scholarly journals Relationship between Determinants of Health, Equity, and Dimensions of Health Literacy in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Cabellos-García ◽  
Enrique Castro-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Martínez-Sabater ◽  
Miguel Ángel Díaz-Herrera ◽  
Ana Ocaña-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Individual Level

Background: Health literacy (HL) has been linked to empowerment, use of health services, and equity. Evaluating HL in people with cardiovascular health problems would facilitate the development of suitable health strategies care and reduce inequity. Aim: To investigate the relationship between different dimensions that make up HL and social determinants in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in patients with cardiovascular disease, aged 50–85 years, accessing primary care services in Valencia (Spain) in 2018–2019. The Health Literacy Questionnaire was used. Results: 252 patients. Age was significantly related with the ability to participate with healthcare providers (p = 0.043), ability to find information (p = 0.022), and understanding information correctly to know what to do (p = 0.046). Level of education was significant for all HL dimensions. Patients without studies scored lower in all dimensions. The low- versus middle-class social relationship showed significant results in all dimensions. Conclusions: In patients with cardiovascular disease, level of education and social class were social determinants associated with HL scores. Whilst interventions at individual level might address some HL deficits, inequities in access to cardiovascular care and health outcomes would remain unjustly balanced unless structural determinants of HL are taken into account.

scholarly journals The Status of Cardiovascular Health in Rural and Urban Areas of Janów Lubelski District in Eastern Poland: A Population-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Nowicki ◽  
Barbara Ślusarska ◽  
Honorata Piasecka ◽  
Agnieszka Bartoszek ◽  
Katarzyna Kocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health

Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) has been defined by the American Heart Association as the lack of cardiovascular disease and the presence of seven key factors and health behaviors. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of ideal and poor CVH among the Polish adult population based on the example of the inhabitants of Janów district in Lubelskie Voivodship, taking the chosen socio-demographic factors into consideration. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 3901 adults without cardiovascular diseases, aged between 35 and 64 years. Participants completed a questionnaire, and they had anthropometric and physiological measurements taken. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting glucose and cholesterol levels. Ideal CVH was found in 5.4% of the participants, with the advantage of being toward city dwellers over those living in the rural areas (6.3% vs. 5.0%) p = 0.02. In the case of the residents of rural areas, their likelihood of having an ideal body mass index (BMI) was found to be 22% lower (odds ratio (OR) = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66–0.92), their likelihood of having an ideal diet was found to be 27% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.94), their likelihood of having perfect blood pressure was found to be 29% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56–0.89), and their likelihood of having the perfect glucose levels was found to be 28% lower (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63–0.84), than the residents of urban areas. The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular behaviors and factors is lower in the rural community compared with people living in the city. Results indicate that more effort should be dedicated toward the country’s health policy, specifically concerning primary prevention. Preventive actions in the field of cardiovascular disease should be addressed to the residents of rural areas to a larger extent.

scholarly journals The Status of Cardiovascular Health in Rural and Urban Areas of Janow Lubelski District in Eastern Poland: a Population-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Józef Nowicki ◽  
Barbara Ślusarska ◽  
Honorata Piasecka ◽  
Agnieszka Bartoszek ◽  
Katarzyna Kocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels

Perfect cardiovascular health (CVH) has been defined by the American Heart Association as the lack of cardiovascular disease and the presence of seven key factors and health behaviors. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of ideal and poor CVH among the Polish adult population, taking the chosen socio-demographic factors into consideration. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 3,901 adults without cardiovascular diseases, aged between 35 and 64 years. Participants completed a questionnaire, and they had anthropometric and physiological measurements taken. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting glucose and cholesterol levels. Ideal CVH was found in 5.4% of the participants, with the advantage of being toward city dwellers over those living in the rural areas (6.3% vs. 5.0%) p = 0.02. In case of the residents of rural areas, their likelihood of having an ideal body mass index (BMI) was found to be 22% lower (odds ratio (OR) = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66–0.92), their likelihood of having an ideal diet was found to be 27% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.94), their likelihood of having perfect blood pressure was found to be 29% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56–0.89), and their likelihood of having the perfect glucose levels were found to be 28% lower (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63–0.84), than the residents of urban areas. The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular behaviors and factors is lower in the rural community compared with people living in the city. Results indicate that more effort should be dedicated toward the country’s health policy, specifically concerning primary prevention. Preventive actions in the field of cardiovascular disease should be addressed to the residents of rural areas to a larger extent.

