scholarly journals Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): 3D-Analysis of Palatal Depth and 3D-Metric Facial Length

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Blanck-Lubarsch ◽  
Dieter Dirksen ◽  
Reinhold Feldmann ◽  
Cristina Sauerland ◽  
Ariane Hohoff
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
Age Range

Background: Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can result in severe developmental disorders in the child. Symptoms of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) comprise growth deficiencies, abnormal facial phenotype and damage or dysfunction of the central nervous system. Numerous diagnostic methods for facial phenotyping in FASD exist, but diagnoses are still difficult. Our aim was to find additional and objective methods for the verification of FAS(D). Methods: Three-dimensional dental models of 60 children (30 FAS and 30 controls) were used to metrically determine maximum palatal depths at the median palatine raphe. Three-dimensional facial scans were taken, and vertical distances of the face were measured at five defined facial landmarks (FP1–FP5) for each child. Results: Mean palatal height, total facial length (FP1–FP5) as well as FP4–FP5 did not significantly differ between the FAS group and the control group. Comparing vertical facial subdivisions, however, resulted in significant differences for distances FP1 to FP2 (p = 0.042, FAS > controls), FP2 to FP3 (p < 0.001, FAS < controls), FP3 to FP4 (p < 0.001, FAS > controls) and FP3 to FP5 (p = 0.007, FAS > controls). Conclusions: Metric vertical measurements of the face can be used as additional objective criteria for FAS diagnoses. However, no significant differences were reported for palatal depth evaluation in the specific age range tested in the present study.

scholarly journals Early neonatal features of juvenile offenders

2022 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
D. A. Yakhieva-Onikhimovskaia ◽  
S. M. Kolesnikova ◽  
E. N. Suprun ◽  
V. V. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Oxygen Starvation ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Objective: Identification of perinatal risk factors as differential predictors of violent and non-violent crimes among children and adolescents who come under the attention of juvenile departments of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.Methods: Study of the perinatal history data of 148 juvenile offenders of comparable age (13-16 years old), selected using continuous sampling method in the course of a clinical observational cohort retrospective study.Results: Children from the control group in half of the cases were “late premature” (48%), with protein-energy malnutrition (frequency of occurrence of FGRP 56.8% BMI 56.1 ± 13.65). The beginning of their life was accompanied by a low score according to Apgar scale (6.9 ± 1.81). From the first minutes of life, they required urgent therapy in the delivery room (35.9%) and subsequent treatment at the ICU (25.7%) due to the damage of the respiratory system (asphyxia 11.5%, RDS 19.6%, episodes of apnea 16.2 %) and increasing dysfunction of the central nervous system (IVH II-IV grade 24.3%). Subsequently, they demonstrated a disruption of early neonatal adaptation and a clinical picture of the realization of intrauterine fetal developmental disorders, which arose both as a result of improper metabolism and of a prolonged oxygen starvation (adrenal hypoplasia 27.7%, cardiomyopathy 29.7%, hypoxia 48.6%).Conclusions: The initial protein-energy deficiency revealed in the course of the study if accompanied by the course of both acute and chronic oxygen starvation could influence the formation of destructive behavior in the group of juvenile offenders.

Fetal alcohol syndrome – a literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ludwików ◽  
Konrad Małkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Medical Specialties

The fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a syndrome of congenital somatic and neurological defects occurring in children of mothers who drank alcohol during their pregnancy. Both ethanol and its main metabolite, acetic aldehyde cause developmental disorders in the fetus. The full spectrum FAS includes characteristic abnormalities in the structure of the facial skeleton, height and weight deficits as well as damage in the structure and functions of the central nervous system. The FAS is an incurable disorder and the most severe one among developmental disorders resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol. In Poland, according to the estimates of Państwowa Agencja Rozwiązywania Problemów Alkoholowych (PARPA) - the State Agency for Prevention of Alcohol-Related Problems, three in a thousand of live births may be affected by the FAS. So far, an alcohol dose that would be safe for the fetus has not been determined and any quantity poses a risk of disturbances in a child’s development. <b>Aim.</b> This paper is aimed at getting to know better the problems of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, presentation of its symptoms and diagnostic methods based on an analysis of available literature. <b>Material and methods.</b> A literature review was conducted based on the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, Polska Bibliografia Lekarska /Polish Medical Bibliography/, with the use of the key words: FAS, fetal alcohol syndrome, facial abnormalities, prenatal alcohol exposure. For analysis, 35 papers published in the years 1968-2016 in the Polish and English languages were selected. <b>Conclusions.</b> Although for the diagnostics of the fetal alcohol syndrome in Poland a four-digit diagnostic code is applied, the FAS continues to represent a difficult diagnostic challenge and its correct diagnosis requires collaboration of physicians in numerous medical specialties.

scholarly journals 3D-Analysis of Mouth, Nose and Eye Parameters in Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Blanck-Lubarsch ◽  
Dieter Dirksen ◽  
Reinhold Feldmann ◽  
Cristina Sauerland ◽  
Ariane Hohoff
Keyword(s):  
Transition Point ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Palpebral Fissure ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a developmental disorder with severe negative lifetime consequences for the affected person. Numerous diagnostic methods for facial assessment in FAS exist, but most of them are based on subjective evaluations. Our aim was therefore to find objective methods for the verification of FAS(D). Methods: 58 children (28 FAS; 30 controls) were examined prospectively. 3D facial scans were performed for each child and facial parameters at the mouth, nose and eye regions were measured and compared between the groups. Results: Significant differences could be found for the distance between right and left sulcus nasi at the transition point to the philtrum (p < 0.001), for the inner canthal distance (p = 0.001) as well as for the right and left palpebral fissure length (p < 0.001). No significant difference between the FAS and control children could be found for the measurements of mouth breadth (p = 0.267) and breadth between the left and right alares nasi (p = 0.260). Conclusions: Measurements of mouth breadth and nose breadth for the alares nasi are not suitable for FAS diagnosis. In contrast, digital contactless measurements of the distance between the right and left sulcus nasi at the transition point to the philtrum, as well as the inner canthal distance and palpebral fissure length of the left and right eyes, showed significant differences when comparing children with FAS to healthy controls. These measurements could thus be additional objective means for the verification of FAS.

scholarly journals P333 Left ventricular rotational abnormalities in hypereosinophilic syndrome as assessed by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nemes ◽  
A Kormanyos ◽  
I Marton ◽  
P Domsik ◽  
A Kalapos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apical Rotation ◽  
Basal Rotation

Abstract Introduction Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a very heterogeneous group of disorders with varied etiologies characterized by peripheral eosinophilia and eosinophilic tissue/end-organ damage. In the present study, the ability of a novel non-invasive clinical tool, three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) was investigated to reveal any change in left ventricular (LV) rotational mechanics in clinically asymptomatic HES patients without manifest organ damage as determined by conventional diagnostic methods. Methods The present study comprised 13 patients established diagnosis of HES. However, one patient with idiopathic HES has been excluded due to insufficient image quality. The remaining patient population contained 11 cases with idiopathic HES and one patient with acute T-lymphoma associated HES (mean age: 59.7 ± 13.7 years, 8 males). The control group consisted of 36 healthy volunteers (mean age: 52.9 ± 8.3 years, 23 males). All HES patients and controls underwent complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and 3DSTE. Results Both LV apical rotation (4.86 ± 1.92 degree vs. 10.07 ± 3.92 degree, p &lt; 0.0001) and LV twist (8.52 ± 2.79 degree vs. 14.41 ± 4.26 degree, p &lt; 0.0001) showed significant deteriotations in most of HES patients. In 2 subjects absence of LV twist called as LV „rigid body rotation’ (RBR) was detected. One patient had 1.77 degree counterclockwise (abnormally directed) LV basal rotation and 14.29 degree counterclockwise (normally directed) LV apical rotation resulting in 12.59 degree LV apico-basal gradient. The other patient had normally directed -2.09 degree LV basal rotation and almost zero (-0.27 degree) LV apical rotation resulting in 1.82 degree LV apico-basal gradient. Conclusions Reduced LV apical rotation and twist could be demonstrated in HES. LV-RBR could be detected in some HES patients.

