scholarly journals Activity–Inactivity Patterns, Screen Time, and Physical Activity: The Association with Overweight, Central Obesity and Muscle Strength in Polish Teenagers. Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7842
Author(s):  
Magdalena Górnicka ◽  
Jadwiga Hamulka ◽  
Lidia Wadolowska ◽  
Joanna Kowalkowska ◽  
Eliza Kostyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Today, the time spent actively is increasingly being replaced by screen-based media, although in some teenagers, a high level of physical activity (PA) and longer time spent in front of a screen (screen time, ST) may coexist as a mixed behavioral pattern. This study aimed to examine the association of the pattern created as activity (low/high ST with high PA) and inactivity patterns (low/high ST with low PA) with overweight, central obesity, and muscle strength in Polish teenagers taking into consideration socioeconomic and demographic factors. Cross-sectional data were collected from elementary school children (n = 1567), aged 11–13 years. Height, weight, waist circumference, and handgrip strength were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the overweight measure, and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated as the central obesity measure. Data on ST, PA, socioeconomic status, demographics, and nutrition knowledge were collected by a questionnaire. Activity–inactivity patterns were defined by an a priori approach. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was applied. The most active pattern (lowST-highPA) was found in 17% of the total sample. Teenagers with the most inactive pattern (highST-lowPA) had over four times higher chance of general overweight. No association between WHtR ≥0.5 and highST-highPA pattern was found. Higher muscle strength (>1 SD) was associated only with high physical activity. Urban residence or lower socioeconomic status increased adherence to the most inactive pattern. From a public health perspective, implementing interventions promoting active patterns in 11–13-year-old teenagers is important for obesity prevention and enhanced physical fitness, especially in girls, teenagers living in urban areas, and from families with lower socio-economic status.

scholarly journals Relationships between Socioeconomic Status, Handgrip Strength, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Middle-Aged Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1892
Author(s):  
Jinkyung Cho ◽  
Inhwan Lee ◽  
Dong-Ho Park ◽  
Hyo-Bum Kwak ◽  
Kisuk Min
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Although low socioeconomic status (SES) and decreased muscle strength have been found to be associated with the risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, the associations among SES, muscle strength, and NAFLD are still unclear. We aimed to investigate the combined effect of SES and relative handgrip strength (HGS) on the risk of NAFLD in middle-aged adults. Data from 5272 middle-aged adults who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) from 2014–2018 were analyzed. NAFLD was defined using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) > 36 and the comprehensive NAFLD score (CNS) ≥ 40 in the absence of other causes of liver disease. SES was based on a self-reported questionnaire. Overall, individuals with low SES (odds ratio (OR) = 1.703, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.424–2.037, p < 0.001) or low HGS (OR = 12.161, 95% CI: 9.548–15.488, p < 0.001) had a significantly higher risk of NAFLD. The joint association analysis showed that a low SES combined with a low HGS (OR = 2.479, 95% CI: 1.351–4.549, p = 0.003) further significantly increased the risk of NAFLD when adjusted for all the covariates, compared with individuals with a high SES and a high HGS (OR = 1). The current findings suggest that both low SES and low HGS were independently and synergistically associated with an increased risk of NAFLD in middle-aged Korean adults.

Joint association of screen time and physical activity with anthropometric measures in Iranian children and adolescents: the weight disorders survey of the CASPIAN-IV study

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Djalalinia ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Negar Rezaei ◽  
Ali Sheidaei ◽  
Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Study ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
School Students ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Iranian Children

AbstractBackground:This study aims to assess the joint association of screen time (ST) and physical activity (PA) with anthropometric indices among Iranian children and adolescents.Methods:In this national study, 23,183 school students, aged 6–18 years, were studied. By using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, they were selected from rural and urban areas of 30 provinces of Iran. ST and PA were assessed by self-administered validated questionnaires. Height, weight, hip and waist circumferences (WC) were measured according to standard protocols, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. ST of <2 h per day was categorized as “low” and ≥2 h per day as “high”. PA levels were obtained by a 7-day recall of sports or activities that made participants sweat or make their legs feel tired, or games that made them breathe heavily. Using this questionnaire, the score of 1–1.9 was categorized as “low” and scores between 2 and 5 as “high” PA. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the joint association of PA and ST categories with odds of anthropometric measures.Results:In both genders, those students categorized as “Low PA & High ST” had the highest levels of BMI z-scores (boys: 0.15±1.12, girls: 0.17±1.08), WC (boys: 69.93±13.89 cm, girls: 67.30±11.26 cm), and hip circumference (boys: 82.41±13.90 cm, girls: 84.05±13.7 cm), as well as the highest prevalence of overweight (boys: 15.32%, girls: 14.04%) (p<0.001 in all comparisons). In linear multivariate model, students with “High PA & High ST” had significant increased levels of z-scores for BMI, WC and hip circumference (p<0.05).Conclusions:The current findings underscore the importance of reducing ST along with increasing PA for prevention and control of excess weight in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Clustering of Sedentary Behaviours, Physical Activity, and Energy-Dense Food Intake in Six-Year-Old Children: Associations with Family Socioeconomic Status