scholarly journals College Students’ Knowledge of Risk Factors Related to Cardiovascular Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Christine Andrew ◽  
Deborah Hiles-Gaddy ◽  
Mikayla Lauren MacRitchie ◽  
Sam Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a prevalent health issue, accounting for a large proportion of deaths worldwide. Despite the high prevalence of this potentially detrimental condition, many college students are not fully aware of its contributing risk factors. The purpose of the current study was to determine college students’ knowledge of risk factors related to CVD. Methods: This was a quantitative, cross-sectional study with a descriptive design. A survey with 5 demographic questions and 20 Likert-type statements was administered to 118 students in a Midwestern college in the United States. Results: The majority of the students displayed knowledge of risk factors such as smoking tobacco, inactive lifestyle, hypertension, low intake of fruits and vegetables, elevated cholesterol levels, high dietary sodium and obesity. However, a knowledge deficit existed regarding gender and ethnicity, which are non-modifiable risk factors, albeit important considerations.Conclusions: Although students appeared knowledgeable about areas such as cholesterol in cardiovascular health, further education could be beneficial to improve this knowledge base.

scholarly journals Predictors of cardiovascular health in teenagers (aged 13–14 years): a cross-sectional study linked with routine data

Open Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e001147
Author(s):  
Michaela James ◽  
Danielle Christian ◽  
Samantha Scott ◽  
Charlotte Todd ◽  
Gareth Stratton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level

ObjectiveTo examine the predictors of cardiovascular health in teenagers (aged 13–14 years).MethodsMeasures of arterial stiffness (augmentation index (AIx)), blood pressure and cardiovascular fitness were taken from 234 teenage children (n=152 boys) and subsequently linked to routine data (birth and general practice records, education data and hospital admission data). Deprivation at school and at individual level was measured at birth, at 1 year old, at 13 years old and at secondary school using the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation. Multivariate regression analysis determined associations between routinely collected data and cardiovascular measures.ResultsTeenagers had higher AIx (2.41 (95% CI 1.10 to 3.72)), ran fewer metres (−130.08 m (95% CI −234.35 to −25.78)) in the Cooper Run Test if they attended a more deprived school. However, higher individual level deprivation was associated with greater fitness (199.38 m (95% CI 83.90 to 314.84)). Higher systolic blood pressure was observed in first born children (10.23 mm Hg (95% CI 1.58 to 18.88)) and in those who were never breastfed (4.77 mm Hg (95% CI 1.10 to 8.42)).ConclusionsImproving heart health in deprived areas requires multilevel action across childhood namely, active play and programmes that promote physical activity and fitness and, the promotion of breastfeeding. Recognition of the important early indicators and determinants of cardiovascular health supports further development of the evidence base to encourage policy-makers to implement preventative measures in young people.

P1498ASSOCIATIONS OF HEALTH LITERACY WITH DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN DIALYSED PATIENTS IN SLOVAKIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Skoumalová ◽  
Jaroslav Rosenberger ◽  
Andrea Madarasova Geckova
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background and Aims Depression and anxiety is common in dialysed patients (Ng et al., 2015; de Brito et al., 2019) and associated with decreased quality of life, worse health outcomes and increased mortality (Schouten et al., 2019, Lopes at al., 2002). Health literacy (HL) as the ability to gain access, understand, and use information to promote and maintain good health (WHO, 1998) may be hampered by emotional problems such as depression and anxiety. The aim of our study is to examine the association of HL with depression and anxiety in dialysed patients in Slovakia. Method Cross-sectional study on 542 dialysed patients (mean age = 63.6, males = 60.7%) was conducted in 20 dialysis clinics in Slovakia from January to November 2018. Socio-demographic data, data on 9 domains of HL and data on depression and anxiety were collected by questionnaires. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to create three clusters of patients (low, moderate, high HL). Depression and anxiety was dichotomized as 0-no/low symptoms and 1-moderate/severe symptoms. Association of HL clusters with depression and anxiety was analysed using logistic regression adjusted for age and gender. Results We found that patients in low HL cluster and moderate HL cluster were more likely to have moderate/severe symptoms of depression and anxiety than patients in high HL cluster. Odds ratio (OR) for depression for low HL cluster: 7.60; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.88 – 20.06; p<0.000 and for moderate HL cluster: OR: 4.85; 95% CI: 1.87 – 12.56; p<0.001. OR for anxiety for low HL cluster: 3.14; 95% CI:1.55 – 6.35; p<0.001 and for moderate HL cluster: OR 2.16;95% CI: 1.10 – 4.24; p<0.05. Conclusion Patients with lower levels of HL suffer from anxiety and depression more than patients with higher levels of HL. These findings point to the need of regular screening of emotional problems such as depression and anxiety and their treatment as they may hamper capacities of dialysed patients for self-management as well as effective treatment of the disease from the perspective of healthcare providers.

scholarly journals Conceptualization, Development and Psychometric Evaluations of a New Medication-Related Health Literacy Instrument: The Chinese Medication Literacy Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 6951
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Wen Lin ◽  
Elizabeth H. Chang ◽  
Yu Ko ◽  
Chun-Yu Wang ◽  
Yu-Shan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Quota Sampling

