scholarly journals Differences in Cardiorespiratory Fitness between Chinese and Japanese Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Yang ◽  
Xiaojian Yin ◽  
Liu Ji ◽  
Ge Song ◽  
Huipan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Lms Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Chinese Girls

Background: This study aimed to compare the difference in cardiorespiratory fitness between Chinese and Japanese children and adolescents. Methods: Participants comprised 9025 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years from China and Japan. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was measured by performance in the 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) and estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Differences in CRF between countries were evaluated by t-tests. Centile curves for the 20mSRT and VO2max values were constructed for Chinese and Japanese children and adolescents, respectively, using the Lambda Mu and Sigma (LMS) method. Results: (1) For most of the age groups, the 20mSRT and VO2max performances among Chinese participants were lower than among Japanese participants. (2) Japanese children had the most apparent gains in P10, P50, and P90 VO2max values in primary school; however, they gradually decreased in middle school. For Chinese girls, the P10, P50, and P90 VO2max values decreased gradually with age. (3) The VO2max value among Japanese children increased; however, it decreased or remained flat among Chinese children in primary school. Conclusions: CRF among Chinese participants was lower than among Japanese participants while the VO2max value showed different trends in primary school. Effective measures should be taken to improve CRF among children and adolescents.

Study of the Total Serum Concentration of Serrum Ionized Magnesium in Children and Adolescents from Sibiu Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3389-3392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeta Antonescu ◽  
Gabriela Bota ◽  
Bogdan Serb ◽  
Diter Atasie ◽  
Cristina Dahm Tataru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
The Difference

Magnesium is an essential nutrient for the living organisms and plays an important part in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. It is an enzymatic cofactor for more than 300 reactions. Magnesium is essential for regulating blood pressure, muscle contraction, cardiac excitability, insulin metabolism, vasomotor tonus. Studying the way in which serum magnesium concentration varies in children and adolescents in the Sibiu area according to the reference intervals we especially set for this area. The study is a retrospective one, using approximately 4900 data from the archives of the Medical Analysis Laboratory within the Sibiu Pediatric Clinical Hospital. Serum magnesium was dosed using the Konelab Prime 30i analyser. The data from the literature was used to compare the results. The reference ranges obtained in the current study were similar to the literature studied. The percentage of patients with magnesium concentration outside the reference ranges was roughly equal for all age groups. The difference was between 1 month and 2 year-old children with very few deviations from the reference range. The results of our study reflect more accurately the real reference range for the population in the Sibiu area, helping clinicians to establish a diagnosis as quickly and accurate as possible. These results were not significantly different from the literature studied.

Cardiovascular Fitness and Body Composition of Youth with and without Mental Retardation

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Pitetti ◽  
Daniel A. Yarmer ◽  
Bo Fernhall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Run Test

The purpose of this study was to compare the aerobic fitness and body mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents (8-18 yr) with and without mild mental retardation (MR). Sample size of participants with MR but without Down syndrome was 169 males and 99 females. Sample size of participants without MR was 289 males and 317 females. Analysis was made by gender and age: children (8-10 yr); early adolescents (11-14 yr); and late adolescents (15-18 yr). The 20-m shuttle run test (20 MST) was used to assess field test performance and predicted aerobic fitness. For all age groups, females and males without MR ran significantly more laps and had a significantly higher predicted aerobic fitness (V̇O2peak: ml $$ kg-1 $$ min-1) than their peers with MR. Additionally, participants with MR tended to have higher BMI than their peers without MR. The results of this study indicate that children and adolescents with MR have lower exercise capacity, lower aerobic fitness, and higher BMIs than their peers without MR.

scholarly journals Review of criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness: what percentage of 1 142 026 international children and youth are apparently healthy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (15) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin J Lang ◽  
Mark S Tremblay ◽  
Francisco B Ortega ◽  
Jonatan R Ruiz ◽  
Grant R Tomkinson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Youth At Risk ◽  
Criterion Referenced ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Pseudo Data

PurposeTo identify criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); to estimate the percentage of children and youth that met each standard; and to discuss strategies to help improve the utility of criterion-referenced standards for population health research.MethodsA search of four databases was undertaken to identify papers that reported criterion-referenced CRF standards for children and youth generated using the receiver operating characteristic curve technique. A pseudo-dataset representing the 20-m shuttle run test performance of 1 142 026 children and youth aged 9–17 years from 50 countries was generated using Monte Carlo simulation. Pseudo-data were used to estimate the international percentage of children and youth that met published criterion-referenced standards for CRF.ResultsTen studies reported criterion-referenced standards for healthy CRF in children and youth. The mean percentage (±95% CI) of children and youth that met the standards varied substantially across age groups from 36%±13% to 95%±4% among girls, and from 51%±7% to 96%±16% among boys. There was an age gradient across all criterion-referenced standards where younger children were more likely to meet the standards compared with older children, regardless of sex. Within age groups, mean percentages were more precise (smaller CI) for younger girls and older boys.ConclusionThere are several CRF criterion-referenced standards for children and youth producing widely varying results. This study encourages using the interim international criterion-referenced standards of 35 and 42 mL/kg/min for girls and boys, respectively, to identify children and youth at risk of poor health—raising a clinical red flag.

scholarly journals The Cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents in Tibet at altitudes over 3,500 meters

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256258
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Fan ◽  
Ruizhe Sun ◽  
Mingjian Nie ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Zhi Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Fitness Evaluation ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Run Test

