scholarly journals Relationship of Sodium Intake with Overweight/Obesity among Chinese Children and Adolescents: Data from the CNNHS 2010–2012

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4551
Author(s):  
Kehong Fang ◽  
Yuna He ◽  
Yuehui Fang ◽  
Yiyao Lian
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

This study aims to examine association between sodium intake and overweight/obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Data were obtained from China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNNHS), 2010–2012. All participants recruited in this study aged 7–18 years old and provided complete dietary data on three-day consecutive 24 h dietary recalls combining with the household weighing method. Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to define overweight/obesity, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was used to define abdominal obesity. Sodium intake showed association with risk of overweight/obesity assessed by BMI in the highest tertile group with OR of 1.48 (95%CI 1.13–1.94) and 1.89 (95%CI 1.33–2.67) for WHtR. After adjusted for gender, age, household income, area, energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat, saturated fatty acids, and fiber intake, the relationship between sodium intake and overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity are not changed. The same results were founded in subjects aged 10–18 years old. Our results reveal a positive association between sodium intake and overweight/obesity in Chinese children and adolescents, independent of energy consumption.

The association between a metabolically healthy overweight/obesity phenotype and markers of inflammation among Chinese children and adolescents aged 10–18 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyu Zhou ◽  
Ling Bai ◽  
Yangyang Dong ◽  
Rongrong Cai ◽  
Wenqing Ding
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

Abstract Objectives The association between metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) and inflammatory markers remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of different metabolic phenotypes and to examine the relationship of different metabolic phenotypes with inflammatory markers among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods The study included 1,125 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years using a cross-sectional survey, and all subjects were classified into four groups based on a combination of BMI and metabolic status. In addition, the inflammatory markers we measured were high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results The prevalence of metabolically healthy with normal-weight (MHNW), MHO, metabolically unhealthy with normal-weight (MUNW), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) phenotypes was 38.76, 7.11, 38.67 and 15.47%, respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the MHO was associated with the z scores of hs-CRP in Chinese children and adolescents (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.39–0.83). Meanwhile, multivariate adjusted regression analysis showed that the relationship between hs-CRP and MHO among the overweight/obese was consistent with the results above, but among the normal-weight, only the highest quartile of TNF-α could increase the risk of MUNW (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.09–2.52). Conclusions MHO phenotypes were not common in Chinese children and adolescents. Individuals with MHO had a more beneficial hs-CRP profile than those with MUO.

scholarly journals Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Triglycerides in Chinese Children and Adolescents With Short Stature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuntian Chu ◽  
Qianqian Zhao ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Bo Ban ◽  
Hongbing Tao
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Nonlinear Relationship ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

Abstract Background: Elevated triglyceride (TG) levels are a biomarker of CVD risk. The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and TG in adults and obese children is well established. However, studies on children with short stature with SUA and TG are limited. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between SUA and TG in Chinese children and adolescents with short stature.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study. A total of 1095 children and adolescents with short stature (720 males and 375 females) were included. The related clinical characteristics, including body mass index (BMI), serum uric acid (SUA), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), were determined.Results: The univariate analysis results showed a significant positive association between SUA and TG (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a smooth curve fitting after adjusting for potential confounders was performed, and a nonlinear relationship between SUA and TG was observed. A multivariate piecewise linear regression model revealed a significant positive association between SUA and TG when the SUA level was greater than 7 mg/dL (β 0.13, 95% CI 0.05, 0.22; P = 0.002). However, we did not observe a significant relationship between SUA and TG when the SUA level was lower than 7 mg/dL (β 0.01, 95% CI -0.01, 0.04; P=0.799).Conclusion: This study described a nonlinear relationship between UA and TG in children and adolescents with short stature. When SUA rises to a certain level, there is a strong positive association between UA and TG. This finding suggests that elevated UA levels may be another risk indicator of cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents with short stature.

