scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Occupational Groups—Trends over 20 Years and Future Forecasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8437
Author(s):  
Daniel Väisänen ◽  
Lena V. Kallings ◽  
Gunnar Andersson ◽  
Peter Wallin ◽  
Erik Hemmingsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Annual Change ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Relative Change

Background: Reports have indicated a negative trend in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the general population. However, trends in relation to different occupational groups are missing. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the trends in CRF during the last 20 years, and to provide a prognosis of future trends in CRF, in different occupational groups of Swedish workers. Methods: Data from 516,122 health profile assessments performed between 2001 to 2020 were included. CRF was assessed as maximal oxygen consumption and was estimated from a submaximal cycling test. Analyses include CRF as a weighted average, standardized proportions with low CRF (<32 mL/min/kg), adjusted annual change in CRF, and forecasting of future trends in CRF. Results: There was a decrease in CRF over the study period, with the largest decrease in both absolute and relative CRF seen for individuals working in administrative and customer service (−10.1% and −9.4%) and mechanical manufacturing (−6.5% and −7.8%) occupations. The greatest annual decrease was seen in transport occupations (−1.62 mL/min/kg, 95% CI −0.190 to −0.134). Men and younger individuals had in generally a more pronounced decrease in CRF. The proportion with a low CRF increased, with the greatest increase noted for blue-collar and low-skilled occupations (range: +16% to +21% relative change). The forecast analyses predicted a continuing downward trend of CRF. Conclusion: CRF has declined in most occupational groups in Sweden over the last two decades, with a more pronounced decline in blue-collar and low-skilled occupational groups.

scholarly journals Association between change in cardiorespiratory fitness and incident hypertension in Swedish adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732094299
Author(s):  
Tobias Holmlund ◽  
Björn Ekblom ◽  
Mats Börjesson ◽  
Gunnar Andersson ◽  
Peter Wallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Annual Change ◽  
Incident Hypertension

Aims To explore how change in cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with incident hypertension in adults, and whether the association varies between sex, age, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline and follow-up time. A second aim is to study how change in other lifestyle-related variables affects the results. Methods A total of 91,728 participants (48% women), normotensive at baseline, with two examinations from occupational health service screenings between 1982 and 2019 (mean duration 4.3 years) were included. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed as estimated maximal oxygen consumption using submaximal cycle testing. Change in cardiorespiratory fitness was expressed as the percentage change per year. Incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or greater or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or greater, or self-reported physician-diagnosed hypertension, at second examination. Results A large increase (≥3% annual change) in cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a 11% lower risk of incident hypertension compared with maintainers (–1 to +1%), after multi-adjustment including change in smoking, body mass index, diet, stress and exercise habits. On the contrary, a small (–1 to −<3%) and large (≥–3%) decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness associated with a 21% and 25% higher risk compared with maintainers. Longer duration between the examinations was associated with stronger risk associations. Preserving, or changing to, risk level for the other lifestyle variables was associated with a higher risk of incident hypertension. However, a simultaneous maintenance of or increase in cardiorespiratory fitness attenuated the risk associated with smoking, and stress. Conclusion Preserving or increasing cardiorespiratory fitness should be part of any long-term strategy to decrease the risk of incident hypertension.

Efficiency of special cooling liquid on thermal state of athletes at high temperatures

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
S. M. Rasinkin ◽  
M. V. Dvornikov ◽  
I. A. Artamonova ◽  
V. V. Petrova ◽  
A. A. Kish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Cooling Liquid ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Heat State ◽  
Average Skin

The article presents results of evaluating efficiency of special cooling liquid influence on heat state of athletes at high temperatures. The study covered 7 male athletes of cyclic sports, with sport rank at least 1 adult, average age 19.29±1.80 years. All the athletes underwent double examination including: anamnesis and complaints records, doctor’s examination, subjective evaluation of heat sensations, weight measurements, thermometry (tympanic, sublingual, rectal and skin (in 5 points)), ergospirometric stress testing. Changes in the athletes’ heat state were evaluated via dynamics of weighted average skin temperature and rectal temperature. Moreover, subjective evaluation of heat sensations was considered. Efficiency of the cooling liquid was assessed via dynamics of exercises performance time, maximal oxygen consumption and anaerobic metabolism threshold. The cooling liquid use appeared to be expedientin sport teams of summer sports for specific exertion after individual tests for adverse allergic reactions.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment using risk-stratified exercise testing and dose–response relationships with disease outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas I. Gonzales ◽  
Kate Westgate ◽  
Tessa Strain ◽  
Stefanie Hollidge ◽  
Justin Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Fitness Assessment ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Uk

AbstractCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with mortality and cardiovascular disease, but assessing CRF in the population is challenging. Here we develop and validate a novel framework to estimate CRF (as maximal oxygen consumption, VO2max) from heart rate response to low-risk personalised exercise tests. We apply the method to examine associations between CRF and health outcomes in the UK Biobank study, one of the world’s largest and most inclusive studies of CRF, showing that risk of all-cause mortality is 8% lower (95%CI 5–11%, 2670 deaths among 79,981 participants) and cardiovascular mortality is 9% lower (95%CI 4–14%, 854 deaths) per 1-metabolic equivalent difference in CRF. Associations obtained with the novel validated CRF estimation method are stronger than those obtained using previous methodology, suggesting previous methods may have underestimated the importance of fitness for human health.

