scholarly journals The Psychology of Murder Concealment Acts

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3113
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin ◽  
Naji Arafat Mahat ◽  
Geshina Ayu Mat Saat ◽  
Azizah Othman ◽  
Ian Lloyd Anthony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Distortion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Psychometric Instruments ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

The escalating trend of murder victim concealment worldwide appears worrying, and literature does not reveal any specific study focusing on victim concealment amongst convicted male Malaysian murderers. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the psychological traits that may underlie the act of murder concealment in Malaysia via mixed method approaches. Male murderers (n = 71) from 11 prisons were selected via purposive sampling technique. In the quantitative analysis, a cross-sectional study design using the validated questionnaire was used. The questionnaire contained murder concealment variables and four Malay validated psychometric instruments measuring: personality traits, self-control, aggression, and cognitive distortion. The independent sample t-tests revealed the significantly higher level of anger in murderers who did not commit concealment acts (8.55 ± 2.85, p < 0.05) when compared with those who did so (6.40 ± 2.64). Meanwhile, the Kruskal–Wallis H test revealed that anger and the personality trait of aggressiveness-hostility significantly varied across the different groups of murder concealment acts (p < 0.05). The qualitative data obtained via the in-depth interviews revealed two important themes for the murderers to commit murder concealment acts: (1) fear of discovery and punishment and (2) blaming others. These findings discussed from the perspectives of the murderers within the context of criminology and psychology may provide the first ever insight into the murder concealment acts in Malaysia that can benefit the relevant authorities for crime prevention and investigation efforts.

scholarly journals Caffeine Consumption & Perception of Its Effects Amongst University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Umer Maqsood ◽  
Roop Zahra ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Latif ◽  
Hena Athar ◽  
Gul Muhammad Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caffeine Withdrawal ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Introduction: A variety of research studies have shown that caffeine usage is highly prevalent among university students and many of them have different perception of its effect on their mental and physical health. These perceptions can influence the intake of caffeine which may lead to its addiction, resulting in serious public health consequences. Aims & Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the frequency of caffeine consumption and the perception of its effects among university students. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted within 6 months duration, from May 2018 to October 2019 among students of three private universities in Lahore, Pakistan. Material & Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A sample size of 670 university students was taken and the data were collected from three private universities of Lahore through convenience sampling technique. The perception of effects of caffeine was determined through a pre-validated questionnaire, Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ) from consumers and nonconsumers of caffeine. Results: A total of 670 university students participated in the study, out of which, 278 (41.5%) were males and 392 (58.5%) were females. 506 (75.5%) participants were consumer of caffeine, while 164 (24.5%) were non consumer. The occurrence of caffeine consumption was more in males (79.9%) than in females (72.4%). Participants reported that they consume caffeine because it makes them feel more alert (83.4%), they experience caffeine withdrawal without caffeine (83%) and caffeine makes them feel more energetic (80.6%). The perceptions due to which participants don't consume caffeine were that they expect caffeine makes their heartbeat irregular (81.7%), they don't like the way caffeine makes them feel (80.5%) and caffeine makes them irritable (76.8%). Conclusion: The study concludes that male students had more tendencies towards caffeine consumption than females. Perceptions for consuming caffeine were feeling of alertness, experiencing caffeine withdrawal symptoms, feeling of energy and ability to work over long periods of time after having caffeine. The perceptions for not consuming caffeine were irregular heartbeat, bad feelings, irritability, and sleep disturbances.

scholarly journals Frequency and Severity of Imposter Syndrome among Medical Students of a Private Medical College

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ambreen Khalid ◽  
Adeela Shahid ◽  
Khalid Rahim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Degree Of Severity

