scholarly journals Other Statistical Lives

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10369
Author(s):  
Max A. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Risk Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Violence Prevention Programs ◽  
Statistical Risk

While recent scholarship has considered how algorithmic risk assessment is both shaped by and impacts social inequity, public health has not adequately considered the ways that statistical risk functions in the social world. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data collected in interpersonal violence prevention programs, this manuscript theorizes three “other lives” of statistically produced risk factors: the past lives of risk factors as quantifiable lived experience, the professional lives of risk as a practical vocabulary shaping social interactions, and the missing lives of risk as a meaningful social category for those marked as at risk. The manuscript considers how understanding these other lives of statistical risk can help public health scholars better understand barriers to social equity.

Social Trust and Reciprocity Among Adolescent Girls Exposed to Interpersonal Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988152
Author(s):  
Kyrie Sellnow ◽  
Karyn Esbensen ◽  
Josh M. Cisler
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trust And Reciprocity ◽  
And Control

Trauma research has traditionally focused on altered emotion regulation and its role in psychopathology, whereas mechanisms of social behavior remain comparatively unexplored, particularly among adolescents. It has been previously reported that adolescents with histories of interpersonal violence (IV) demonstrate disrupted social learning, and the degree to which they are impaired during social interactions requiring trustful behaviors may be associated with their levels of anxiety. In the present study, 52 adolescent females ( n = 26 control; n = 26 IV-exposed) between ages of 11 and 17 completed a multi-round adaptation of the Trust Game in which they interacted with a confederate peer run by a computer program, alternating between the roles of investor and investee. The task was designed to operationalize the social behaviors of trust and trust reciprocity, where the magnitude of the participants’ monetary investment in the confederate during the investor role represented trust while the proportion of investment returned to the confederate in the investee role represented trust reciprocity. IV-exposed and control participants did not differ in trust (i.e., as investors); however, IV-exposed participants without anxiety diagnoses demonstrated lower trust than those with anxiety diagnoses. For trust reciprocity (i.e., as investees), there were again no differences between IV-exposed participants and controls; however, IV-exposed participants with anxiety diagnoses had increased trust reciprocity compared with both other groups. Similarly, caregiver-reported anxiety symptoms were associated with trust reciprocity behaviors among the IV-exposed adolescents. Findings suggest that IV exposure and associated anxiety impacts adolescents’ trust behaviors, demonstrating potential mechanisms for maladaptive social behavior among trauma-exposed youth.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Mark Davis ◽  
Davina Lohm
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Health ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Narrative Theory ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
Empirical Material

This chapter sets the scene for the book by introducing the significance of narrative and its mediations for the experience of a global public health emergency. It provides some necessary detail on the swine flu pandemic of 2009 to help the reader situate the empirical material to come in following chapters. The chapter also introduces “Cameron’s infection story” to explain how we use narrative in this book and make links with narrative theory in the social sciences. Cameron’s story also helps to locate the book in the lived experience of everyday people in 2009 and foregrounds the focus of this book on the stories of individuals affected in different ways by the pandemic.

Interpersonal Gun Violence Research in the Social Work Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Roberto R Aspholm ◽  
Christopher St Vil ◽  
Kimberly A E Carter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Analytic Treatment ◽  
The Social

Abstract Interpersonal gun violence remains a major public health issue in the United States and beyond. This article explores the research on interpersonal gun violence published in peer-reviewed social work journals since the mid-1990s. Findings from this review indicate that the existing scholarship offers some important insights into this topic, particularly related to risk factors for and the effects of exposure to gun violence. These findings, however, also point to some shortcomings in the literature, including problems with the measurement and analytic treatment of exposure to gun violence and a lack of research with direct victims and perpetrators of gun violence. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on social relationships and health

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2021-216690
Author(s):  
Emily Long ◽  
Susan Patterson ◽  
Karen Maxwell ◽  
Carolyn Blake ◽  
Raquel Bosó Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Response ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Key Aspects

