scholarly journals Perceptual–Cognitive Function and Unplanned Athletic Movement Task Performance: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7481
Author(s):  
Jan Wilke ◽  
David Groneberg ◽  
Winfried Banzer ◽  
Florian Giesche
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cutting Direction

The performance of choice-reaction tasks during athletic movement has been demonstrated to evoke unfavorable biomechanics in the lower limb. However, the mechanism of this observation is unknown. We conducted a systematic review examining the association between (1) the biomechanical and functional safety of unplanned sports-related movements (e.g., jumps/runs with a spontaneously indicated landing leg/cutting direction) and (2) markers of perceptual–cognitive function (PCF). A literature search in three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar) identified five relevant articles. The study quality, rated by means of a modified Downs and Black checklist, was moderate to high (average: 13/16 points). Four of five papers, in at least one parameter, found either an association of PCF with task safety or significantly reduced task safety in low vs. high PCF performers. However, as (a) the outcomes, populations and statistical methods of the included trials were highly heterogeneous and (b) only two out of five studies had an adequate control condition (pre-planned movement task), the evidence was classified as conflicting. In summary, PCF may represent a factor affecting injury risk and performance during unplanned sports-related movements, but future research strengthening the evidence for this association is warranted.

scholarly journals Perceptual-cognitive Function and Unplanned Athletic Movement Task Performance: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wilke ◽  
David Groneberg ◽  
Winfried Banzer ◽  
Florian Giesche
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Cutting Direction

The performance of choice-reaction tasks during athletic movement has been demonstrated to evoke unfavorable lower limb biomechanics. However, the mechanism of this observation is unknown. We conducted a systematic review examining the association between 1) the biomechanical and functional safety of unplanned sports-related movements (e.g. jumps/runs with spontaneously indicated landing leg/cutting direction) and 2) markers of perceptual-cognitive function (PGF). A literature search in three databases (Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar) identified five relevant articles. Study quality, rated by means of a modified Downs & Black checklist, was moderate to high (average: 13.5/16 points). Four of five papers, in at least one parameter, found either an association of lower PGF and reduced task safety or significantly reduced task safety in low vs. high PGF performers. Yet, as a) the outcomes, populations and statistical methods of the included trials were highly heterogeneous and b) only two out of five studies had an adequate control condition (pre-planned movement task), evidence was classified as conflicting. In sum, PGF may represent a factor increasing injury risk during unplanned sports-related movements but future research strengthening the evidence of this association is warranted.

Trail running injury risk factors: a living systematic review

2022 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2021-104858
Author(s):  
Carel Viljoen ◽  
Dina C (Christa) Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Willem van Mechelen ◽  
Evert Verhagen ◽  
Bruno Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Injury Risk Factors ◽  
Trail Running

ObjectiveTo review and frequently update the available evidence on injury risk factors and epidemiology of injury in trail running.DesignLiving systematic review. Updated searches will be done every 6 months for a minimum period of 5 years.Data sourcesEight electronic databases were searched from inception to 18 March 2021.Eligibility criteriaStudies that investigated injury risk factors and/or reported the epidemiology of injury in trail running.ResultsNineteen eligible studies were included, of which 10 studies investigated injury risk factors among 2 785 participants. Significant intrinsic factors associated with injury are: more running experience, level A runner and higher total propensity to sports accident questionnaire (PAD-22) score. Previous history of cramping and postrace biomarkers of muscle damage is associated with cramping. Younger age and low skin phototypes are associated with sunburn. Significant extrinsic factors associated with injury are neglecting warm-up, no specialised running plan, training on asphalt, double training sessions per day and physical labour occupations. A slower race finishing time is associated with cramping, while more than 3 hours of training per day, shade as the primary mode of sun protection and being single are associated with sunburn. An injury incidence range 0.7–61.2 injuries/1000 hours of running and prevalence range 1.3% to 90% were reported. The lower limb was the most reported region of injury, specifically involving blisters of the foot/toe.ConclusionLimited studies investigated injury risk factors in trail running. Our review found eight intrinsic and nine extrinsic injury risk factors. This review highlighted areas for future research that may aid in designing injury risk management strategies for safer trail running participation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021240832.

Dual-task standing and walking in people with lower limb amputation: A structured review

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J Morgan ◽  
Brian J Hafner ◽  
Deborah Kartin ◽  
Valerie E Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limb Amputation ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dual Task Performance

Background: People with lower limb amputation report the need to concentrate on walking. Dual-task paradigms are often used to study such interactions between cognition and the control of balance and gait in people with lower limb amputation. Objectives: To summarize evidence related to dual-task standing and walking in people with lower limb amputation and discuss implications for future research. Study design: Structured review. Methods: A structured search was completed in PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science from database inception to May 2017. Eligible articles were in English, included participants with lower limb amputation, and assessed dual-task standing or walking. Study information was extracted by one reviewer and assessed for accuracy by a second. Results: A total of 12 articles met eligibility criteria. Seven examined differences in dual-task standing or walking, and five assessed dual-task walking across microprocessor-controlled and non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee conditions. Conclusion: Results suggest that (1) dual-task interference in standing is greater for people with lower limb amputation than non-amputees and (2) the use of microprocessor-controlled knees improves dual-task performance for people with limited mobility compared to non-microprocessor-controlled knees. The small number of studies, diversity of dual-task methods, and methodological limitations challenge the synthesis of study results. Future research should assess specific clinical characteristics that can affect dual-task performance in people with lower limb amputation. Clinical relevance Understanding how people with lower limb amputation use increased attention in balance and gait to compensate for limb loss can inform prosthetic interventions and training. Dual-task research suggests that people with amputation use increased cognitive control for standing compared to controls and microprocessor-controlled knees improve dual-task walking in people with limited mobility.

