E-Cigarette Use by Smoking Status in Estonia, 2012–2018

Background: In the context of declining smoking rates in Estonia, this study aims to analyze the recent trends in e-cigarette use and its associations with smoking status and sociodemographic factors. Methods: Nationally representative data from biennial cross-sectional health surveys in 2012–2018 (n = 9988) were used to describe the prevalence of smoking and e-cigarette use by smoking status in Estonia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to describe the sociodemographic patterns of e-cigarette use in three subgroups: the general population, smokers, and ex-smokers. Results: The prevalence of current smoking decreased from 45.4% in 2012 to 31.5% in 2018 among men and from 26.6% to 20.0% among women. At the same time, e-cigarette use in the general population had increased to 3.7% among men and to 1.2% among women. The increase in the prevalence of e-cigarette use was statistically significant among men in the general population, smokers, and ex-smokers, but non-significant among women. In addition to period effects, e-cigarette use was patterned by age, gender, and education. Conclusion: In 2002–2018, the e-cigarette use had increased but smoking had decreased in Estonia. A timely and targeted tobacco policy may alleviate the harm of e-cigarette use from the public health perspective.

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Sociodemographic correlates of occupational, recreational and firearm noise exposure among adults in the USA

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215120000134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (2) ◽

pp. 121-127

Author(s):

A P Knewitz ◽

M C Simpson ◽

D A Harris ◽

J M Sappington ◽

N Osazuwa-Peters

Keyword(s):

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Occupational Noise ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Usa ◽

Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveTo determine sociodemographic factors associated with occupational, recreational and firearm-related noise exposure.MethodsThis nationally representative, multistage, stratified, cluster cross-sectional study sampled eligible National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants aged 20–69 years (n = 4675) about exposure to occupational and recreational noise and recurrent firearm usage, using a weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThirty-four per cent of participants had exposure to occupational noise and 12 per cent to recreational noise, and 13 per cent repeatedly used firearms. Males were more likely than females to have exposure to all three noise types (adjusted odds ratio range = 2.63–14.09). Hispanics and Asians were less likely to have exposure to the three noise types than Whites. Blacks were less likely than Whites to have occupational and recurrent firearm noise exposure. Those with insurance were 26 per cent less likely to have exposure to occupational noise than those without insurance (adjusted odds ratio = 0.74, 95 per cent confidence interval = 0.60–0.93).ConclusionWhites, males and uninsured people are more likely to have exposure to potentially hazardous loud noise.

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Prevalence of Flavored e-Cigarette Use Among Subpopulations of Adults in the United States

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/djaa118 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adam M Leventhal ◽

Hongying Dai

Keyword(s):

Smoking Status ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

The United States ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Never Smokers

Abstract Background Evidence of US adult flavored e-cigarette use prevalence stratified by age, smoking status, and purpose for vaping (ie, quitting smoking, to use when or where smoking is not allowed) can inform policies that reduce the tobacco-related cancer burden. Methods Current flavored e-cigarette use (use 1 or more nontobacco flavors) prevalence estimates were compared across subpopulation groups using 2-sided statistical significance tests in the July 2018 Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplement, a nationally representative cross-sectional adult survey (n = 46 759). Results Current flavored e-cigarette use was reported by 1.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47% to 1.69%) of all respondents. Among current vapers, the percentage of those who used flavored e-cigarettes was higher for adults aged 18-24 years (89.6%), 25-34 years (86.7%), and 35-44 years (76.0%) than for adults aged 45 years and older (60.4%, Ps < .001); was higher in never smokers (89.8%) than current (72.9%), long-term former (73.9%), and recent former (80.4%) smokers (Ps ≤ .009); was higher in smokers who reportedly did (78.9%) vs did not (71.1%) use e-cigarettes to vape where or when smoking is not allowed (P = .005); and did not differ between smokers who reportedly did (75.0%) vs did not (73.9%) vape to quit smoking (P = .71). Individuals who vaped to quit smoking and currently used flavored e-cigarettes constituted 0.9% (95% CI = 0.82% to 0.99%) of all adults (weighted N = 2 251 000, 95% CI = 2 046 000 to 2 476 000) and 57.2% of current flavored e-cigarette users. Conclusions Flavored e-cigarette use prevalence was low among US adults overall but common for current vapers. Flavored e-cigarette use was disproportionately prevalent among never smokers and other subpopulations that might experience harm from vaping.