scholarly journals Puberty could regulate the effects of outdoor time on refractive development in Chinese children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2019-315636
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Tianyu Cheng ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Shuyu Xiong ◽  
Huijuan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Refractive Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

AimTo explore the impact of puberty on refractive development and its interaction with outdoor time in children and adolescents.MethodsIn this 2-year observational study, students aged 7–13 years were selected with cluster sampling. All participants underwent cycloplegic refraction and axial length measurements once every year. Information of related factors was acquired through proper questionnaire or inquiry. The level of testosterone/estradiol was detected from the saliva of the subjects using the ELISA kit. Multiple linear regression and generalised estimating equation (GEE) were used to analyse the relationship among puberty, outdoor activities and refractive indicators.ResultsA total of 776 children and adolescents were included, with an average baseline age of 9.64±1.54 years and 53.6% boys. There were 350 myopes (55.2% of the 634 cyclopleged subjects) at baseline. There was a significant difference in the mean axial length changes and outdoor time among different puberty groups (for axial length: p=0.017, for outdoor time: p=0.015). Myopic parents, less outdoor time and more changes in estradiol were associated with greater changes in axial length and spherical equivalent (SE) (axial length changes: parental myopia β=0.230, outdoor time β=−0.250, changes in estradiol β=0.261; SE changes: parental myopia β=−0.267, outdoor time β=0.256, changes in estradiol β=−0.297). In the GEE model, the interaction between outdoor time and puberty was significantly associated with axial length (p=0.024, β=1.199).ConclusionsThis study implies puberty may play a regulating role on the relationship between outdoor time and refractive development among Chinese children and adolescents, which provides clues for in-depth mechanism interpretation and efficient intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Dietary Sodium Intake Is Positively Associated with Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Chinese Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3949
Author(s):  
Zhenni Zhu ◽  
Xueying Cui ◽  
Xiaohui Wei ◽  
Jiajie Zang ◽  
Jingyuan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among children and adolescents is steadily increasing in China, while the main taste of Chinese food is salty. The present study aimed to determine the relationships between SSB and total fluid consumption and dietary sodium and salt intake among children and adolescents in China. The data were obtained from a cross-sectional investigation in 2015. A total of 3958 participants were included. A 24-h dietary record for three consecutive days was collected to determine the SSB intake and food consumption across school days and rest days. After adjusting for age, sex, yearly household income, maternal education, intentional physical exercise, and instances of eating out in the last week, the dietary sodium intake was positively associated with the SSB consumption (p < 0.05), but salt was not. After stratifying by sex, grades, and puberty status, the associations between dietary sodium intake and SSB consumption were significant in girls, in grades 1–5 and before puberty (p < 0.05). Dietary sodium intake was positively associated with SSB consumption in Chinese children and adolescents, particularly in young children. A reduction of the sodium intake might help reduce SSB consumption among children and adolescents.

Trends in abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents, 1993–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujing Ma ◽  
Dongqing Hou ◽  
Yanqing Zhang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Jiahong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

AbstractObjectivesThe prevalence of general overweight and obesity defined by body mass index criteria has greatly increased in Chinese children and adolescents in recent decades. However, few studies have considered the trend in abdominal obesity in Chinese children and adolescents. This study aimed to examine the secular trends in waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6–17 years from 1993 to 2015.MethodsA total of 11,985 children and adolescents aged 6–17 years participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a continuous cross-sectional survey, conducted from 1993 to 2015. Abdominal obesity was defined as WC≥age- and sex-specific 90th percentile based on the reference from Chinese children and adolescents or WHtR≥0.50.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex and region, mean WC increased from 60.27 cm in 1993 to 64.31 cm in 2015 (p for trend <0.001), and mean WHtR increased from 0.430 to 0.434 (p for trend <0.05). The prevalence of abdominal obesity defined by WC reference increased from 5.0% in 1993 to 19.3% in 2015 and defined by WHtR reference increased from 6.4% in 1993 to 14.5% in 2015 (p for trend <0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6–17 years has increased between 1993 and 2015.

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