scholarly journals Land Tenure and Green Production Behavior: Empirical Analysis Based on Fertilizer Use by Cotton Farmers in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4677
Author(s):  
Hui Mao ◽  
Yujia Chai ◽  
Shaojian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Green Production ◽  
Production Behavior ◽  
Cotton Farmers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Stable land rights can increase farmers’ expectations regarding the future and encourage their adoption of green production methods, which is an important guarantee for promoting the development of green agriculture development. This paper takes the fertilizer use as an example and systematically investigated the impact of land tenure stability on the green production behavior of heterogeneous farmers based on a field survey data of 349 cotton-planting farmers from Xinjiang, China. Furthermore, this research aims to assess the differential impact of land tenure stability on different risk preferences, organizational forms and ethnic groups. This study is a continuation of previous studies on factors influencing green production behavior. The results show that land transfers have an inhibiting effect on farmers’ green production behavior and this effect is more significant among risk-averse farmers, local farmers and minority nationalities farmers. The land tenure period can promote the green production of farmers and alleviate the restraining effect of land transfers on farmers’ green production behavior. Additionally, farmers of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) and large-scale households are more inclined to green production. The Chinese Government needs to further promote land transfer to large-scale households, improve the stability of land rights and adopt differentiated policies for heterogeneous farmers to encourage their green production.

scholarly journals Australian agricultural scale and corporate agroholdings: environmental and climatic impacts

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Plunkett ◽  
Andrew Duff ◽  
Ross Kingwell ◽  
David Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Corporate Ownership ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Climatic Impacts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentrate Production

The average size of Australian farms in scale and revenue are the globe’s largest. This scale is a result, in part, of low average rural population densities; development patterns in broadacre production; low levels of effective public policy transfers; a stable and suitable institutional setting suitable for corporate and other large scale investment; and low yields. It is also a factor of the natural variability of the country’s climatic systems which have contributed to the scale of extensive northern cattle production; this variability has implications for the pattern of ownership of broadacre and extensive production. Corporate ownership, tends to concentrate production aggregations at sufficient scale to offset its additional overheads in areas of relative climatic stability and to replicate these agroholding aggregations spatially to protect the stability of revenue flows. Family structures are more dominant in areas of greater climatic variability. Of interest is the impact that any increasing climatic variability (versus rapid changes in technology) may have upon this pattern.

A Predictive Energy Landscape Model of Metamorphic Protein Conformational Specificity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Wrabl ◽  
Keila Voortman-Sheetz ◽  
Vincent J. Hilser
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Thermodynamic Approach ◽  
High Identity ◽  
Denatured State ◽  
Metamorphic Protein ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

'Metamorphic' proteins challenge state-of-the-art structure prediction methods reliant on amino acid similarity. Unfortunately, this obviates a more effective thermodynamic approach necessary to properly evaluate the impact of amino acid changes on the stability of two different folds. A vital capability of such a thermodynamic approach would be the quantification of the free energy differences between 1) the energy landscape minima of each native fold, and 2) each fold and the denatured state. Here we develop an energetic framework for conformational specificity, based on an ensemble description of protein thermodynamics. This energetic framework was able to successfully recapitulate the structures of high-identity engineered sequences experimentally shown to adopt either Streptococcus protein GA or GB folds, demonstrating that this approach indeed reflected the energetic determinants of fold. Residue-level decomposition of the conformational specificity suggested several testable hypotheses, notably among them that fold-switching could be affected by local de-stabilization of the populated fold at positions sensitive to equilibrium perturbation. Since this ensemble-based compatibility framework is applicable to any structure and any sequence, it may be practically useful for the future targeted design, or large-scale proteomic detection, of novel metamorphic proteins.

scholarly journals Does Fertilizer Education Program Increase the Technical Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizer Use? Evidence from Wheat Production in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Wang ◽  
Wendong Zhang ◽  
Minghao Li ◽  
Yijun Han
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
The Impact