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Ever Use of E-Cigarettes Among Adults in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sociodemographic Factors

INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing ◽

10.1177/0046958019864479 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 004695801986447 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sericea Stallings-Smith ◽

Taylor Ballantyne

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

High School ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

The United States ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nationally Representative

E-cigarette use among adolescents is well-documented, but less is known about adult users of e-cigarettes. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and e-cigarette use in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States. Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for years 2015-2016 were analyzed to assess e-cigarette use among 5989 adults aged ≥18 years. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine associations between the sociodemographic exposures of age, sex, race, marital status, education level, employment status, and poverty-income ratio and the outcome of e-cigarette use. The weighted prevalence of ever use of e-cigarettes was 20%. Compared with adults aged ≥55 years, odds of e-cigarette use were 4.77 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.63-6.27) higher among ages 18 to 34 years and 2.16 times (95% CI = 1.49-3.14) higher among ages 35 to 54 years. Higher odds of e-cigarette use were observed among widowed/divorced/separated participants compared with those who were married/living with a partner, among participants with less than high school (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.08-2.00) or high school/general educational development (GED) education (OR=1.41; 95% CI = 1.12-1.77) compared with those with college degrees/some college, and among those with incomes below the poverty level (OR=1.31; 95% CI = 1.01-1.69) compared with above the poverty level. For non-smokers of conventional cigarettes, higher odds of e-cigarette use were observed among males compared with females, Mexican Americans/Other Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites, and non-working participants compared with those who were working. Overall findings indicate that individuals who are widowed/divorced/separated, individuals with lower education, and with incomes below the poverty level are likely to report ever use of e-cigarettes. As increasing evidence demonstrates negative health consequences, e-cigarette initiation may ultimately contribute to additional smoking-related health inequalities even among non-smokers of conventional cigarettes.

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Self-rated health and smoking among physicians and general population with higher education in Estonia: results from cross-sectional studies in 2002 and 2014

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-019-0376-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kersti Pärna ◽

Inge Ringmets ◽

Sävelin Siida

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

General Population ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Study Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Physicians ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Self Rated Health

Abstract Background Poor self-rated health (SRH) and smoking have consistently been shown to be related to mortality. The aim of this study was to explore SRH and smoking among physicians and general population with higher education in Estonia in 2002 and 2014 and to analyse the association of SRH with smoking and sociodemographic factors. Methods This study was based on cross-sectional postal surveys among physicians and general population with higher education in Estonia n in 2002 and 2014. Calculation of age-standardized prevalence of SRH and current smoking with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was performed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to measure association between SRH (at-least-good vs less-than good) and smoking status, study year, age group, ethnicity, and marital status. Fully adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI were computed. Results Age-standardized prevalence of at-least-good SRH was 71.3 and 80.6% among male physicians, 68.4 and 83.1% among female physicians, 45.4 and 67.4% among men with higher education, and 44.7 and 63.1% among women with higher education in 2002 and 2014, respectively. Age-standardized prevalence of current smoking was 26.0 and 15.6% among male physicians, 10.2 and 5.9% among female physicians, 38.7 and 22.2% among men with higher education, and 20.9 and 16.4% among women with higher education in 2002 and 2014, respectively. There was no significant gender difference in at-least-good SRH, but prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher among men in both study groups in 2002 and 2014. Compared to year 2002, odds to have at-least-good SRH was higher in 2014 (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.16–2.31 among male and OR = 2.36; 95% CI 2.02–2.75 among female physicians, OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.07–2.07 among men and OR = 2.40; 95% CI 1.84–3.13). Odds to have at-least-good SRH was significantly higher among non-smokers (except female physicians), in the youngest age group, and among Estonians. Conclusions This study gave an overview of differences in SRH and smoking between two target groups with higher education in two timepoints highlighting the importance of addressing smoking cessation counselling and health promotion campaigns in the population by different subgroups in Estonia.