scholarly journals Sagittal Relationship between the Maxillary Central Incisors and the Forehead in Digital Twins of Korean Adult Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Seoung-Won Cho ◽  
Soo-Hwan Byun ◽  
Sangmin Yi ◽  
Won-Seok Jang ◽  
Jong-Cheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Korean Adult

Objective: Digital twins of adult Korean females were created as a tool to evaluate and compare the sagittal relationship between the maxillary central incisors and the forehead before and after orthodontic treatment. Methods: Digital twins were reconstructed for a total of 50 adult female patients using facial scans and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The anteroposterior position of the maxillary central incisor and the forehead inclination were measured. Results: The control group presented a mean of 6.7 mm for the sagittal position and 17.5° for forehead inclination. The study group showed a mean of 9.3 mm for the sagittal position and 13.6° for forehead inclination. Most Korean females seeking orthodontic treatment had their maxillary central incisor anterior to the glabella. In contrast, fewer Korean females who completed their orthodontic treatments had their maxillary central incisor anterior to the glabella. Furthermore, patients who had completed the orthodontic treatment were more likely to have the maxillary central incisor between the forehead facial axis and glabella. Conclusion: The use of digital twins for three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the profile implies a high clinical significance. In addition, as the facial profile of Koreans is different from that of Caucasians, careful consideration should be made when setting treatment goals for the anteroposterior position of the maxillary central incisors.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Child Cleft Face

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duffy ◽  
J. H. Noar ◽  
R. D. Evans ◽  
R. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Linear Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Face Width ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mouth Width ◽  
And Control

Objective This study examined the facial surfaces of cleft children and unaffected children aged 8–11 years with the aim of identifying and assessing differences in their facial surface morphology. The investigation was carried out using an Optical Surface Scanner, an instrument that utilizes laser light to construct and archive a three-dimensional image of the face suitable for linear measurement and direct surface comparisons. Design, Setting, and Patients Thirty-nine cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients and 25 unaffected subjects were voluntarily recruited from two southeast England hospitals. A range of linear facial measurements was compared. Three-dimensional differences between the cleft subgroups and the control group were visualized by superimposition of averaged cleft scans over the averaged control group images. Results Statistically significant dimensional differences (p ≤ .05) in interocular width, nose base widths, mouth widths, and nose base/mouth width ratios were found between the cleft group and the control group. Qualitative differences over the whole of the face were readily demonstrated between the groups by superimposition. Face width and submandibular area depth differed consistently between the groups, the cleft face appearing narrower with a deeper submandibular area. Conclusion Significant differences exist between the facial surface morphology of CLP patients and control subjects.

scholarly journals Saccadic movements using eye-tracking technology in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: pilot study

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (3a) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos T. Mercadante ◽  
Elizeu C. Macedo ◽  
Patrícia M. Baptista ◽  
Cristiane S. Paula ◽  
José S. Schwartzman
Keyword(s):  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Scanning Strategies ◽  
Tracking Technology

OBJECTIVE: To verify differences in the visual scanning strategies between pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and controls when they are observing social and non-social pictures. METHOD: PDD group (PDDG) comprised by 10 non-retarded subjects (age from 4 to 41) and age-matched control group (CG). Nine social pictures with human beings (including two pictures of cat mask), and 3 nonsocial pictures of objects were presented for 5 seconds. Saccadic movements and fixation were recorded with equipment EyeGaze® (LC Technologies Inc.). RESULTS: PDDG (mean=292.73, SE=67.62) presented longer duration of saccadic movements for social pictures compared to CG (mean=136.06, SE=14.01) (p=0.04). The CG showed a higher number of fixations in the picture 7 (a women using a cat mask, with the eyes erased) (CG: mean=3.40; PDDG: mean=1.80; p=0.007). CONCLUSION: The results suggest differences in strategies that PDD explore human picture. Moreover, these strategies seem not to be affected by the lack of expected part of the face (the eyes).