Background: Students suffering from imposter syndrome/phenomenon (IP) consider themselves less competent and less skill full as compared to the abilities they actually possess. Although previous research has identified different causes of stress and burnout less research has been conducted to determine the frequency of imposter syndrome among medical undergraduate students. Objectives: (1) To determine the frequency and the degree of severity of Imposter syndrome among medical students. (2) To find out the association of Gender with imposter syndrome. (3) To evaluate the difference in the severity of imposter syndrome between 1st and 2nd-year MBBS students. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 1st and 2nd-year MBBS students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore. A convenient sampling technique was used. The study instrument used was a validated questionnaire (Clance IP Scale) containing 20 items with 5 points Likert scale. By adding up the score, the degree of severity is determined. Frequencies & percentages were determined, chi-square applied, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: One hundred and 40 students filled the IP Scale questionnaire. The frequency of imposter syndrome was 53.3% among medical students. The majority (85%) of the medical students had frequent to intense imposter characteristics. A higher number of female students was affected by imposter phenomenon as compared to males. Greater number of 1st-year students were suffering from imposter syndrome as compared to 2nd-year students. Conclusions: Frequency of imposter syndrome was high among medical students. Its severity ranges from moderate to frequent IP categories in majority of students. Female students were affected more as compared to their male counterparts.

scholarly journals Awareness and Preparedness for the Ongoing Community Spread of Coronavirus Infections Among Healthcare Workers in a Nigerian Private Tertiary Facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-267
Author(s):  
AE Ladele ◽  
JO Ogunkoya ◽  
CJ Elikwu ◽  
TA Oyedele ◽  
KE Tuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Facility ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting and spreading the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease putting themselves, the patients and the community at large at risk. Therefore, there is a need for adequate preparedness in the face of this pandemic. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of HCW (clinical and non-clinical) on COVID-19, determine the level of HCWs preparedness against COVID-19 and evaluate the level of preparedness of the hospital facility against COVID-19. Methods: Purposive sampling technique was used in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from a validated questionnaire was used to collect appropriate data on socio-demographics, knowledge about COVID 19 and preparedness. Results: A total of 170 HCWs with a mean age of 34.7±6.9 years participated in this study. More than half (56.5%; 96/170) were females. The average knowledge score among clinical staff was 9.04±13.77, with 80 clinical staff having good knowledge of COVID-19. The majority of non-clinical staff had a fair knowledge of COVID-19 with an average knowledge score of 5.11±47.07. About 63.4% were not confident enough in caring for a suspected coronavirus case even though more than half (57.6%) have had formal training in Infection Prevention and Control and above 77% (131/170) confirmed the availability of PPE in their facility. However, about three-quarters (74.7%; 127/170) believed the hospital is well prepared to manage COVID-19 cases. Conclusion: This study revealed that this cohort of HCWs have good knowledge of COVID-19 and are convinced that they and their facility are well prepared for outbreaks of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Hypertension among Antihypertensive Medication Users

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (204) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakti Shrestha ◽  
Bhojraj Adhikari ◽  
Ramesh Sharma Poudel ◽  
Kailash Thapaliya ◽  
Tikaram Kharal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Introduction: Hypertension is growing among the population of Nepal. We aimed to determine the current knowledge, attitude and practice of hypertension among hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive medication in the community of Central Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the hypertensive patients in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal from July 2015 to September 2015 using clustered sampling technique. Suitably designed and validated questionnaire of knowledge, attitude and practice on hypertension consisting of 27 questions were used to determine the KAP scores. The difference in the median KAP scores between sex, level of education and duration of hypertension were assessed using Mann-Whitney U test.Results: A total of 200 patients met the inclusion criteria and majority of them were male (60%), had received primary education (36%) and had hypertension for ≥5 years (46.5%). The blood pressure ranged from 100-180/60-110 mmHg. The median K, A and P scores were 8 (6), 5 (1) and 6 (3) respectively. K and A were statistically associated with sex both at p<0.001 and level of education (K at p<0.001 and A at p=0.016).Conclusions: The current knowledge, attitude and practice among hypertensive patients using antihypertensive medication can be improved. Keywords: attitude; hypertension; knowledge; practice. | PubMed

scholarly journals Difficulties Faced by the Undergraduate Medical Students in Relation to Institution and Hostel Campus: Views of Selected Medical Colleges of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Farhana Haque ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir Talukder ◽  
Kazi Khairul Alam ◽  
Sadia Jabeen Khan ◽  
Md Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Medical Teachers ◽  
Medical Colleges