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is the core element of health-related physical fitness evaluation. High pressure and low oxygen in Tibet (over 3,500 m above sea level) may negatively impact the residents’ CRF. The 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT) is the most popular field-based assessment and estimate of CRF in children and adolescents worldwide. However, normative CRF data for the children and adolescents residing in China’s plateau region are unavailable, which prevents comparability among those living at high-altitudes around the world. Purpose To measure the CRF of Chinese children and adolescents aged 9–18 years living in Tibet at altitudes exceeding 3,500 m, and to identify correlations between this metric and demographic characteristics (age, sex, and ethnicity). These data were then compared with those generated in the lowland (Shanghai, China) and various global regions. Methods 20mSRT performance (number of completed laps) and predicted peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were used as indicators of CRF. We measured the CRF of 1,717 healthy children and adolescents aged 9–18 years living in Tibet. The CRF data from school-age subjects in Shanghai (2,437 boys and 2,396 girls) and worldwide (1,142,026 students from 50 countries/regions in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, and Oceania) were collated from published papers. Results The average CRF of the participants from Tibet was 39.8 mL/kg/min. The male subjects (n = 876; 41.1 ± 4.42 mL/kg/min) had a higher average CRF than their female counterparts (n = 841; 37.8 ± 5.40 mL/kg/min). CRF decreased with age in both sexes at statistical significance (F = 1249.9, p for trend 0.05). The indigenous Tibetans (n = 1289; 40.1 ± 3.71 mL/kg/min) had a significant higher average CRF than those of Han descent (n = 394; 38.9 ± 4.70 mL/kg/min) (p < 0.05). Conclusions Children and adolescents aged 7–18 years residing above 3,500 m in Tibet displayed lower CRF traits compared with their counterparts from the plains area and other high altitude places. CRF varied according to age, sex, and ethnic group. Given the importance of CRF in children and adolescents, effective intervention strategies should be implemented to improve CRF in children and adolescents on the plateau.

scholarly journals Estimation of Age-specific Reference Intervals for Skewed Data

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Loss Function ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Lms Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Weight

Summary Objectives: To compare Cole’s LMS method with Wright and Royston’s Exponential-Normal (EN) method for estimating reference intervals and generating smooth centile curves for the body mass index (weight in kg/height in meters squared) measurements of children aged 6 to 13 years. Methods: In the LMS method, the parameters L (the power needed to normalize the data), M (median) and S (coefficient of variation) are modeled as smoothed fits of maximum likelihood estimates. In the Exponential-Normal method, the three parameters mean, standard deviation and skewness are estimated separately using multiple regression techniques. Results: The centiles generated by the LMS and EN methods are close in most of the age groups. The 2.5th and 97.5th quantiles of the interval of the differences between the loss function scores of the LMS and EN methods calculated by bootstrap was found to include zero, indicating that the difference in loss function scores of the two methods is random and not systematic. Conclusions: The two methods are simple to use and generate comparable centile curves.

scholarly journals Neck circumference and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: the moderator role of cardiorespiratory fitness

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Sehn ◽  
Caroline Brand ◽  
Letícia Welser ◽  
Anelise Reis Gaya ◽  
Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Neck Circumference ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The increased incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors has become a public health issue, especially in childhood and adolescence. Thus, early identification is essential to avoid or reduce future complications in adulthood. In this sense, the present study aimed to verify the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a moderator in the association between neck circumference (NC) and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional study that included 2418 randomly selected children and adolescents (52.5% girls), aged 6 to 17 years old. Anthropometric measurements, such as NC and body mass index (BMI), and CRF was measured by the six-minute running/walking test, as well as cardiometabolic risk (systolic blood pressure, glucose, HDL-C, and triglycerides), were assessed. Results For all age groups, NC showed a negative relationship with CRF. A significant interaction term was found for CRF x NC with cardiometabolic risk for children (6 to 9 years old), early adolescents (10 to 12 years old), and middle adolescents (13 to 17 years old). It was found that children who accomplished more than 1092.49 m in CRF test were protected against cardiometabolic risk when considering NC. In adolescents, protection against cardiometabolic risk was found when the CRF test was completed above 1424.14 m and 1471.87 m (early and middle stage, respectively). Conclusions CRF is inversely associated with NC and acts as a moderator in the relationship between NC and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Therefore, this detrimental health impact linked to fatness might be attenuated by improving CRF levels.

scholarly journals Insulin secretion response during oral glucose tolerance test is related to low cardiorespiratory fitness in obese adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albane B.R. Maggio ◽  
Julie Wacker Bou Puigdefabregas ◽  
Valerie M. Schwitzgebel ◽  
Catherine Chamay-Weber ◽  
Maurice Beghetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe obesity paradox refers to a category of subjects who may be less prone to develop co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been identified as one of the key factors. We aimed at exploring the difference in insulin metabolism between fit and unfit obese adolescents.We recruited 22 obese adolescents and assessed CRF during an incremental treadmill test. According to a cut-off at 80% of predicted maximal oxygen consumption (VOCompared to adolescents with normal CRF, the ones with low CRF had higher insulin resistance indices (p=0.023) and insulin secretion response (p=0.010), independently of the body mass index z-score.Interventions in obese adolescents should focus on the maintenance or improvement of CRF to at least 80% of predicted VO

Age Differences in Eye Movements During Reading: Degenerative Problems or Compensatory Strategy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
José David Moreno ◽  
José A. León ◽  
Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽  
Juan Botella
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.

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