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1722
Author(s):  
Junwen Yang-Huang ◽  
Amy van Grieken ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Wilma Jansen ◽  
Hein Raat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviour ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Physically Inactive

This study examined the clustering of lifestyle behaviours in children aged six years from a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands. Additionally, we analysed the associations between socioeconomic status and the lifestyle behaviour clusters that we identified. Data of 4059 children from the Generation R Study were analysed. Socioeconomic status was measured by maternal educational level and net household income. Lifestyle behaviours including screen time, physical activity, calorie-rich snack consumption and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption were measured via a parental questionnaire. Hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analyses were applied. The associations between socioeconomic status and lifestyle behaviour clusters were assessed using logistic regression models. Three lifestyle clusters were identified: “relatively healthy lifestyle” cluster (n = 1444), “high screen time and physically inactive” cluster (n = 1217), and “physically active, high snacks and sugary drinks” cluster (n = 1398). Children from high educated mothers or high-income households were more likely to be allocated to the “relatively healthy lifestyle” cluster, while children from low educated mothers or from low-income households were more likely to be allocated in the “high screen time and physically inactive” cluster. Intervention development and prevention strategies may use this information to further target programs promoting healthy behaviours of children and their families.

scholarly journals Muscle Strength and Glycaemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haya Abduhijleh ◽  
Joud Alalwani ◽  
Dana Alkhatib ◽  
Hiba Bawadi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Poor Glycaemic Control ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Use

Background: The prevalence of diabetes has been rising sharply since 1980, reaching 422 million cases worldwide in 2014. Physical activity and handgrip strength may be associated with good glycaemic control among patients with diabetes Objective: We tested the association between handgrip strength and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients, from National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey NHANES 2011-2014 and the contribution of the study covariates to this association. Hypothesis: Muscle strength is positively associated with glycemic control in type two diabetes. Methodology: This cross-sectional study examined the association between handgrip strength and glycaemic control among patients with diabetes. Data on 1058 participants aged 40 and older were collected from the NHANES. Muscle strength was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer, and blood samples were obtained to observe the glycaemic control values. Height, body weight, physical activity, insulin use, smoking status, alcohol use, participant demographics, and income-to-poverty ratio were all considered in the study. Results: logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between handgrip strength and poor glycaemic control among participants with diabetes. Three models were used, each model adjusted to include different variables. OR values revealed no association between handgrip strength and glycaemic control. However, model 2, which was adjusted for sedentary activity, income-topoverty ratio, education, and smoking, shows a trend towards an association. Patients in quartile 4 of handgrip had 0.59 odds of poor glycaemic control, OR = 0.59 (95% CI: 0.34–1.02). However, in model 3 this effect was diluted when further adjusted for insulin use, OR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.47– 1.38). Further analysis was performed to examine the mean decline in handgrip strength among non-insulin and insulin users. Non-insulin users, both men and women, have higher handgrip strength as compared to insulin users. Conclusion: There was no association found between handgrip and glycaemic control among patients with diabetes.

scholarly journals Association between peripheral muscle strength, exercise performance, and physical activity in daily life in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Kathrin Rausch-Osthoff ◽  
Malcolm Kohler ◽  
Noriane A. Sievi ◽  
Christian F. Clarenbach ◽  
Arnoldus J.R. Van Gestel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Peripheral Muscle

Background: Resistance training of peripheral muscles has been recommended in order to increase muscle strength in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, whether peripheral muscle strength is associated with exercise performance (EP) and physical activity in daily life (PADL) in these patients needs to be investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether strength of the quadriceps muscle (QS) is associated with EP and daily PADL in patients with COPD. Methods: We studied patients with COPD (GOLD A-D) and measured maximal isometric strength of the left QS. PADL was measured for 7 days with a SenseWear-Pro® accelerometer. EP was quantified by the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), the number of stands in the Sit-to-Stand Test (STST), and the handgrip-strength. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine possible associations between QS, PADL and EP. Results: In 27 patients with COPD with a mean (SD) FEV1 of 37.6 (17.6)% predicted, QS was associated with 6MWD, STST, and handgrip-strength but not with PADL. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that QS was independently associated with the 6MWD (β = 0.42, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.84, p = 0.019), STST (β = 0.50, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.86, p = 0.014) and with handgrip-strength (β = 0.45, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.84, p = 0.038). Conclusions: Peripheral muscle strength may be associated with exercise performance but not with physical activity in daily life. This may be due to the fact that EP tests evaluate patients’ true abilities while PADL accelerometers may not.

