scholarly journals Hospital Wastewater—Important Source of Multidrug Resistant Coliform Bacteria with ESBL-Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7827
Author(s):  
Kristína Lépesová ◽  
Petra Olejníková ◽  
Tomáš Mackuľak ◽  
Klára Cverenkárová ◽  
Monika Krahulcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum

This work compares the prevalence of antibiotic resistant coliform bacteria in hospital wastewater effluents in Slovak (SR) and Czech Republic (ČR). It also describes selected antibiotic resistant isolates in view of resistance mechanism and virulence factor. The highest number of multidrug resistant bacteria was detected in samples from the hospital in Valašské Meziříčí (ČR). More than half of resistant isolates showed multidrug resistance phenotype as well as strong ability to form biofilm. In 42% of isolates efflux pump overproduction was detected together with tetA and tetE genes. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in coliform isolates was encoded mainly by blaTEM, blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-8/25 genes. About 62% of resistants contained a combination of two or more extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) genes. Our results strengthen the fact that hospital effluents are a source of multidrug resistant bacteria which can spread their resistance genes to other bacteria in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Accordingly, hospital wastewater should be better treated before it enters urban sewerage.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Different Aquatic Environments in the North of Spain and South of France

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1425
Author(s):  
Lara Pérez-Etayo ◽  
David González ◽  
José Leiva ◽  
Ana Isabel Vitas
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The North ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Health Organization

Due to the global progress of antimicrobial resistance, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the list of the antibiotic-resistant “priority pathogens” in order to promote research and development of new antibiotics to the families of bacteria that cause severe and often deadly infections. In the framework of the One Health approach, the surveillance of these pathogens in different environments should be implemented in order to analyze their spread and the potential risk of transmission of antibiotic resistances by food and water. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the presence of high and critical priority pathogens included in the aforementioned list in different aquatic environments in the POCTEFA area (North Spain–South France). In addition to these pathogens, detection of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was included due its relevance as being the antibiotic of choice to treat infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR). From the total of 80 analyzed samples, 100% of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and collectors (from hospitals and slaughterhouses) and 96.4% of the rivers, carried antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) against the tested antibiotics. Fifty-five (17.7%) of the isolates were identified as target microorganisms (high and critical priority pathogens of WHO list) and 58.2% (n = 32) of them came from WWTPs and collectors. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization showed that 96.4% were MDR and resistance to penicillins/cephalosporins was the most widespread. The presence of bla genes, KPC-type carbapenemases, mcr-1 and vanB genes has been confirmed. In summary, the presence of clinically relevant MDR bacteria in the studied aquatic environments demonstrates the need to improve surveillance and treatments of wastewaters from slaughterhouses, hospitals and WWTPs, in order to minimize the dispersion of resistance through the effluents of these areas.

scholarly journals Time-Resolved Transcriptional Profiling of Epithelial Cells Infected by Intracellular Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Nuria Crua Asensio ◽  
Javier Macho Rendón ◽  
Marc Torrent Burgas
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Profile Changes

The rise in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a serious threat to health, making it important to identify, characterize and optimize new molecules to help us to overcome the infections they cause. It is well known that Acinetobacter baumannii has a significant capacity to evade the actions of antibacterial drugs, leading to its emergence as one of the bacteria responsible for hospital and community-acquired infections. Nonetheless, how this pathogen infects and survives inside the host cell is unclear. In this study, we analyze the time-resolved transcriptional profile changes observed in human epithelial HeLa cells after infection by A. baumannii, demonstrating how it survives in host cells and starts to replicate 4 h post infection. These findings were achieved by sequencing RNA to obtain a set of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) to understand how bacteria alter the host cells’ environment for their own benefit. We also determine common features observed in this set of genes and identify the protein–protein networks that reveal highly-interacted proteins. The combination of these findings paves the way for the discovery of new antimicrobial candidates for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Review on the Antibacterial Mechanism of Plant-Derived Compounds against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (MDR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Najwan Jubair ◽  
Mogana Rajagopal ◽  
Sasikala Chinnappan ◽  
Norhayati Binti Abdullah ◽  
Ayesha Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Antibiotic Discovery

Microbial resistance has progressed rapidly and is becoming the leading cause of death globally. The spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms has been a significant threat to the successful therapy against microbial infections. Scientists have become more concerned about the possibility of a return to the pre-antibiotic era. Thus, searching for alternatives to fight microorganisms has become a necessity. Some bacteria are naturally resistant to antibiotics, while others acquire resistance mainly by the misuse of antibiotics and the emergence of new resistant variants through mutation. Since ancient times, plants represent the leading source of drugs and alternative medicine for fighting against diseases. Plants are rich sources of valuable secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, quinones, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Many studies focus on plant secondary metabolites as a potential source for antibiotic discovery. They have the required structural properties and can act by different mechanisms. This review analyses the antibiotic resistance strategies produced by multidrug-resistant bacteria and explores the phytochemicals from different classes with documented antimicrobial action against resistant bacteria, either alone or in combination with traditional antibiotics.