This essay examines key aspects of social relationships that were disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses explicitly on relational mechanisms of health and brings together theory and emerging evidence on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic to make recommendations for future public health policy and recovery. We first provide an overview of the pandemic in the UK context, outlining the nature of the public health response. We then introduce four distinct domains of social relationships: social networks, social support, social interaction and intimacy, highlighting the mechanisms through which the pandemic and associated public health response drastically altered social interactions in each domain. Throughout the essay, the lens of health inequalities, and perspective of relationships as interconnecting elements in a broader system, is used to explore the varying impact of these disruptions. The essay concludes by providing recommendations for longer term recovery ensuring that the social relational cost of COVID-19 is adequately considered in efforts to rebuild.

scholarly journals The Concept of the Risk Environment and Risk Factors in the Social-Epidemiological Studies of Public Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Bojan Žikić
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Hiv Aids

Rhodes’ concept of the risk environment became the dominant heuristic tool in the social epidemiological studies of issues connected to HIV/AIDS and HCV in the decade after the publication of the first theoretical paper (2002) on the concept. Even though the concept of risk environment has been widely utilized in a number of papers on the issue, it has not been theoretically expanded on – there has been no clearer highlighting of risk factors – a key part of the concept – not has it been expanded in order to be applicable to a wider range of public health topics, with an accent on vulnerability, marginality and marginalization, which is the topic and aim of this paper.

scholarly journals The Domestic Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 660-667
Author(s):  
Luluk Rosida ◽  
Intan Mutiara Putri ◽  
Komarudin Komarudin ◽  
Nurbita Fajarini ◽  
Endang Koni Suryaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Social ◽  
Review Study

Introduction The Covid-19 pandemic had brought unexpected challenges in all sectors of life, from the social, economic to health sectors, particularly public health. One of the most worrying effects of Covid-19 is the increase in cases of domestic violence. Aim : This scoping review was to determine trends in domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic and strategies for handling it   Method The method used in this paper is the Scoping Review study. We searched for relevant articles on 4 databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and EBSco), in English, published in 2019-2021. Of the 434 articles identified, there were 6 articles that met the inclusion criteria.   Result There were 6 themes we got related to domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely: 1) The number of cases of domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic; 2) Risk factors for domestic violence; 3) Victims and perpetrators of domestic violence; 4) Types of domestic violence; 5) Impact of domestic violence; 6) Strategies for handling domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic.   Conclusion The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on domestic violence cases, where the majority of victims were women and most of whom experienced recurrent domestic violence. The majority of the articles in this scoping review were quantitative research, we recommend that future research can be examined deeper into the understanding, experiences and needs of victims and perpetrators of domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic including the roles of cross-sectors and obstacles experienced in handling domestic violence in the future. the covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study are expected to provide input in making policies related to the prevention and reduction of domestic violence cases during the Covid-19 pandemic.  

scholarly journals Physical Distancing and Social Connectedness Among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
Julie Lutz ◽  
Emily Bower ◽  
Ellen Beckwith ◽  
Julie Choi ◽  
Kim Van Orden
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
The Social

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted older adults; due to elevated risk, many older adults have followed physical distancing guidelines. These efforts, while critical to public health, have also impacted the social interactions and connectedness of older adults. In this mixed-methods study, we conducted qualitative interviews and administered questionnaires to 23 adults age 60 and older to examine how physical distancing has affected their social connectedness; what strategies and supports they have utilized to maintain or improve social connectedness despite physical distancing; and what types of supports, programs, and interventions they feel could promote and foster social connectedness among older adults during physical distancing. The results may have implications not only for the pandemic, but also for older adults who cannot leave their homes or experience barriers to typical social activities for any reason (e.g., being homebound, having functional impairments).

