scholarly journals Are the Chinese Moving toward a Healthy Diet? Evidence from Macro Data from 1961 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5294
Author(s):  
Aixi Han ◽  
Tianhao Sun ◽  
Jing Ming ◽  
Li Chai ◽  
Xiawei Liao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
National Level ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Balance Index

The change in diet structure is one of the critical features of social transformation, and diet structure is directly related to human health. In China, with rapid economic development, changes in the diet structure of the population have begun and are proceeding at a fairly rapid rate. In order to reveal how the Chinese diet is approaching or deviating from the nutritional goal, a novel index, NDBI (National Dietary Balance Index), is developed in this study to investigate the Chinese diet from 1961 to 2017 at a national level. The results show that the Chinese diet has transitioned from the under-intake stage to the over-intake stage. Before the 1980s, Chinese people ate all foods inadequately except staple foods; after the 1980s, the issue of under-intake began to fade, and the intake of meats even became excessive. The intake of staple foods is always excessive during this period. Currently, the Chinese diet is still unhealthy because of the inadequate intake of dairy products and the excessive intake of staple foods and meats. By evaluating diet structure on a national level, this study can help people to better understand how the Chinese diet deviated from the nutritional goal and provides information for policymakers intervening in China’s food consumption.

scholarly journals The North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey: mineral intakes in 18–64-year-old adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (5a) ◽  
pp. 1081-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Hannon ◽  
M Kiely ◽  
KE Harrington ◽  
PJ Robson ◽  
JJ Strain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Potato Products ◽  
Cu And Zn

AbstractObjectiveTo measure mineral intakes and the contribution of different food groups to mineral intakes in adults aged 18–64 years in Ireland. Intakes are reported for Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu and Zn. The adequacy of mineral intakes in the population and the risk of occurrence of excessive intakes are also assessed.DesignFood consumption was estimated using a 7-day food diary for a representative sample (n = 1379; 662 men, 717 women) of 18–64-year-old adults in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland selected randomly from the electoral register. Mineral intakes (Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu and Zn) were estimated using tables of food composition.ResultsMean nutrient density of intakes was higher for women than men for Ca and Fe and increased with age for all minerals, except Ca for men and Fe for women. Meat and meat products were the major contributor to mean daily intakes of Zn (38%), P (23%), Fe (18%), Cu (15%) and Mg (13%); dairy products (milk, yoghurt and cheese) to Ca (44%), P (22%), Zn (14%) and Mg (11%); bread and rolls to Fe (21%), Cu (18%), Ca and Mg (17%), Zn (13%) and P (12%); potatoes and potato products to Cu (16%), Mg (14%) and Fe (10%); and breakfast cereals to Fe (13%). In women of all ages nutritional supplements contributed 7.6%, 4.4%, 3.6% and 2.2% of mean daily intake of Fe, Zn, Cu and Ca, respectively, while in men of all ages, nutritional supplements contributed 2.7%, 2.3%, 1.7% and 0.6%, respectively, to mean daily intakes of Fe, Zn, Cu and Ca. Adequacy of minerals intakes in population groups was assessed using the average requirement (AR) as a cut-off value. A significant prevalence of intakes below the AR was observed for Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn but not P. A higher proportion of women than men had intakes below the AR for all minerals. Almost 50% of 18–50-year-old females had intakes below the AR for Fe, while 23%, 23% and 15% of women of all ages had intakes below the AR for Ca, Cu and Zn, respectively. For men of all ages, 11%, 8% and 13% had intakes below the AR for Ca, Cu and Zn, respectively. There appears to be little risk of excessive intake of Ca, Mg, P, Cu or Zn in any age/sex category. However, 2.9% of women of all ages had intakes above the tolerable upper intake level for Fe (45 mg) due to supplement use.ConclusionAlmost 50% of women aged 18–50 years had Fe intakes below the AR and relatively high proportions of women of all ages had intakes below the AR for Ca, Cu and Zn. With the possible exception of iron intake from supplements in women, there appears to be little risk of excessive intake of minerals in the adult population. Meat and meat products, dairy products (milk, cheese and yoghurt), Keywords bread and rolls, potatoes and potato products and breakfast cereals are important Mineral intake sources of minerals; nutritional supplements make only a small contribution to Ireland mineral intakes in the population as a whole but may contribute significantly to Food consumption survey intakes among supplement users.

scholarly journals Socio-economic, dietary, activity, nutrition and body weight transitions in South Korea

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 665-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Kyung Lee ◽  
Jeffery Sobal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Animal Food