This study set out to identify the institutional difficulties encountered by the undergraduate medical students of Bangladesh. This was a descriptive type of cross sectional study, conducted from July 2017 to June 2018. The population of the study consisted of undergraduate medical students and medical teachers of 8 medical colleges of Bangladesh including both government and non-government which were located in Dhaka and outside of the Dhaka. Medical colleges and medical teachers were selected purposively and students were selected by the convenience sampling technique. The questionnaire using five points Likert scale were administered on 1059 medical students and in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 medical teachers. The study revealed that most of the students faced institutional related difficulties, particularly cleanliness of campus 480 (45.6%), unclean toilet 762 (72%), poor quality canteen 663 (63%), poor games facilities 792 (75%), insufficient hostel accommodation 669 (65.2%), unclean hostel 652 (63.5%), insufficient recreation facilities in hostel 702 (68.5%) and irregular hostel supervision by the authority 590 (57.6%). Based on the study, it was suggested that concerned authority should consider the findings and should take some significant steps for sustainable solutions to the difficulties of the students. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.10(2) 2019: 23-25

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE Of ANTIBIOTIC USE, MISUSE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN THE SLUM COMMUNITY IN KARACHI

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 04-06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia Nasir ◽  
Badil Das Goil ◽  
Adeel Eliyas ◽  
Shireen Sherali ◽  
Muhammad Hasnain Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Slum Community

Background: Worldwide antimicrobial resistance is hugely increasing in the response of inappropriate antibiotic use. Our objectives were to assess knowledge of antibiotic use, misuse and antibiotic resistance in the slum community of Karachi. Methods: This Community-based cross-sectional study was carried out Shireen Jinnah Colony in Karachi for the period of six months from 1st January to 30th June 2017.Subjects of both genders were approached through convenient non-probability sampling technique. Subjects of both genders having age 15 years and above and who were willing to participate in the study were included. An adapted and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Out of total 120 subjects, the majority of 100 (83.3%) were males, 64 (53.3%) married, 36 (30%) were matriculate and 54.2% fell in the age group between 15-30 years of age. Majority of 77.5% participants never attended any seminar or workshop about antibiotic resistance. Most of 73.33% subjects answered that antibiotics are effective in treating both bacterial and viral infections. 60.83% of respondents purchase antibiotic with the prescription. 70 % of subjects knew about antibiotic adverse drug reaction. In addition, 60.83% stop the antibiotic medication when feeling better. Conclusion: The study concluded the lack of knowledge of the use of antibiotics and the unnecessary and improper use of the antibiotic may cause antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Assessment of immunization status among under five children in rural Mangaluru: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3866
Author(s):  
Chandana Gopal Manglik ◽  
Shrivathsa Dala N.
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Study Population ◽  
N 93 ◽  
Vitamin A2

Background: Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of vaccine. If exposure to a disease occurs in a community there is a little to no risk of an epidemic if people have been immunized. This study was to assess the immunization status among children up to 5 years in rural Mangaluru.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among children of 0-5 years of age group (n=93) in rural Mangaluru using convenient sampling technique. After obtaining oral consent from parents, immunization status of children was assessed using validated questionnaire and details of child found to be partially immunized or not at all, reasons for not giving the vaccine were also collected.Results: 52.7% of the study population was partially immunized and 46.2% were fully immunized; only 83.9% possessed an immunization card. Majority of them have not taken measles/MR (55.9%) and also IPV 1 (46.2%) and Vitamin A2 (61.3%) because of unaware need for further immunization (58%).Conclusions: According to the survey, conducted in rural fields, we found that half of the population was partially immunized. Reasons being lack of awareness, negligence of parents, unaware of 2nd and 3rd dose of vaccines.

scholarly journals Association of Physical Activity with Co-morbid Conditions in Geriatric Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Aliya Hisam ◽  
Mahmood Ur Rahman ◽  
Rimsha Khan ◽  
Sundus Ilyas ◽  
Anosha Jabbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Morbid Conditions ◽  
Physically Inactive