Farmers in China and many other developing countries suffer from low technical efficiency of chemical fertilizer use, which leads to excessive nutrient runoff and other environmental problems. A major cause of the low efficiency is lack of science-based information and recommendations for nutrient application. In response, the Chinese government launched an ambitious nationwide program called the “Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Project” (STFRP) in 2005 to increase the efficiency of chemical fertilizer use. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of this program. Using data from a nationally representative household survey, and using wheat as an example, this paper first quantifies the technical efficiency of chemical fertilizer use (TEFU) by conducting stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), then evaluates the impact of STFRP on the TEFU using a generalized difference-in-difference approach. We found that STFRP, on average, increased TEFU in wheat production by about 4%, which was robust across various robustness checks. The lessons learned from STFRP will be valuable for China’s future outreach efforts, as well as for other countries considering similar nutrient management policies.

Modern Developments in African Land Tenure: an Aspect of Culture Change

Africa ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Mair
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Culture Change ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
African Society ◽  
General Application ◽  
Modern Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infinite Range

African land tenure is a subject so vast that in dealing with it one hesitates to commit oneself to statements of general application lest particular instances should be found to controvert them. Yet, when it is considered from the point of view of culture change, it is possible to discern a number of general trends, the nature of which is similar because their cause is the same–the impact on African society of the commercial economy of Western Europe with its infinite range of forms of wealth and possibilities of acquiring them. Though other forces too are active in the modern process of culture change, this is the most pervasive, and its influence can be traced in the development of every institution. In the case of land rights, closely bound up as they are with systems of production, the influence is direct and obvious.

Method of Image Matching for Seabed Sonar Images Based on Regions of Interest

2014 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Zhang ◽  
Hong Yu Bian ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Zi Qi Song
Keyword(s):  
Target Detection ◽  
Image Matching ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Aspect Angle ◽  
Sonar Images ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Imaging Sonar ◽  
The Impact

One of the most effective instruments for target detection in turbid waters is imaging sonar. However, the aspect angle of imaging sonar is usually small and that is a sacrifice for high detection precision. To make imaging sonar practical in large scale target detection with wide aspect angle, investigating image matching methods for continuous sonar frames is of great importance. A novel image matching method using local features of SIFT is described in this paper, which mainly focuses on the problem of weak echo signals and the following sonar images mismatch. The correspondence between objects and cast shadow regions is employed to extract regions of interest. Besides, status parameters of underwater vehicle are used to approximate the image transformation. Image segmentation methods are involved to decrease the size of the feature extracting regions and reduce the impact of non-target seabed areas, which improves the stability of this sonar image matching method significantly.

scholarly journals Land Tenure and Cotton Farmers’ Land Improvement: Evidence from State-Owned Farms in Xinjiang, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Ruimei Wang ◽  
Quan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Land System ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cotton Farmers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Land Improvement

The land system of state-owned farms in China is different from that in rural areas. Whether the land tenure of state-owned farms can play a role in protecting cultivated land is an important issue for the high-quality development of state-owned agriculture in China. This article develops a dynamic model to examine how land tenure influences farmers’ decisions on land improvement. It then analyzes this relationship based on cotton farmers’ household-level data from state-owned farms of Xinjiang in China. We applied methods that take into account the possible endogeneity of the land tenure. The results reveal that the stability of land tenure in the past will not affect the current behavior of farmers for they have a relatively stable expectation of current land tenure and a high degree of trust in the government and its policies. The intergenerational transfer of land tenure is not the key factor that affects farmers’ land conservation, and the relatively long-term duration of land tenure (possibly five years or more) during their careers is more important. Our findings also reveal that non-property factors, such as government intervention (e.g., technology promotion) that alleviates the limited rationality of farmers, cannot be ignored because they played a crucial role in past land improvement when land tenure was less stable.

scholarly journals Impact Analysis of Large-Scale Environmental Spot Inspection Policy on Green Innovation: Evidence From China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Meitong Ren ◽  
Liye Chen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Inspection Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Spillover