Establishing national mental health and well‐being indicators for Scotland

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
Health And Well Being

The growing interest in the mental health and well‐being of populations raises questions about traditional measures of public mental health, which have largely focused on levels of psychiatric morbidity. This paper describes work in progress to identify a set of national mental health and well‐being indicators for Scotland that could be used to establish a summary mental health profile, as a starting point for monitoring future trends. The process in taking this work forward involves identifying a desirable set of indicators, scoping the data that are currently collected nationally in Scotland, identifying additional data needs, and ensuring existing data collection systems include mental health and well‐being. It is expected that an indicator set for adults will have been identified by 2007. The paper presents some of the conceptual and practical challenges involved in defining and measuring positive mental health and is presented here as a contribution to ongoing debates in this field.

scholarly journals Domain-specific physical activity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness among adults in Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Zeiher ◽  
M Duch ◽  
L E Kroll ◽  
G B M Mensink ◽  
J D Finger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Physical Measurements

Abstract Background Studies show that occupational physical activity (OPA) has less health-enhancing effects than leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). The spare data available suggests that OPA rarely includes aerobic PAs with little or no enhancing effects on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a possible explanation. This study aims to investigate the associations between patterns of OPA and LTPA and CRF among adults in Germany. Methods 1,204 men and 1,303 women (18-64 years), who participated in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey 2008-2011, completed a standardized sub-maximal cycle ergometer test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Job positions were coded according to the level of physical effort to construct an occupational PA index and categorized as low vs. high OPA. LTPA was assessed via questionnaires and dichotomized in no vs. any LTPA participation. A combined LTPA/OPA variable was used (high OPA/ LTPA, low OPA/LTPA, high OPA/no LTPA, low OPA/no LTPA). Information on potential confounders was obtained via questionnaires (e.g., smoking and education) or physical measurements (e.g., waist circumference). Multi-variable logistic regression was used to analyze associations between OPA/LTPA patterns and VO2max. Results Preliminary analyses showed that less-active men were more likely to have a low VO2max with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.80 for low OPA/LTPA, 1.84 for high OPA/no LTPA and 3.46 for low OPA/no LTPA compared to high OPA/LTPA. The corresponding ORs for women were 1.11 for low OPA/LTPA, 3.99 for high OPA/no LTPA and 2.44 for low OPA/no LTPA, indicating the highest likelihood of low fitness for women working in physically demanding jobs and not engaging in LTPA. Conclusions Findings confirm a strong association between LTPA and CRF and suggest an interaction between OPA and LTPA patterns on CRF within the workforce in Germany. Women without LTPA are at high risk of having a low CRF, especially if they work in physically demanding jobs. Key messages Women not practicing leisure-time physical activity are at risk of having a low cardiorespiratory fitness, especially if they work in physically demanding jobs. Different impact of domains of physical activity should be considered when planning interventions to enhance fitness among the adult population.

scholarly journals Perceived Stress among Different Occupational Groups and the Interaction with Sedentary Behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dėdelė ◽  
Miškinytė ◽  
Andrušaitytė ◽  
Bartkutė
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
The Impact

Sedentary lifestyle and low physical activity are associated with health issues, including both physical and mental health, non-communicable diseases, overweight, obesity and reduced quality of life. This study investigated differences in physical activity and other individual factors among different occupational groups, highlighting the impact of sedentary behaviour on perceived stress by occupation. Cross-sectional study included 571 full-time workers of Kaunas city, Lithuania. The outcome of this study was assessment of perceived stress. Time spent sedentary per day, occupation and other individual characteristics were self-reported using questionnaires. Two main occupational groups were analysed: white-collar and blue-collar workers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the impact of sedentary behaviour on perceived stress among different occupational groups. The prevalence of high sedentary behaviour was 21.7 and 16.8 % among white-collar and blue-collar workers, respectively. Blue-collar workers had a higher risk of high perceived stress (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05–2.29) compared to white-collar workers; however, sedentary time did not have any impact on high perceived stress level. Meanwhile, white-collar male (OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.46–12.95) and white-collar female (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.23–8.65) workers who spend more than three hours per day sedentary had a greater risk of high levels of perceived stress. These findings indicate sedentary behaviour effect on perceived stress among two occupational groups—white-collar and blue-collar workers—and other important factors associated with perceived stress.