A Systematic Review of CrossFit® Workouts and Dietary and Supplementation Interventions to Guide Nutritional Strategies and Future Research in CrossFit®

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ricardo Augusto Silva de Souza ◽  
André Guedes da Silva ◽  
Magda Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Liliana Kataryne Ferreira Souza ◽  
Hamilton Roschel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Optimal Recovery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

CrossFit® is a high-intensity functional training method consisting of daily workouts called “workouts of the day.” No nutritional recommendations exist for CrossFit® that are supported by scientific evidence regarding the energetic demands of this type of activity or dietary and supplement interventions. This systematic review performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines aimed to identify studies that determined (a) the physiological and metabolic demands of CrossFit® and (b) the effects of nutritional strategies on CrossFit® performance to guide nutritional recommendations for optimal recovery, adaptations, and performance for CrossFit® athletes and direct future research in this emerging area. Three databases were searched for studies that investigated physiological responses to CrossFit® and dietary or supplementation interventions on CrossFit® performance. Various physiological measures revealed the intense nature of all CrossFit® workouts of the day, reflected in substantial muscle fatigue and damage. Dietary and supplementation studies provided an unclear insight into effective strategies to improve performance and enhance adaptations and recovery due to methodological shortcomings across studies. This systematic review showed that CrossFit® is a high-intensity sport with fairly homogenous anaerobic and aerobic characteristics, resulting in substantial metabolic stress, leading to metabolite accumulation (e.g., lactate and hydrogen ions) and increased markers of muscle damage and muscle fatigue. Limited interventional data exist on dietary and supplementation strategies to optimize CrossFit® performance, and most are moderate to very low quality with some critical methodological limitations, precluding solid conclusions on their efficacy. High-quality work is needed to confirm the ideal dietary and supplemental strategies for optimal performance and recovery for CrossFit® athletes and is an exciting avenue for further research.

scholarly journals Manifestations of muscle fatigue in baseball pitchers: a systematic review

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Birfer ◽  
Michael WL Sonne ◽  
Michael WR Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Conference Papers ◽  
The Relationship

Background Fatigue in baseball pitchers is a process linked to lowered physical and mental performance, injury, and changes in kinematics. Numerous studies have associated fatigue with overuse, high ball velocities, lack of rest time, poor mechanics, and degree of self-satisfaction. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to identify a theoretical framework for the relationship between outcomes and the manifestation of fatigue on baseball pitching. The synthesized data may identify areas requiring further research. Methodology This protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018114194). SPORTDiscus, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar were searched, using keywords such as fatigue in pitchers and changes in kinematics (e.g., pitching mechanics, valgus elbow torque), performance (e.g., pitch count, pitch type), and injury (e.g., pain, elbow, and shoulder soreness). Three reviewers independently screened the articles, selected relevant literature based on abstract eligibility, and assessed the methods described therein for final inclusion. Results A total of 31,860 articles were screened for eligibility and 25 articles were included for the review. The selected articles included epidemiological, longitudinal, experimental, conference papers, and crossover laboratory studies. Evidence extracted from the 25 studies demonstrates a relationship between fatigue in baseball pitching, and three overarching outcomes: changes in kinematics, a decrease in performance, and an increase in injury risk. Conclusions Findings show that a co-dependence between changes in kinematics and a decrease in performance, which stems from central and peripheral fatigue, is a contributing factor of injury in baseball pitchers. A large percentage of baseball pitchers exhibit pain or soreness in either their elbow or shoulder, or both at some point in a season. Initially, kinematic changes occur that could maintain performance, but may increase joint and tissue loading. Performance decreased with elevated pitch counts and innings thrown, and pitching further into games or the season. Evidence was found to be consistent across all studies; however, more work is needed in the area of fatigue as an injury mechanism during pitching. With a proof of concept established, the prevention of negative outcomes associated with fatigue must be the focus of future research and performance should not be the only criteria.