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Perception of Harms and Benefits of Electronic Cigarettes Among Adult Malaysian Men: A Comparison by Electronic Cigarette Use and Smoking Status

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1010539519860730 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (7_suppl) ◽

pp. 32S-43S ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Caryn Mei Hsien Chan ◽

Jamalludin Ab Rahman ◽

Guat Hiong Tee ◽

Lei Hum Wee ◽

Bee Kiau Ho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Government Employees ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Wage Earners ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

The Relationship

Little is known about the perceptions of harm and benefit associated with the use of e-cigarettes in Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample comprising 1987 males (≥18 years of age). Current, former, and never users of conventional cigarettes and/or e-cigarettes participated in a questionnaire study conducted via face-to-face interviews. The relationship between participant characteristics and perceptions of harm and benefit of e-cigarettes were determined with multivariable logistic regression. There were 950 current, 377 former, and 660 never users of e-cigarettes. Government employees (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29-2.66, P = .001), private sector employees (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.27-2.18, P = .001), and the self-employed people (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.31-2.17, P = .001) were more likely to perceive e-cigarettes as more harmful than conventional cigarettes compared with respondents who were not wage earners. All current users in the form of e-cigarette users (OR = 7.87, 95% CI = 3.23-19.18), conventional cigarette smokers (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.39-2.33), and dual users (OR = 8.59, 95% CI = 4.76-15.52) were more likely to perceive e-cigarettes as useful in quitting conventional cigarette smoking compared with former and never users. Our findings constitute an important snapshot into the perceptions of e-cigarette harms and benefits, which could inform targeted public health messaging strategies.

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COVID-19 vaccination acceptability in the UK at the start of the vaccination programme: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey (CoVAccS wave 2)

10.1101/2021.04.06.21254973 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Susan Mary Sherman ◽

Julius Sim ◽

Megan Cutts ◽

Hannah Dasch ◽

Richard Amlot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Programme ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Attitudes And Beliefs ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Uk ◽

Full Regression Model ◽

National Vaccination Programme

Aim: To investigate factors associated with intention to have the COVID-19 vaccination following initiation of the UK national vaccination programme. Methods: 1,500 adults completed an online cross-sectional survey (13th to 15th January 2021). Linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations between intention to be vaccinated for COVID-19 and sociodemographic factors, previous influenza vaccination, attitudes and beliefs about COVID-19, attitudes and beliefs about COVID-19 vaccination and vaccination in general. Participants main reasons for likely vaccination uptake/decline were also solicited. Results: 73.5% of participants (95% CI 71.2%, 75.7%) reported being likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19, 17.3% were unsure (95% CI 15.4%, 19.3%), and 9.3% (95% CI 7.9%, 10.8%) reported being unlikely to be vaccinated. The full regression model explained 69.8% of the variance in intention. Intention was associated with having been/intending to be vaccinated for influenza last winter/this winter, and with stronger beliefs about social acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine; the need for vaccination; adequacy of information about the vaccine; and weaker beliefs that the vaccine is unsafe. Beliefs that only those at serious risk of illness should be vaccinated and that the vaccines are just a means for manufacturers to make money were negatively associated with vaccination intention. Conclusions: Most participants reported being likely to get the COVID-19 vaccination. COVID-19 vaccination attitudes and beliefs are a crucial factor underpinning vaccine intention. Continued engagement with the public with a focus on the importance and safety of vaccination is recommended.

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Association of breastfeeding and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in postmenopausal parous women: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010 ~ 2016)

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00607-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jusuk Lee ◽

Taehong Kim

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Korean Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding (BF) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) is important for maternal long-term health benefits and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the association between BF and Mets and its components among postmenopausal parous Korean women. Methods This cross-sectional study on 10,356 Korean women used nationally representative data from the KNHANES from 2010 to 2016. Anthropometric, laboratory data and manual BP were measured. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of BF with Mets and its components after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A p-value < 0.05 was to be considered statistically significant. Results Mets was present in 42% of the study participants. The BF group had low household income and education level. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group was higher than that in the non-BF group (42.69% vs. 34.76%, p < 0.001). BF was associated with increased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.65, p < 0.001). The BF group was at higher risks for diabetes (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.14–1.98), hypertension (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03–1.68), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02–1.99) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65). Conclusion In this study, BF did not affect decreasing the prevalence of Mets and its components.