scholarly journals The Abundance of Genes Encoding ESBL, pAmpC and Non-β-Lactam Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Recovered From Wastewater Effluents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folake Temitope Fadare ◽  
Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Genes Encoding

The aquatic environments play a critical function in the widespread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, ultimately impacting human health. We evaluated the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and the various resistance gene determinants in final effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Eastern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa. A total of 44 presumptive Enterobacteriaceae was recovered following standard isolation methods. Upon molecular confirmation through Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of flight (MALDI TOF), a high predominance of Klebsiella pneumoniae (24%) was noted. All the confirmed isolates (n = 29) subjected to a panel of eighteen antibiotics categorized into eleven different classes were multidrug-resistant (MDR). They displayed resistance against antibiotics in more than three different classes. Notably, one E. cloacae exhibited resistance against all the antibiotics assayed. The multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI) ranged from 0.22 to 1.0, indicating an environment with high pressure of antibiotics. Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis showed that 72.4% of the isolates harboured at least one β-lactamase genetic determinant. The most predominant extended-spectrum β-lactamases were blaCTX-M-group (21.5%), blaTEM (20%), and blaSHV (16.9%) while the most predominant plasmid-mediated AmpC-type β-lactamases were blaCIT and blaACC (25.9%) and blaEBC (22.2%). A total of 86.2% of the Enterobacteriaceae harboured a minimum of one non-β-lactam resistance gene determinant with predominance observed in catII (25%), sulII (15.8%), and sulI (14.5%). These results demonstrate an abundance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae in WWTPs’ effluents. The study confirms the need to optimize current WWTPs’ processes to improve the quality of effluents and ultimately reduce the potential risks of using such water when discharged into the environment.

Efflux pump inhibitors of clinically relevant multidrug resistant bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2460-2504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andraž Lamut ◽  
Lucija Peterlin Mašič ◽  
Danijel Kikelj ◽  
Tihomir Tomašič
Keyword(s):  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitors

scholarly journals Virulence and plasmidic resistance determinants of Escherichia coli isolated from municipal and hospital wastewater treatment plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Calhau ◽  
Catarina Mendes ◽  
Angelina Pena ◽  
Nuno Mendonça ◽  
Gabriela Jorge Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
E Coli

Escherichia coli is simultaneously an indicator of water contamination and a human pathogen. This study aimed to characterize the virulence and resistance of E. coli from municipal and hospital wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in central Portugal. From a total of 193 isolates showing reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime and/or nalidixic acid, 20 E. coli with genetically distinct fingerprint profiles were selected and characterized. Resistance to antimicrobials was determined using the disc diffusion method. Extended spectrum β-lactamase and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, phylogroups, pathogenicity islands (PAIs) and virulence genes were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CTX-M producers were typed by multilocus sequence typing. Resistance to beta-lactams was associated with the presence of blaTEM,blaSHV, blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-32. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance was associated with qnrA, qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib-cr. Aminoglycoside resistance and multidrug-resistant phenotypes were also detected. PAI IV536, PAI IICFT073, PAI II536 and PAI ICFT073, and uropathogenic genes iutA, papAH and sfa/foc were detected. With regard to the clinical ST131 clone, it carried blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-type, qnrS and aac(6′)-lb-cr; IncF and IncP plasmids, and virulence factors PAI IV536, PAI ICFT073, PAI IICFT073, iutA, sfa/foc and papAH were identified in the effluent of a hospital plant. WWTPs contribute to the dissemination of virulent and resistant bacteria in water ecosystems, constituting an environmental and public health risk.