AbstractObjective:Socio-economic development influences many factors that affect health, especially diet and nutrition. This investigation proposes that a system of transitions occur as societies develop, with socio-economic, physical activity, dietary, nutrition and body weight transitions operating in relationship with each other. This model of transitions was examined empirically using South Korea as an example of a nation that has undergone considerable changes.Design:Data were drawn from published government reports: the Korean National Nutrition Survey and annual reports at the national level for the years between 1969 and 1993. The socio-economic transition was assessed by gross national product. The physical activity transition was assessed using annual proportions of the population involved in primary, secondary and tertiary industries, as well as the number of cars and driver's licences. The dietary transition was measured by plant and animal food consumption. The nutrition transition was assessed by percentages of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat. The body weight transition was measured by body mass index calculated from the average height and weight of adolescents.Results:Results revealed that the transitions were highly correlated as expected, with the socio-economic transition exhibiting major changes. South Koreans tended to decrease their physical activity and plant food consumption, and to increase animal food consumption, percentage of energy from dietary fat and body weight, in relationship to the socio-economic transition.Conclusion:Examining a system of transitions on a national level in one country that has undergone rapid economic development may provide a strategy for examining how such transitions operate in other nations.

Victor S. D'Souza. Development Planning and Structural Inequalities: The Response of the Underprivileged. New Delhi: Sage Publications 1990. Pages 206 + Index. Price: Rs 180 (Hardbound).

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
The Social

Deveiopment planning in India, as in other developing countries, has generally been aimed at fostering an industrially-oriented policy as the engine of economic growth. This one-sided economic development, which results in capital formation, creation of urban elites, and underprivileged social classes of a modern society, has led to distortions in the social structure as a whole. On the contrary, as a result of this uneven economic development, which is narrowly measured in terms of economic growth and capital formation, the fruits of development have gone to the people according to their economic power and position in the social structure: those occupying higher positions benefiting much more than those occupying the lower ones. Thus, development planning has tended to increase inequalities and has sharpened divisive tendencies. Victor S. D'Souza, an eminent Indian sociologist, utilizing the Indian census data of 1961, 1971, and 1981, examines the problem of structural inequality with particular reference to the Indian Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes - the two most underprivileged sections of the present Indian society which, according to the census of 1981, comprised 15.75 percent and 7.76 percent of India's population respectively. Theoretically, he takes the concept of development in a broad sense as related to the self-fulfIlment of the individual. The transformation of the unjust social structure, the levelling down of glaring economic and social inequalities, and the concern for the development of the underprivileged are for the author the basic elements of a planned development. This is the theoretical perspective of the first chapter, "Development Planning and Social Transformation".

scholarly journals Rural Economic Development Based on Shift-Share Analysis in a Developing Country: A Case Study in Heilongjiang Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Donghui Lv ◽  
Huiying Gao ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
National Level ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Competitive Effect ◽  
Rural Economic Development

Identification of local priorities within each potential sector and implementation of a targeted development policy would definitely accelerate rural economic growth. In this sense, it is useful to examine each region’s industrial structural evolution compared to the whole economy and aggregate industries. Shift-share analysis has been confirmed as a useful method to measure regional economic differences and analyze the contribution of industrial structure. This paper selects five representative counties in Heilongjiang province and applies shift-share decomposition to analyze the change in rural economic development from 2000 to 2018. The change of economic growth in each selected county is decomposed into three components: national growth effect, industrial structure effect, and competitive effect, taking the national level as the reference. The results showed the following: (1) the trend of rural economic growth fluctuated greatly for nearly 20 years, distinguished by a mismatch of industrial structure with competitiveness for the selected counties; rural economies with an inappropriate industrial structure did not experience strong growth, despite high competitive potential. (2) The low-end agricultural structure and secondary industry structure led to the loss of each competitive effect; the tertiary industry structure based on economic structure servitization was rational, but the competitive effect did not work out. (3) Finally, this paper provided differentiated suggestions in accordance with local resources and priorities of the selected counties, so as to avoid excessive convergence and the lack of characteristics in industrial structure in rural transformation.

scholarly journals Influence of Employment Conditions and Length of Residence on Adherence to Dietary Recommendations in Immigrant Workers in Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikram Benazizi ◽  
Elena Ronda-Pérez ◽  
Rocío Ortíz-Moncada ◽  
José Martínez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Sugary Drinks

The objective of this article is to analyze the influence of employment conditions on adherence to dietary recommendations among those born in Spain and immigrants by their time of residence. Data were used from the Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families (PELFI) cohort (n = 215) to compare Spaniards and immigrants with <14 and >14 years of residence. The questionnaire on frequency of food consumption (15 items) was used to measure adherence to dietary recommendations. Logistic regression models were used, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and employment conditions. Adherence to dietary recommendations was greater among Spaniards, followed by immigrants with >14 years of residence and <14 years of residence. The greatest adherence among Spaniards was for eggs (immigrants ≥ 14 years: 1/ORa = 2.89, <14 years: 1/ORa = 3.92), fish (immigrants ≥ 14 immigrants: 1/ORa = 2.33, <14 years: 1/ORa = 4.72), vegetables (immigrants ≥ 14 years: 1/ORa = 3.26, <14 years: 1/ORa = 4.87), dairy products (immigrants ≥ 14 years: 1/ORa = 14.34, <14 years: 1/ORa = 26.78), and sugary drinks (immigrants ≥14 years: 1/ORa = 2.12, <14 years: 1/ORa = 3.48), and the lowest adherence was for the consumption of sausages and cold cuts (immigrants ≥ 14 years: Ora = 7.62, <14 years: ORa = 24.65). Adjusting for sociodemographic and employment conditions variables did not result in variation in the observed differences between Spaniards, immigrants with <14 years of residence, and immigrants with >14 years of residence.

