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