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Impact of Coffee/Green Tea/Soft Drink Consumption on the Risk of Hyperuricemia: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7299

Author(s):

Joong Seob Lee ◽

Tae Jun Kim ◽

Sung Kwang Hong ◽

Chanyang Min ◽

Dae Myoung Yoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Reference Group ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Soft Drink Consumption ◽

Increased Risk

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and the frequency of coffee, tea, and soft drink consumption, based on data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) (2004–2016). We used the KoGES health examinee data, obtained from urban residents aged ≥ 40 years. Information on the participants’ medical history, nutrition (total calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake), frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking status, household income, and frequency of coffee/green tea/soft drink intake was collected. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the data. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the participant’s age and sex. Among 173,209 participants, there were 11,750 and 156,002 individuals with hyperuricemia and non-hyperuricemia controls, respectively. In an adjusted model, frequent coffee and green tea consumption did not increase the risk of hyperuricemia, compared to the “no intake” reference group. However, an adjusted odds ratio of hyperuricemia was 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.35, p < 0.001) for participants who reported consuming soft drinks ≥ 3 times per day, compared to the respective “no drink” reference group. Even after adjusting for nutritional and sociodemographic factors, frequent soft drink intake was associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia. Meanwhile, neither coffee nor green tea intake was associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia.

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Cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among university students in Queensland, Australia and New Zealand: results of two cross-sectional surveys

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e041705

Author(s):

Ben Wamamili ◽

Sheleigh Lawler ◽

Mark Wallace-Bell ◽

Coral Gartner ◽

David Sellars ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

University Students ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Dual Use ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Free Spaces ◽

And Gender

ObjectivesExamine the patterns of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use (vaping), the perceived harm of e-cigarettes compared with tobacco cigarettes, and associations between smoking and vaping with student characteristics.DesignCross-sectional studies.SettingThe University of Queensland (UQ), Australia and eight New Zealand (NZ) universities.ParticipantsStudents at UQ: 4957 (70.8% aged <25 years, 63.0% women) and NZ: 1854 (82.5% aged <25 years, 60.1% women).MethodsΧ2 tests compared smoking by age and gender, and vaping by age, gender and smoking status. Two-sided p<0.05 was considered significant and 95% CIs reported where appropriate. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between smoking and vaping (exclusive smoking, exclusive vaping, dual use and non-use) with age, gender and student type (domestic vs international).ResultsSmoking (UQ vs NZ, 95% CI): ever 45.2% (43.8% to 46.6%) vs 50.0% (47.7% to 52.3%), current 8.9% (8.1% to 9.7%) vs 10.4% (9.1% to 11.9%) and daily 5.2% (4.6% to 5.8%) vs 5.6% (4.6% to 6.7%), and not smoking in indoor 98.3% vs 87.7% or outdoor smoke-free spaces 83.8% vs 65.3%.Vaping (UQ vs NZ, 95% CI): ever 20.9% (19.8% to 22.1%) vs 37.6% (35.4% to 39.9%), current 1.8% (1.5% to 2.2%) vs 6.5% (5.4% to 7.7%) and daily 0.7% (0.5% to 1.0%) vs 2.5% (1.9% to 3.4%), and not vaping in indoor 91.4% vs 79.6% or outdoor smoke-free spaces 84.4% vs 71.3%. Of respondents, 71.7% (70.3% to 73.2%) vs 75.3% (72.9% to 77.6%) perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than tobacco cigarettes.Men were more likely than women to smoke and vape, and to believe that e-cigarettes are less harmful. Regression models containing all predictors for smoking and vaping were significant and the effect of gender was significant for dual use, exclusive smoking and exclusive vaping (all p<0.01). Men had higher odds for smoking, vaping or dual use.ConclusionsResults suggest significant differences in patterns of smoking and vaping of university students in Australia and NZ, and a strong influence of gender on smoking and vaping.

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Acceptance Rates and Beliefs toward COVID-19 Vaccination among the General Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Survey

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.21-0297 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farah Yasmin ◽

Waleed Asghar ◽

Maryam Salma Babar ◽

Hiba Khan ◽

Shoaib Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Polio Vaccination ◽

Acceptance Rates ◽

To Receive ◽

Do So

Developing countries like Pakistan have previously suffered from barriers to acceptance of vaccination by the public because of financial and belief barriers. This study aims to explore these beliefs and highlight concerns regarding vaccine hesitancy in the general population of Pakistan since they are a hindrance to an effective coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) immunization in the country. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 1,778 participants from all four provinces of Pakistan. Results from the study showed more than half of the participants to be unsure of the safety (50%) and efficacy (51%) of the vaccine, whereas 42% were concerned about the side effects of the vaccine. About 72% of the respondents planned to get vaccinated, whereas 28% refused to do so. Internationally made imported vaccines were more trusted by the participants. Forty-four percent of the participants agreed to receive the vaccine upon recommendation from a physician. Lastly, participants who believed in the efficacy of the polio vaccination also considered the COVID-19 vaccine to be safe and effective.

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