To find out association of physical activity with co-morbid conditions in geriatric population, a cross-sectional study was conducted in different cties of Pakistan in 2015. A total of 114 participants were inducted by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data was collected after informed verbal consent by a validated questionnaire that is Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA). Participants were categorized into two groups i.e. physically active and physically inactive.  Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 20. There were 66 (57.9%) males and <br /> 48 (42.1%) females with mean age of 57.04±7.348 years. Among hypertensive individuals (n=43, 37.7%) there were 39 (90.7%) physically inactive, among individuals having angina (n=17, 14.9%) there were 15 (88.2%) physically inactive. Out of 37 (32.5%) diabetics, 35 (94.6%) were physically inactive. Among individuals suffering from arthritis (n=40, 35.1%), there were 38 (95%) physically inactive. A significant association was found between physical activity and diabetes and arthritis with p-value of 0.048 and 0.029 respectively. Physical activity is significantly associated with diabetes and arthritis in geriatric population. Adequate physical activity should be performed to reduce the risk of co-morbid conditions and improve the quality of life in geriatric population.

scholarly journals Analisis Tingkat Pemahaman Metrorrhagia pada Mahasiswa Non-Kedokteran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alna Nur'aina Latip
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Insight Into

Menstruation is a common thing experienced by all women who have gone through puberty. In some people menstrual disorders often arise, both in terms of the amount of blood, the time interval, or the time of discharge. One of the menstrual disorders that often occur in society is metrorrhagia, which is the discharge of blood outside the menstrual cycle. This study aims to determine the level of public understanding regarding metrorrhagia, especially non-medical students. This study uses descriptive analytical research and The approach was a cross sectional study design. 30 samples with random sampling technique. From the research, it was found that the level of understanding of metrorrhagia in non-medical female students was still very low. The majority of respondents only know the term without knowing in depth the causes, risk factors, and methods of treatment. It is hoped that this research can add insight into knowledge and add references to readers.

scholarly journals Predictors of periodontal and caries related perinatal oral healthcare, investigation of dentists’ practices: a cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12080
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qasim Javed ◽  
Usman Anwer Bhatti ◽  
Arham Riaz ◽  
Farooq Ahmad Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Dental Procedures

Background The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists towards providing oral health care to pregnant women and to identify barriers and predictors of periodontal and caries related perinatal oral healthcare practices. Methods A cross-sectional analytical survey was conducted on dentists by using a random sampling technique, and a pre-validated questionnaire was delivered to 350 dentists from May 2018 to October 2018. Data were analyzed by utilizing SPSS software. Frequencies and percentages were recorded for descriptive variables. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the probability of predicting group membership to the dependent variable using different independent variables determined from contingency tables. Results Overall response rate was 41%. The mean knowledge score of respondents was 15.86 ± 3.34. The lowest correct responses were noted in the questions related to periodontal health. It was found that the advice to delay dental visits until after pregnancy was eight times more likely to be observed among dentists who lacked the knowledge of importance of oral health during pregnancy (P = 0.04, OR = 8.75). Dentists were more likely to consult obstetricians regarding dental procedures when they fear a risk of labor in the dental practice (P < 0.05, OR = 3.72). Dentists who had the knowledge of periodontal disease association with preterm delivery were about four times more likely to treat periodontal disease during pregnancy (P = 0.01, OR = 3.95). Dentists knowing the association between maternal oral health and childhood decay were more likely to counsel pregnant patients regarding caries prevention (P > 0.05, OR = 3.75). Conclusions Collectively the results indicated few gaps in knowledge among some dentists and a need to improve existing attitudes towards perinatal oral health. Dentists failing to recognize the importance of perinatal oral health are more likely to be hesitant in treating pregnant patients. Failing to recognize the link between periodontal disease and obstetric complications increases the possibility of hesitance to counsel pregnant patients regarding the same. The appreciation of the evidence for poor perinatal oral health and risk of early childhood caries increases the likelihood of counseling by dentists on caries prevention.

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