scholarly journals Modelling Health in University Students: Are Young Women More Complicated Than Men?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7310
Author(s):  
Éva Bíró ◽  
Sándor Kovács ◽  
Ilona Veres-Balajti ◽  
Róza Ádány ◽  
Karolina Kósa
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Limited Life ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Best Fit

The biopsychosocial model of health in a limited life course perspective was tested among students in higher education using data from a nationwide cross-sectional survey of students on track to become teachers in Hungary. Health determinants were grouped into categories of biological, psychological, and social determinants and arranged in a temporal manner from childhood to the present. The model was tested by canonical correlation analysis followed by multivariate analysis of covariance. One composite outcome of health and six determinant groups were examined out of a total of 24 variables in both genders. Separate sets of health determinants were identified for men and women. The health of men was determined by fewer variables that were more proximal in time, more centred around physical activity, and less influenced by social relations. As opposed to that of men, women’s health was influenced by age; determinants were grouped around the ingestion of various substances and social support. In contrast to men, the health of women seemed to be more obviously multifactorial. The study supports the usefulness of the biopsychosocial model of health in research. The best fit models provided evidence for the importance of gender awareness when designing public health interventions aimed at students.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF EDUCATION ON STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION TOWARDS MENTAL ILLNESS: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Mariana Tumin ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Zulkifli Jantan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Stigma

People with mental illness often encounter stigma and discrimination. Mental illness-related stigma and discrimination represent the enormous obstacles that stand in the way of delivering mental health care. Little is known about stigma and discrimination toward mental illness in rural Sarawak. Thus, this study aimed to identify the stigma and discrimination towards mental illness among Sarawak’s rural community and the factors affecting them. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 840 respondent adults aged 21 and above. A validated Community Attitude towards Mental Illness (CAMI) and Discrimination towards Mental Illness questionnaire was used for data collection. A Two-way Multiple Analysis of Covariance (Two-way MANCOVA) test was carried out to determine how much gender and education level influence stigma and discrimination towards mentally ill patients. Analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference of standardised stigma and discrimination scores with education level (p<.001), but not with gender (p>.05). Age had a positive linear effect on both stigma and discrimination, whereas experience with mentally ill patients negatively affected both stigma and discrimination. Individuals with a lower level of education, older in age, and lesser experience in dealing with the mentally ill would have a higher level of stigma and discrimination towards mental illness. Thus, targeted and practical strategies need to be organised and implemented to combat mental illness-related stigma and discrimination.

scholarly journals Alcohol-related harm to others in England: a cross-sectional analysis of national survey data

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e021046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caryl Beynon ◽  
David Bayliss ◽  
Jenny Mason ◽  
Kate Sweeney ◽  
Clare Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Harm To Others ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm ◽  
Related Harm

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence, the frequency and the perpetrators of alcohol-related harm to others (AHTO) and identify factors associated with experiencing harm and aggressive harm.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingEngland.ParticipantsAdults (general population) aged 16 and over.Outcome measuresPercentage of respondents who experienced harm. Socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with the outcomes. Outcomes were (1) experienced harm/did not experience harm and (2) experienced aggressive harm (physically threatened, physically hurt and forced/pressured into something sexual)/did not experience an aggressive harm (no aggressive harm plus no harm at all).ResultsData to support a response rate calculation were not collected; 96.3% of people surveyed completed the AHTO questions. The weighted sample was 4874; 20.1% (95% CI 18.9 to 21.4, N=980) reported experiencing harm in the previous 12 months and 4.6% (95% CI 4.0 to 5.4, N=225) reported experiencing an aggressive harm. Friends and strangers were the dominant perpetrators. Most harms (74.8%) occurred less than monthly. Factors associated with experiencing harm were: younger age (p<0.001), drinking harmfully/hazardously (p<0.001), white British (p<0.001 compared to other white groups and Asian groups and p=0.017 compared to black groups), having a disability (p<0.001), being educated (p<0.001 compared to no education) and living in private rented accommodation (p=0.004 compared with owned outright). Being in the family stage of life (defined as having children in the household) had significantly lower odds of harm (p=0.006 compared to being single), as did being retired (p<0.001 compared to being employed). Factors associated with experiencing an aggressive harm were similar.ConclusionsThis exploratory study, using data collected through the Alcohol Toolkit Survey, shows that AHTO affects 20.1% of the population of England. Even apparently minor harms, like being kept awake, can have a negative impact on health, while aggressive harms are clearly of concern. Using a standard methodology to measure harm across studies would be advantageous. Policies that focus on alcohol must take into consideration the impact of drinking on those other than the drinker.

scholarly journals Prevalence of obesity and overweight among urban adults in Bulgaria

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1407-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lumdila Ivanova ◽  
Plamen Dimitrov ◽  
Jocilyn Dellava ◽  
Daniel Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Information ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of obesity is increasing in transitional countries, but extensive data on some countries, such as Bulgaria, are still lacking. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, relative to gender and income, among adults in Sofia, Bulgaria.DesignCross-sectional survey to collect data on diet, health, BMI and income using a brief questionnaire on diet and income. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance to determine differences within and between income and gender groups.SettingSofia, Bulgaria.SubjectsAdults living in the city of Sofia, Bulgaria.ResultsFor adults 30–60 years of age, 35·1 % were overweight and 6·2 % were obese. The proportion of overweight and obesity was higher among men than women (44·8 % v. 32·4 % and 6·0 % v. 4·7 %, respectively). With respect to income, BMI decreased as income increased. For men, BMI was highest for the lowest and highest income groups, whereas for women lower income was associated with a higher BMI.ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to be an emerging problem in some sectors of Bulgarian society, based on our data from the largest urban area of the country. These data provide new information on the divergence in health and disease risk in a country that is still economically challenged and may be facing the nutrition transition.