scholarly journals Sustainable Food Consumption in Nursing Homes: Less Food Waste with the Right Plate Color?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6525
Author(s):  
Kai Victor Hansen ◽  
Lukasz Andrzej Derdowski
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
The Right

The problem of unsustainable food consumption among vulnerable residents of nursing homes who suffer from dementia is often multifaceted. From an individual perspective, people with dementia who do not finish their meals are likely to encounter serious health issues associated with malnutrition. Moreover, at the institutional level, nursing homes generate tons of nonrecoverable food waste each year, impairing not only their economic position but also the natural and social environment at large. The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of reducing food waste in Norwegian nursing homes by appraising how large this reduction could be as one replaces traditional dining white porcelain with plates with diverse color combinations. A quasi-experimental method was adopted. The results of the pilot study were extrapolated to the annual amount of food wasted at the national level. The findings indicate that, on average, 26% of food was thrown away when served on white plates compared to only 9% when served on one of the colored plate options tested. Nationally, approximately 992.6 tons of food per year could potentially be saved with only a single change, ultimately ameliorating the unsustainable food consumption problem among residents of nursing homes.

scholarly journals The situation of the Hungarian apricot farming and its developmental tendencies

2014 ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Réka Pleszkó
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Living Tradition ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Eu

The EC has declared „gönci magyar kajszi” as a product of specific origin with geographicald enomination. The „pálinka”isregistered Hungarian productin the EU. The micro-region of apricot production, named Gönc, has the privilege to utilize the great potential for rural development by its apricot production. To determine the development potential connected to apricot, needs through investigations on apricot production.This paper investigate apricot production at global, European and national levels. At national level each key aspects of apricot production have been analized. The final conclusions referring to Gönc micro-regionare: Northern Hungary region has got the biggest apricot area(within that Gönc has got outstanding role). The share of apricot cultivars of gönci origin ”has got overwhelming role in the Hungarian Cultivar assortment, the living tradition of production in this micro-region makes it possible, that gönci apricot will contribute to the overall socio-economic development in the region to a remarkable extend.

scholarly journals Horticulture Scenario in Tamilnadu: Progress and Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
K Kesavalu ◽  
R Asokan ◽  
A Abdul Raheem
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Plantation Crops

Horticulture is now acknowledged as being a vital driver for economic development, poverty reduction and enhanced nutrition for populations in developing countries. Tamil Nadu is one of the foremost horticulture States in India, contributing 7.7 percent to the national horticultural production with 5.7 percent of the national level area. The horticultural crops contain the remarkable potential for export earnings within the State. Cardamom and pepper are important species of Tamil Nadu; Plantation crops of Tamil Nadu are coffee and tea, and that they are traditionally exporting products. Flowers have small areas in Tamil Nadu, but the price of production per hectare is substantial. Palmarosa and indigo are cultivated in negligibly small rooms, mostly for export. Therefore, this paper examines the progress, problems and constraints of the horticulture scenario in Tamilnadu.

scholarly journals Strategic landmarks for modernization of industrial enterprises of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-297
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Vertakova ◽  
T. N. Babich ◽  
A. V. Bragina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Technological Leadership ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Basic Approaches

In the age of technological and social transformation aimed at establishing basic principles of implementing state economic policy under the challenges of the 4th industrial revolution the role of modernization process in the Russian industry is increasing. The authors justify strategic landmarks for technological modernization of industrial enterprises of Russia. To this end they made comparative analysis of innovation and technological, economic development of a number of countries and Russian Federation as well as estimated the preparedness of certain world countries to transformations in economics caused by changes of technological patterns during the 4th industrial revolution. It has been stated that Russian Federation has structural disproportions slowing down economic development of the country. It also demonstrates the need for performing structural transformations to carry out disruptive development and achieve global leadership. At present there is no single methodology of controlling disruptive development in transformation conditions caused by the need for reindustrialization and digitalization of the country’s economy. Besides, there are not any projects on creating a set of theoretical and practical tools adapted to the Russian institutional specificity aimed at increasing strategic technological competitiveness of the industrial complex and achieving global technological leadership including justification of the practicability of technological modernization of industrial enterprises which would take into account the specificity of the modern stage of the Russian economics’ development. So, the authors have conducted research to reveal the essence of the technological modernization of industrial enterprises by means of grouping basic approaches to this definition. As a result they also suggested classification of the basic types of strategies for technological modernization at the national enterprises.

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