scholarly journals Differences in Cardiorespiratory Fitness between Chinese and Japanese Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Yang ◽  
Xiaojian Yin ◽  
Liu Ji ◽  
Ge Song ◽  
Huipan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Lms Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Chinese Girls

Background: This study aimed to compare the difference in cardiorespiratory fitness between Chinese and Japanese children and adolescents. Methods: Participants comprised 9025 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years from China and Japan. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was measured by performance in the 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) and estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Differences in CRF between countries were evaluated by t-tests. Centile curves for the 20mSRT and VO2max values were constructed for Chinese and Japanese children and adolescents, respectively, using the Lambda Mu and Sigma (LMS) method. Results: (1) For most of the age groups, the 20mSRT and VO2max performances among Chinese participants were lower than among Japanese participants. (2) Japanese children had the most apparent gains in P10, P50, and P90 VO2max values in primary school; however, they gradually decreased in middle school. For Chinese girls, the P10, P50, and P90 VO2max values decreased gradually with age. (3) The VO2max value among Japanese children increased; however, it decreased or remained flat among Chinese children in primary school. Conclusions: CRF among Chinese participants was lower than among Japanese participants while the VO2max value showed different trends in primary school. Effective measures should be taken to improve CRF among children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Workers’ physical activity data contribute to estimating maximal oxygen consumption: a questionnaire study to concurrently assess workers’ sedentary behavior and cardiorespiratory fitness

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Matsuo ◽  
Rina So ◽  
Masaya Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Abstract Background Sedentary behavior (SB) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are important issues in occupational health. Developing a questionnaire to concurrently assess workers’ SB and CRF could fundamentally improve epidemiological research. The Worker’s Living Activity-time Questionnaire (WLAQ) was developed previously to assess workers’ sitting time. WLAQ can be modified to evaluate workers’ CRF if additional physical activity (PA) data such as PA frequency, duration, and intensity are collected. Methods A total of 198 working adults (93 women and 105 men; age, 30–60 years) completed anthropometric measurements, a treadmill exercise test for measuring maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and modified WLAQ (m-WLAQ, which included questions about PA data additional to the original questions). Multiple regression analyses were performed to develop prediction equations for VO2max. The generated models were cross-validated using the predicted residual error sum of squares method. Among the participants, the data of 97 participants who completed m-WLAQ twice after a 1-week interval were used to calculate intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the test–retest reliability analyses. Results Age (r = − 0.29), sex (r = 0.48), body mass index (BMI, r = − 0.20), total sitting time (r = − 0.15), and PA score (total points for PA data, r = 0.47) were significantly correlated with VO2max. The models that included age, sex, and BMI accounted for 43% of the variance in measured VO2max [standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 5.04 ml·kg− 1·min− 1]. These percentages increased to 59% when the PA score was included in the models (SEE = 4.29 ml·kg− 1·min− 1). Cross-validation analyses demonstrated good stability of the VO2max prediction models, while systematic underestimation and overestimation of VO2max were observed in individuals with high and low fitness, respectively. The ICC of the PA score was 0.87 (0.82–0.91), indicating excellent reliability. Conclusions The PA score obtained using m-WLAQ, rather than sitting time, correlated well with measured VO2max. The equation model that included the PA score as well as age, sex, and BMI had a favorable validity for estimating VO2max. Thus, m-WLAQ can be a useful questionnaire to concurrently assess workers’ SB and CRF, which makes it a reasonable resource for future epidemiological surveys on occupational health.

scholarly journals Validation of FRIEND and ACSM Equations for Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Comparison to Direct Measurement in CAD Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1889
Author(s):  
Won Young Jang ◽  
Dong Oh Kang ◽  
Yoonjee Park ◽  
Jieun Lee ◽  
Woohyeun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
National Database ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery Disease

The regression equation of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) was a preferred method for estimating maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Recently, a more precise equation from the fitness registry and the importance of exercise national database (FRIEND) for healthy people was developed. This study compared VO2max estimated by the ACSM and FRIEND equations to VO2max directly measured in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Overall, 293 CAD patients who participated in cardiac rehabilitation between June 2015 and December 2018 were analyzed. Directly measured VO2max values were compared to the ACSM and FRIEND equations. The directly measured VO2max was significantly different from the estimated VO2max by ACSM equation (24.16 vs. 28.7 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001), which was overestimated by 20% in men and 16% in women. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the directly measured VO2max and the estimated VO2max by the FRIEND equation. (24.16 vs. 24.15 mL/kg/min, p = 0.986). In CAD patients, the estimated VO2max from the ACSM equation was significantly higher than the directly measured VO2max. In addition, estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by the FRIEND equation showed similar results with directly measured CRF. As a result, the FRIEND equation can predict CRF more accurately than the ACSM.

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