scholarly journals Craniofacial Asymmetry from One to Three Years of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study with 3D Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anniina M. Launonen ◽  
Ville Vuollo ◽  
Henri Aarnivala ◽  
Tuomo Heikkinen ◽  
Pertti Pirttiniemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Asymmetric Effect ◽  
Deformational Plagiocephaly ◽  
Facial Symmetry ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact

Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) is considered a risk factor for facial asymmetry. This cohort-based, prospective, follow-up study used three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry to assess the development of facial asymmetry in a normal birth cohort and to investigate the impact of DP on facial asymmetry for the age range of one to three years. The study sample consisted of 75 children: 35 girls (47%) and 40 (53%) boys recruited from Oulu University Hospital. A total of 23 (31%) subjects had a history of DP in infancy. 3D facial images were obtained at the mean (SD) age of 1.01 (0.04) year old at T1 and 3.02 (0.14) years old at T2. To determine facial asymmetry, both landmark-based and surface-based facial symmetry methods were used. As measured with the surface-based methods, upper facial symmetry improved from T1 to T2 (p < 0.05). As measured with the landmark-based methods, facial symmetry improved on the upper and lower jaw from T1 to T2 (p < 0.05). The asymmetric effect of DP on the upper parts of the face tends to correct spontaneously during growth. Results indicate that previous DP does not seem to transfer to facial or occlusal asymmetry at the age of three years old.

scholarly journals Quantification of 3D Brain Microangioarchitectures in an Animal Model of Krabbe Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Righi ◽  
Mirella Belleri ◽  
Marco Presta ◽  
Arianna Giacomini
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Spatial Dispersion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Krabbe Disease ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Microvascular Network ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Central Nervous System

We performed a three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the microvascular network of the cerebral cortex of twitcher mice (an authentic model of Krabbe disease) using a restricted set of indexes that are able to describe the arrangement of the microvascular tree in CD31-stained sections. We obtained a near-linear graphical “fingerprint” of the microangioarchitecture of wild-type and twitcher animals that describes the amounts, spatial dispersion, and spatial relationships of adjacent classes of caliber-filtered microvessels. We observed significant alterations of the microangioarchitecture of the cerebral cortex of twitcher mice, whereas no alterations occur in renal microvessels, which is keeping with the observation that kidney is an organ that is not affected by the disease. This approach may represent an important starting point for the study of the microvascular changes that occur in the central nervous system (CNS) under different physiopathological conditions.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometric analysis of the palatal morphology in children with impacted incisors: A three-dimensional evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Pavoni ◽  
Valeria Paoloni ◽  
Luis Tomas Huanca Ghislanzoni ◽  
Giuseppina Laganà ◽  
Paola Cozza
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Palatal Vault

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze variations in palatal morphology in subjects presenting unilaterally impacted maxillary permanent central incisors compared with a control group of subjects without eruption anomalies using a three-dimensional (3D) analysis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six white subjects (10 girls and 16 boys; mean age 9.5 ± 1.5 years) with unilaterally impacted maxillary permanent central incisors (impacted incisor group [IIG]) were compared with a control group (CG) of 26 subjects (14 girls and 12 boys, mean age 8.7 ± 1.6 years) presenting no eruption disorders. For each subject, dental casts were taken and the upper arch was scanned using a 3D laser scanner. To study the entirety of the shape of the palate in any point of the surface, 3D geometric morphometrics was applied. Results: Subjects with impacted maxillary incisors showed skeletal adaptations of the maxilla. In the IIG, both the superior palatal region and lateral palatal surface showed significantly different morphology when compared with CG, with a narrower and higher palatal vault. Conclusion: The absence of maxillary central incisors over the physiological age of eruption influenced the development of the palatal morphology compared with subjects without eruption anomalies.

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