scholarly journals Significance of platelet counts in health and disease: Insights from a population study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (30) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Sariya Wongsaengsak ◽  
Jeff Dennis ◽  
Meily Arevalo ◽  
Somedeb Ball ◽  
Kenneth Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Population Study ◽  
National Health ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Using Data

Background: Platelets are important mediators of coagulation, inflammation, andatherosclerosis. We conducted a large population study with National Health and NutritionExamination Survey (NHANES) data to understand the relationship of total platelet count(TPC) with health and disease in humans.Methods: NHANES is a cross-sectional survey of non-institutionalized United States adults,administered every 2 years by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Participantsanswer a questionnaire, receive a physical examination, and undergo laboratory tests. TPCvalues were analyzed for a six-year period of NHANES (2011–2016). Weighted 10th and 90thpercentiles were calculated, and logistic regression was used to predict likelihood (Odds ratio[OR]) of being in categories with TPC < 10th percentile or > 90th percentile. Statistical analysiswas performed using Stata/SE 15.1, using population weights for complex survey design.Results: The mean TPC for our sample (N = 17,969) was 236 × 103/μL (SD = 59 × 103)with the 10th percentile 170 × 103/μL and the 90th percentile 311 × 103/μL. Hispanics (otherthan Mexican Americans) and obese individuals had lower odds of a TPC < 10th percentile.Males, Blacks, adults aged ≥ 45 years, and those with a recent (last 12 months) hospital staywere more likely to have a TPC < 10th percentile. Obese individuals and Mexican Americanshad higher odds of having TPC > 90th percentile. Individuals with a congestive heart failure(CHF) or coronary heart disease (CHD) diagnosis had over twice the odds (OR 2.06, 95% CI:1.50-2.82, p =< 0.001, and 2.11, 95% CI: 1.48-3.01, p =< 0.001, respectively) of having TPC<10th percentile. Individuals with an emphysema or asthma diagnosis were more likely to haveTPC > 90th percentile (OR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.08-3.13, p = 0.026, and 1.25, 95% CI: 1.00-1.56,p = 0.046, respectively). A diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer didnot have significant associations with TPC.Conclusions: Our study showed that obese individuals are more likely to havehigher TPC. Individuals with CHF and CHD had higher odds of having TPC < 10thpercentile, and those with emphysema and asthma were more likely to have TPC > 90thpercentile.

Determinants and Consequences of Transfer Pricing Autonomy: An Empirical Investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Xiaoling Chen ◽  
Shimin Chen ◽  
Fei Pan ◽  
Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Product Standardization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Level Performance

ABSTRACT Top management of a multidivisional firm needs to strike a balance between providing transfer pricing autonomy to divisional managers and retaining some level of control to prevent dysfunctional behavior. Little empirical evidence exists on how top management makes this trade-off. Drawing on agency theory, we predict that transfer pricing autonomy is influenced by intermediate product standardization, foreign investment, tax rate difference, and the weight on firm-level performance measures in the divisional manager's performance evaluation. We also predict that the extent of mismatch between transfer pricing autonomy and organizational characteristics leads to lower perceived fairness and perceived transfer pricing effectiveness by divisional managers. Using data collected from a cross-sectional survey of 210 divisional managers, we find results consistent with our predictions.

scholarly journals Wine Consumption in Norway: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Wæhler Gustavsen ◽  
Kyrre Rickertsen
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
The Past ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThe Norwegian per capita sales of wine have more than doubled over the past 20 years, while the sales of sprits and beer have declined. These changes are likely to be the effect of changes in economic, demographic, and attitudinal factors as well as the availability of wine. We estimated age-period-cohort (APC) logit models using data from a large repeated cross-sectional survey over the period 1991–2015. The estimation results indicate substantial effects of the APC variables as well as income, availability, and attitudes. The model was used to simulate wine consumption over the life cycle in different birth cohorts. The simulation results indicate that wine consumption frequency increases by age, and younger cohorts are expected to increase their consumption frequencies more than older cohorts, which suggests an increased wine consumption over time. (JEL Classifications: D12, J10, Q13)

scholarly journals Trends in thinness prevalence among adolescents in ten European countries and the USA (1998–2006): a cross-sectional survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2207-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Lazzeri ◽  
Stefania Rossi ◽  
Colette Kelly ◽  
Carine Vereecken ◽  
Namanjeet Ahluwalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of ‘graded thinness’ in children aged 11, 13 and 15 years in eleven developed countries and to identify trends in the prevalence of ‘thinness’ (BMI < 17 kg/m2 at age 18 years) by age and gender.DesignCross-sectional study using data collected through self-reported questionnaires.SettingData were taken from the 1997/1998, 2001/2002 and 2005/2006 surveys of the Health Behaviours in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study.SubjectsChildren and adolescents from ten European countries and the USA (n 158 000).ResultsPrevalence of grades 1, 2 and 3 of thinness was higher among 11-year-old students compared with the 13- and 15-year-olds in all countries. A higher prevalence of thinness was observed in girls than in boys. Since 1998 the prevalence of thinness decreased steadily in Czech boys and girls, while it increased for French girls. In the total European sample of females, thinness decreased from 1998 to 2006 (χ2 for trend, P < 0·01). Age-adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that Czech boys and girls, and Flemish and American girls were less likely to be thin in 2006 than in 1998; while a noteworthy increment, even if borderline significant, was observed for French girls with a 41 % increase in the likelihood to be thin.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that thinness is an important overlooked phenomenon with wide variation in prevalence and trends across developed countries. It deserves further longitudinal studies in a multinational context that could increase the understanding of the factors associated with thinness and contribute to developing preventive and nutritional programmes targeted at controlling obesity and chronic diseases, while monitoring thinness.

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