scholarly journals Nosocomial Infections Due to Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Cancer Patients: A Seven-Year Experience of an Oncology Center in Western China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Min Jiang ◽  
Xin Shi ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Huan Gao ◽  
Meng-Di Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Western China ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Abstract Background: Bacterial infections are the most frequent complications in patients with malignancy, and the epidemiology of nosocomial infections among cancer patients has changed over time. This study aimed to evaluate characteristics, antibiotic-resistant patterns, and prognosis of nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) in cancer patients. Methods: This retrospectively analyzed cancer patients with MDR bacteria caused nosocomial infections from August 2013 to May 2019 and was conducted to explore the risk factors, clinical features, outcomes, and antibiotic-resistant patterns of these infections. Results: Overall, 257 cancer patients developed nosocomial infections caused by MDR bacteria. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae was the most frequently isolated multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGNB), followed by ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumonia, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Cancer patients with liver disease, received intrapleural/abdominal infusion within 30 days, length of hospitalization, hemoglobin, and albumin were independent factors for 30-day mortality in the study population. The isolated MDR bacteria were highly sensitive to amikacin, meropenem, imipenem, tigecycline, and piperacillin/tazobactam. Conclusions: Cancer patients with prolonged hospitalization was an independent predictor of a favorable outcome. However, cancer patients with liver disease, received intrapleural/abdominal infusion within 30 days, anemia, and hypoproteinemia were independent risk factors of 30-day mortality.

scholarly journals Investigation of the environmental presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria at small animal hospitals in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám Kerek ◽  
Ágnes Sterczer ◽  
Zoltán Somogyi ◽  
Dóra Kovács ◽  
Ákos Jerzsele
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

AbstractMultidrug-resistant bacteria can cause severe nosocomial infections in both human and veterinary clinics. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and antibiotic susceptibility of Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas strains at four small animal clinics of Hungary in 2018, as these bacteria can reliably represent the level of antimicrobial resistance in the investigated environment. A total of 177 Staphylococcus colonies were found, including 22 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and 13 Staphylococcus aureus. As regards enterococci, 9 Enterococcus faecium, 2 E. faecalis and further 286 Enterococcus strains were isolated. The number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (n = 34) was considered too low for relevant susceptibility testing. Among staphylococci, the highest resistance was found to sulphamethoxazole (82.9%), penicillin (65.7%) and erythromycin (54.3%), while in the case of enterococci, resistance to norfloxacin and rifampicin was the most common, with 25.5% of the strains being resistant to both antibiotics. Ten methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and six vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) strains could be identified. Only 5.7% of the Staphylococcus isolates were susceptible to all tested agents, while this ratio was 36.2% among enterococci. The results of this study have revealed a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Hungarian small animal clinics, which highlights the importance of regular disinfection processes and stringent hygiene measures in veterinary clinics.

scholarly journals Resistance determinants and their genetic context in enterobacteria from a longitudinal study of pigs reared under various husbandry conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Poulin-Laprade ◽  
Jean-Simon Brouard ◽  
Nathalie Gagnon ◽  
Annie Turcotte ◽  
Alexandra Langlois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The Impact

Pigs are major reservoirs of resistant Enterobacteriaceae that can reach humans through consumption of contaminated meat or vegetables grown in manure-fertilized soil. Samples were collected from sows during lactation and their piglets at five time points spanning the production cycle. Cefotaxime-resistant bacteria were quantified and isolated from feed, feces, manures and carcasses of pigs reared with penicillin-using or antibiotic-free husbandries. The isolates were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing, whole genome sequencing and conjugation assays. The extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was more frequent in isolates originating from antibiotic-free animals, while the bacteria isolated from penicillin-using animals were on average resistant to a greater number of antibiotics. The ESBL-encoding genes identified were blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-15 and blaCMY-2 and they co-localised on plasmids with various genes encoding resistance to ß-lactams, co-trimoxazole, phenicols and tetracycline, all antibiotics used in pig production. Groups of genes conferring the observed resistance and the mobile elements disseminating multidrug resistance were determined. The observed resistance to ß-lactams was mainly due to the complementary actions of penicillin-binding proteins, an efflux pump and ß-lactamases. Most resistance determinants were shared by animals raised with or without antimicrobials. This suggests a key contribution of indigenous enterobacteria maternally transmitted along the sow lineage, regardless of antimicrobial use. It is unclear if the antimicrobial resistance observed in the enterobacteria populations of the commercial pig herds studied were present before the use of antibiotics, or the extent to which historical antimicrobial use exerted a selective pressure defining the resistant bacterial populations in farms using penicillin prophylaxis. Importance: Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat that needs to be fought on numerous fronts along the One Health continuum. Vast quantities of antimicrobials are used in agriculture to ensure animal welfare and productivity, and are arguably a driving force for the persistence of environmental and food-borne resistant bacteria. This study evaluated the impact of conventional, organic and other antibiotic-free husbandry practices on the frequency and nature of antimicrobial resistance genes and multidrug resistant enterobacteria. It provides knowledge about the relative contribution of specific resistance determinants to observed antibiotic resistance. It also showed the clear co-selection of genes coding for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and genes coding for the resistance to antibiotics commonly used for prophylaxis or in curative treatments in pig operations.

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