scholarly journals The Effect of Exercise on Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment and Applications for Physical Therapy: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin L Campbell ◽  
Kendra Zadravec ◽  
Kelcey A Bland ◽  
Elizabeth Chesley ◽  
Florian Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), often called “chemo-brain” or “chemo-fog,” is a common side effect among adults with cancer, which can persist well after treatment completion. Accumulating evidence demonstrates exercise can improve cognitive function in healthy older adults and adults with cognitive impairments, suggesting exercise may play a role in managing CRCI. Purpose The purpose was to perform a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to understand the effect of exercise on CRCI. Data Sources Relevant literature was retrieved from CINAHL, Medline (Ovid), and EMBASE. Study Selection Eligible articles were RCTs that prescribed aerobic, resistance, combined aerobic/resistance, or mind-body (eg, yoga or Qigong) exercise during or following cancer treatment and included cognitive function outcome measures. Data Extraction Descriptive information and Cohen d effect sizes were directly extracted or calculated for included trials. Data Synthesis Twenty-nine trials were included in the final analysis. A statistically significant effect of exercise on self-reported cognitive function, both during and postadjuvant treatment, was reported in 12 trials (41%) (Cohen d range: 0.24–1.14), most commonly using the EORTC QLQ-C30. Ten trials (34%) performed neuropsychological testing to evaluate cognitive function; however, only 3 trials in women with breast cancer reported a significant effect of exercise (Cohen d range: 0.41–1.47). Limitations Few RCTs to date have evaluated the effect of exercise on CRCI as a primary outcome. Twenty-six trials (90%) in this review evaluated CRCI as secondary analyses. Conclusions Evidence supporting exercise as a strategy to address CRCI is limited. Future research evaluating CRCI as a primary outcome, including self-reported and objective measures, is needed to confirm the possible role of exercise in preventing and managing cognitive impairments in adults with cancer.

scholarly journals A systematic review on business analytics

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Jiarui Yin ◽  
Vicenc Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Industry Sectors

Purpose: Business analytics, a buzzword of the recent decade, has been applied by thousands of enterprises to help generate more values and enhance their business performance. However, many aspects of business analytics remain unclear. This study clarifies the definition of business analytics combined with its functionality and the relation between business analytics and business intelligence. Moreover, we illustrate the applications of business analytics in both business areas and industry sectors and shed light on the education in business analytics. Ultimately, to facilitate future research, we summarize several research techniques used in the literature reviewed.Design/methodology/approach: We set well-established selection criteria to select relevant literature from two widely recognized databases: Scopus and Web of Science. Afterward, we reviewed the literature and coded relevant sections in an inductive way using MAXQDA. Then we compared and synthesized the coded information.Findings: There are mainly four findings. Firstly, according to the bibliometric analysis, literature about business analytics is growing exponentially. Secondly, business analytics is a system that enabled by machine learning techniques aiming at promoting the efficiency and performance of an organization by supporting the decision-making process. Thirdly, the application of business analytics is comprehensive, not only in specific areas of a company but also in different industry sectors. Finally, business analytics is interdisciplinary, and the successful training should involve technical, analytical, and business skills.Originality/value: This systematic review, as a synthesis of the current research on business analytics, can serve as a quick guide for new researchers and practitioners in the field, while experienced scholars can also benefit from this work, taking it as a practical reference.

Dance for People with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 919-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Ruiz-Muelle ◽  
María Mar López-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Dance Therapy ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Future Research

Background: In recent years, several reviews have addressed the effectiveness of dance therapy in dementia, healthy older adults, or the elderly in general. However, reviews regarding the effect of this therapy exclusively on patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease have not been found. Objective: The purpose of this study is to review the available literature describing clinical trials which explore the effects of dancing on psychological and physical outcomes, functionality, cognitive function, and quality of life in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, this review aims to assess the quality of studies that perform dance therapy interventions in these patients. Methods: This study is a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials regarding the effect of intervention including a dancing activity in people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Results: In total, the evidence for this review rests on 12 studies with a total of 349 participants. The findings of this mini-review confirm the positive effect of dance therapy on physical and cognitive function, functionality, psychological outcomes, and quality of life in people with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: Most of the studies implementing dance as part of the therapeutic treatment has shown to improve or slow the worsening in the quality of life of patients with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers. Future research focused on these patients should use a more exhaustive methodology and make a more detailed description of these kind of interventions.

scholarly journals Towards the best kidney failure prediction tool: a systematic review and selection aid

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1527-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chava L Ramspek ◽  
Ype de Jong ◽  
Friedo W Dekker ◽  
Merel van Diepen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prediction Tool ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background Prediction tools that identify chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients at a high risk of developing kidney failure have the potential for great clinical value, but limited uptake. The aim of the current study is to systematically review all available models predicting kidney failure in CKD patients, organize empirical evidence on their validity and ultimately provide guidance in the interpretation and uptake of these tools. Methods PubMed and EMBASE were searched for relevant articles. Titles, abstracts and full-text articles were sequentially screened for inclusion by two independent researchers. Data on study design, model development and performance were extracted. The risk of bias and clinical usefulness were assessed and combined in order to provide recommendations on which models to use. Results Of 2183 screened studies, a total of 42 studies were included in the current review. Most studies showed high discriminatory capacity and the included predictors had large overlap. Overall, the risk of bias was high. Slightly less than half the studies (48%) presented enough detail for the use of their prediction tool in practice and few models were externally validated. Conclusions The current systematic review may be used as a tool to select the most appropriate and robust prognostic model for various settings. Although some models showed great potential, many lacked clinical relevance due to being developed in a prevalent patient population with a wide range of disease severity. Future research efforts should focus on external validation and impact assessment in clinically relevant patient populations.

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