scholarly journals Effects of Two Types of 9-Month Adapted Physical Activity Program on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Balance in Moderate Sarcopenic Older Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piastra ◽  
L. Perasso ◽  
S. Lucarini ◽  
F. Monacelli ◽  
A. Bisio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Adapted Physical Activity ◽  
European Working ◽  
Postural Training

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of two types of 9-month adapted physical activity (APA) program, based on a muscle reinforcement training and a postural training, respectively, on muscle mass, muscle strength, and static balance in moderate sarcopenic older women. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was done in accordance with measurable variables and cut-off points suggested by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). Seventy-two participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the muscle reinforcement training group (RESISTANCE) (n=35; 69.9 ± 2.7 years) and the postural training group (POSTURAL) (n=37; 70.0±2.8 years). Body composition, muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and handgrip strength (HGS) were evaluated for sarcopenia assessment, whereas Sway Path, Sway Area, Stay Time, and Spatial Distance were evaluated for static balance assessment. Sixty-six participants completed the study (RESISTANCE group: n=33; POSTURAL group: n=33). Significant increases of muscle mass, SMI, and handgrip strength values were found in the RESISTANCE group, after muscle reinforcement program. No significant differences appeared in the POSTURAL group, after postural training. Furthermore, RESISTANCE group showed significant improvements in static balance parameters, whereas no significant differences appeared in the POSTURAL group. On the whole, the results of this study suggest that the APA program based on muscle reinforcement applied on moderate sarcopenic older women was able to significantly improve muscle mass and muscle strength, and it was also more effective than the applied postural protocol in determining positive effects on static balance.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo ◽  
Noelia González-Gálvez ◽  
Abraham López-Vivancos ◽  
Alejandro Espeso-García ◽  
Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional

The revised European consensus defined sarcopenia as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and analyse the influence of diet, physical activity (PA) and obesity index as risk factors of each criteria of sarcopenia. A total of 629 European middle-aged and older adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics were assessed. Self-reported PA and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were evaluated with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet questionnaire (PREDIMED), respectively. The functional assessment included handgrip strength, lower body muscle strength, gait speed and agility/dynamic balance. Of the participants, 4.84% to 7.33% showed probable sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was confirmed in 1.16% to 2.93% of participants. Severe sarcopenia was shown by 0.86% to 1.49% of participants. Male; age group ≤65 years; lower body mass index (BMI); high levels of vigorous PA; and the consumption of more than one portion per day of red meat, hamburgers, sausages or cold cuts and/or preferential consumption of rabbit, chicken or turkey instead of beef, pork, hamburgers or sausages (OR = 0.126–0.454; all p < 0.013) resulted as protective factors, and more time of sedentary time (OR = 1.608–2.368; p = 0.032–0.041) resulted as a risk factor for some criteria of sarcopenia. In conclusion, age, diet, PA, and obesity can affect the risk of having low muscle strength, low muscle mass or low functional performance, factors connected with sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Association of insufficient physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in individuals aged 50 years or more

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ribeiro dos SANTOS ◽  
Monique Yndawe Castanho ARAUJO ◽  
Michel Rocha CARDOSO ◽  
Vitor Cabrera BATISTA ◽  
Diego Giulliano Destro CHRISTOFARO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of insufficient physical activity in different domains with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in patients aged ³50 years. Methods: The sample consisted of 770 males and females. Sarcopenia was diagnosed when the individual had: (1) low muscle mass and muscle strength; or (2) low walking speed and low muscle mass; sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed when individuals were at risk of obesity and sarcopenia. Muscle mass was given by a predictive equation, and then the muscle mass index (in kg/m²) was given by muscle mass divided by height squared. Muscle strength, in kg, was given by measuring handgrip strength with a digital dynamometer. The 4m walk test evaluated walking sped. Low muscle mass, muscle strength, and walking speed were defined as the respective values below the 25th percentile, and risk of obesity was defined as body mass index ³25kg/m2. Results: Habitual physical activity was investigated by a questionnaire. Insufficient leisure-time physical activity was associated with sarcopenia (OR=2.55; 95%CI=1.10-5.88). In addition, insufficient leisure-time physical activity (OR=4.75; 95%CI=1.64-13.72), leisure-time and commuting physical activities (OR=2.49; 95%CI=1.02-6.11, and habitual physical activity (OR=3.55; 95%CI=1.0-11.79) were associated with sarcopenic obesity. Conclusion: Insufficient physical activity is associated with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in the study individuals aged ³50years.

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