scholarly journals PARTICIPATION AND SOCIAL CONNECTIONS IN A RECREATIONAL SENIOR SOFTBALL LEAGUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S535-S536
Author(s):  
Dawn S Tarabochia
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Opportunities ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Analyze Data

Abstract Senior only communities have long been an option for adults over a certain age. A variety of activities and clubs are often available to residents of these communities. The purpose of this research project was to understand the lived experience of recreational softball players regarding players decision to play senior softball and to determine what social opportunities were associated with recreational senior softball leagues. A phenomenological research study was constructed to seek further inquiry into two research questions associated with this project. Participants were members of a senior living community and members of a recreational senior softball league. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were utilized, and 25 interviews were conducted. The interview transcripts were analyzed for phenomenological themes by the research team. The researchers used Van Manen’s (1990) hermeneutical approach to analyze data. Trustworthiness was established by the use of a peer reviewer to assess the themes for accuracy. Themes associated with the first research question indicate that interviewees participated in softball for a variety of reasons, including having played softball as a younger adult, wanting to maintain a level of physical fitness, and for the social connections that participation in a softball league provided. Themes associated with the second research question found that participants enjoyed many social benefits from playing softball, including informal and formal social opportunities. In conclusion, the willingness and opportunity to play senior softball provided older adults the ability to maintain a certain level of physical activity and to engage in meaningful social interactions.

scholarly journals Preventing Interpersonal Violence in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Sethi ◽  
Dimitrinka Jordanova Peshevska
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Meta Analyses

AIM: To describe the burden of interpersonal violence, risk factors and discuss the need for evidence based action to reduce the public health threat of interpersonal violence.METHODS: Global Health Estimates data were used to describe the mortality and meta-analyses from previous reports were used to describe the prevalence of the different types of interpersonal violence and to discuss the options for evidence informed prevention programmes. RESULTS: In the 53 countries of the WHO European Region, violence kills about 160,000 people each year, and of these around 31,000 die from interpersonal violence, 123,000 from self-inflicted violence and 2,000 from war. Deaths are just the tip of the iceberg and for every death there are numerous admissions to hospital and emergency departments. Interpersonal violence is thought to be one of the most frequently experienced yet commonly overlooked forms of violence. Based upon data from meta-analyses of population surveys in Europe: the prevalence in children under 18 years of sexual abuse is 9.6% (13.4% in girls and 5.7% in boys); physical abuse is 22.9% and 29.1% for emotional abuse; the prevalence of intimate partner violence (physical and or sexual violence) is 19.3% in high-income countries and 25.6% in low- and middle-income countries, suggesting that about 49 million women aged 14-49 years have been abused. Surveys of older people over 60 years, suggest that the past year prevalence of physical abuse is 2.7%, sexual abuse 0.7%, emotional abuse 19.% and financial abuse 3.8%, suggesting the numbers experiencing elder maltreatment in Europe run into the tens of millionsCONCLUSION: Community surveys can play an important role to better understand the scale and risk factors of different types of interpersonal violence. Readers are called upon to support a coordinated public health response to prevent this societal and health threat.

scholarly journals Stressful Social Interactions Experienced by Adults With Mild Intellectual Disability

2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigan L. Hartley ◽  
William E. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Interpersonal Skill ◽  
Mild Intellectual Disability ◽  
High Severity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners

Abstract Adults with intellectual disability are vulnerable to stressful social interactions. We determined frequency and severity of various stressful social interactions, identified the social partners in these interactions, and examined the specific interpersonal skill difficulties of 114 adults with mild intellectual disability. Participants' characteristic risk factors for stressful social interactions were also identified. Minor and unintentional negative actions of others had high frequency but low severity of stress. Serious and intentional negative actions of others had a low frequency but high severity of stress. Stressful social interactions with other people who have intellectual disability occurred frequently and had a high severity. Difficulty controlling aggression predicted stressful social interactions. Findings are beneficial to developers of interventions to decrease stressful social interactions.

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