The spot inspection policy has been widely applied in environmental protection in China. This paper collects environmental enforcement announcements and green patent data published by Chinese government agencies from 2006 to 2015. First, it studies the impact of spot inspection on green innovation with the spatial Durbin model. Then, it analyzes spatial heterogeneity according to the eastern, central, and western regions including 29 provinces. The spot inspection policy significantly increases the green innovation of a current region with a negative spillover effect on neighboring regions. Even though this policy has the best performance in the eastern region, it leads to pollution transfer into the western region, while being ineffective in the central region. Further, analysis on the spatial spillover effects of the 29 provinces proves that 21 provinces have a positive spillover effect, while eight provinces have a negative spillover effect. The research study shows that although spot inspection is generally beneficial to green innovation, pollution transfer and policy failure exist because of spatial heterogeneity.

scholarly journals IMPLIKASI YURIDIS PERUBAHAN NAMA LAUT NATUNA UTARA TERHADAP ZONA EKOMONI EKSKLUSIF INDONESIA (ZEEI) DITINJAU DARI HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Rizky Hidayatullah ◽  
Chomariyah Chomariyah ◽  
Dita Birahayu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
External Impact ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Indonesia changes the name of the sea in its Exclusive Economic Zone, which initially changed the name of the South China Sea to North Natuna Sea. The change in the name of the North Natuna Sea in Indonesia was protested by the Chinese government, given the abundant natural resources that made other countries especially China want to seize this region. Not only that, the North Natuna Sea is also one of the legal conflicts. The Indonesian government must increase awareness in terms of security and national defense in protecting sovereignty, especially in the North Natuna Sea. This study uses a normative juridical method and uses a legislative approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach in this case literature study of library materials so that it can be called library legal research. The impact of the change in the name of the North Natuna Sea internally, the change in the map of Indonesia in the North Natuna Sea because this change can be implemented without external parties. External impact, Indonesia received recognition from other countries that the name of the Indonesian sea has changed its name. And efforts made by Indonesia to secure the stability of the North Natuna Sea.

scholarly journals Risk Evaluation on China Government Bonds with EWMAVaR and SVM Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tianhao Ouyang ◽  
Xiaoyong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

This research studies the strategy of risk evaluation of China government bonds with the latest data. The angle of evaluation focuses on the interest rate and the stability risk, employing the EWMAVaR and SVM methods. The weights of each risk indicator are determined by the entropy method. Experimental results show that the risk of government bonds is stable in recent years. However, the impact of COVID-19 cannot be ignored because the risk level increased in the year 2020. The issuing of one trillion special antipandemic bonds could explain the fluctuation of the market because the fiscal incomes of Chinese government decreased in 2020 and could not be recovered in a short time. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has a better performance than the existing methods, and it can help well in realizing the risk assessment of government bonds.

scholarly journals Investigating the impact of atmospheric stability on thunderstorm outflow winds and turbulence

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Hawbecker ◽  
Sukanta Basu ◽  
Lance Manuel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Ring Vortex ◽  
Large Eddy Simulation Model ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Scale Flow ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Thunderstorm Outflow ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Downburst events initialized at various hours during the evening transition (ET) period are simulated to determine the effects of ambient stability on the outflow of downburst winds. The simulations are performed using a pseudo-spectral large eddy simulation model at high resolution to capture both the large-scale flow and turbulence characteristics of downburst winds. First, a simulation of the ET is performed to generate realistic initial and boundary conditions for the subsequent downburst simulations. At each hour in the ET, an ensemble of downburst simulations is initialized separately from the ET simulation in which an elevated cooling source within the model domain generates negatively buoyant air to mimic downburst formation. The simulations show that while the stability regime changes, the ensemble mean of the peak wind speed remains fairly constant (between 35 and 38 m s−1) and occurs at the lowest model level for each simulation. However, there is a slight increase in intensity and decrease in the spread of the maximum outflow winds as stability increases as well as an increase in the duration over which these strongest winds persist. This appears to be due to the enhanced maintenance of the ring vortex that results from the low-level temperature inversion, increased ambient shear, and a lack of turbulence within the stable cases. Coherent turbulent kinetic energy and wavelet spectral analysis generally show increased energy in the convective cases and that energy increases across all scales as the downburst passes.

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