There is a need for valid and reliable instruments to focus on medication aspects of health literacy and help healthcare professionals address patients’ barriers to medication use. This cross-sectional study describes the conceptualization, development, and psychometric properties of the first Chinese Medication Literacy Measurement (ChMLM) to assess the level of health literacy on medication use. The 17-item ChMLM (ChMLM-17) and its short form, 13-item ChMLM (ChMLM-13), consist of four sections (vocabulary, over-the-counter labels, prescription labels, and advertisements) to cover six domains of medication-related health literacy. Multistage stratified quota sampling was attempted to recruit a representative sample in Taiwan. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify the cut-off point for differentiating high and low medication literacy. Psychometric analyses were performed (n = 1410) to assess the reliability and validity separately on all samples and sociodemographic subgroups. The 17- and 13-item versions both had high construct validity among all patients and patients with low medication literacy. The developed ChMLM-17 and ChMLM-13 is expected to help healthcare providers and researchers to accurately measure medication-related health literacy and improve medication use in the real-world practice.

scholarly journals Adult Functional Health Literacy and its Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Moeini ◽  
Masomeh Rostami-Moez ◽  
Fereshteh Besharati ◽  
Javad Faradmal ◽  
Saeed Bashirian
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Functional Health Literacy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Trained Interviewer

Background and aims: Health literacy (HL) can affect individual health, health communication and error in taking medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the level of HL and associated factors among Iranian adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 240 participants over 18 years of age referring to health centers in Hamadan, west of Iran in 2015 were selected by multistage random sampling. HL was assessed by the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA). The questionnaire was completed by a trained interviewer. The independent variables were structural and intermediate social factors based on the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH). Data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS version 22. Results: Average age of the participants was 30.88 ±7.38 years and 75.4% of the them were female. The total score of HL was 64.58 ±16.71 (range: 23.82-98.98). Overall, 31.7% (n=76) of the participants had adequate HL level, 32.5% (n=78) had borderline HL level and 35.8% (n=86) had inadequate HL level. Additionally, participants with higher educational levels had higher HL scores than those with lower educational levels (P<0.001). HL score was significantly higher in males than in females (P=0.017). Conclusion: HL level seems to be inadequate among Iranian adults in the west of Iran. Moreover, enhancing social determinants such as educational level seems to increase HL. The results highlighted the necessity for change and improvement in adults’ HL.

scholarly journals Understanding health talk in an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary healthcare service: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabha Lakhan ◽  
Deborah Askew ◽  
Mark F. Harris ◽  
Corey Kirk ◽  
Noel Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Health Literacy ◽  
Torres Strait

Health literacy is an important determinant of health status. This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the prevalence of adequate health literacy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients or their carers including parents of sick children attending an urban primary healthcare clinic in Australia, and their experiences of communication with General Practitioners (GPs). A questionnaire, including questions from the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS) and questions from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS): Communication with Provider, was administered to 427 participants. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi-Square test and logistic regression analysis were used to describe the prevalence and risk factors associated with health literacy and any associations between the CAHPS questions and health literacy. In total, 72% of participants had adequate health literacy. An age of ≥50 years was independently associated with inadequate health literacy, and completion of secondary or post-secondary schooling was protective. Communication questions that identified areas for improvement included less use of incomprehensible medical words and more frequent use of visual aids. The study provides useful information on health literacy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients, or their carers, and their experiences of communication with GPs. Further population-based research is required to investigate the effect of health literacy on health outcomes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients.

Relative risk of cardiovascular disease is higher in women with type 2 diabetes, but not in those with prediabetes, as compared with men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Succurro ◽  
Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino ◽  
Sofia Miceli ◽  
Maria Perticone ◽  
Angela Sciacqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose

<b>Objective</b>: Most, but not all studies suggested that women with type 2 diabetes have higher relative risk (RR) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than men. More uncertainty exists on whether the RR for CVD is higher in prediabetic women compared to men. <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b>: In a cross-sectional study, in 3540 normal glucose tolerant (NGT), prediabetic, and diabetic adults, we compared the RR for prevalent non-fatal CVD between men and women. In a longitudinal study including 1658 NGT, prediabetic, and diabetic adults, we compared the RR for incident major adverse outcomes, including all-cause death, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease events after 5.6 years follow-up. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> Women with prediabetes and diabetes exhibited greater relative differences in BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, hsCRP, and white blood cell count than men with prediabetes and diabetes when compared with their NGT counterparts. We found a higher RR for prevalent CVD in diabetic women (RR 9.29; 95% CI 4.73-18.25; <i>P</i><0.0001) than in men (RR 4.56; 95% CI 3.07-6.77; <i>P</i><0.0001), but no difference in RR for CVD was observed comparing prediabetic women and men. In the longitudinal study, we found that diabetic, but not prediabetic women have higher RR (RR 5.25; 95% CI 3.22-8.56; <i>P</i><0.0001) of incident major adverse outcomes than their male counterparts (RR 2.72; 95% CI 1.81-4.08; <i>P</i><0.0001).</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study suggests that diabetic, but not prediabetic, women have higher RR for prevalent and incident major adverse outcomes than men. </p>

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