scholarly journals Associations between Socio-Economic Status and Unfavorable Social Indicators of Child Wellbeing; a Neighbourhood Level Data Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12661
Author(s):  
Minke R. C. van Minde ◽  
Marlou L. A. de Kroon ◽  
Meertien K. Sijpkens ◽  
Hein Raat ◽  
Eric A. P. Steegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Cubic Splines ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Child Wellbeing ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Health Differences

Background: Living in deprivation is related to ill health. Differences in health outcomes between neighbourhoods may be attributed to neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES). Additional to differences in health, neighbourhood differences in child wellbeing could also be attributed to neighbourhood SES. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between neighbourhood deprivation, and social indicators of child wellbeing. Methods: Aggregated data from 3565 neighbourhoods in 390 municipalities in the Netherlands were eligible for analysis. Neighbourhood SES scores and neighbourhood data on social indicators of child wellbeing were used to perform repeated measurements, with one year measurement intervals, over a period of 11 years. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the associations between SES score and the proportion of unfavorable social indicators of child wellbeing. Results: After adjustment for year, population size, and clustering within neighbourhoods and within a municipality, neighbourhood SES was inversely associated with the proportion of ‘children living in families on welfare’ (estimates with two cubic splines: −3.59 [CI: −3.99; −3.19], and −3.00 [CI: −3.33; −2.67]), ‘delinquent youth’ (estimate −0.26 [CI: −0.30; −0.23]) and ‘unemployed youth’ (estimates with four cubic splines: −0.41 [CI: −0.57; −0.25], −0.58 [CI: −0.73; −0.43], −1.35 [−1.70; −1.01], and −0.96 [1.24; −0.70]). Conclusions: In this study using repeated measurements, a lower neighbourhood SES was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of unfavorable social indicators of child wellbeing. This contributes to the body of evidence that neighbourhood SES is strongly related to child health and a child’s ability to reach its full potential in later life. Future studies should consist of larger longitudinal datasets, potentially across countries, and should attempt to take the interpersonal variation into account with more individual-level data on SES and outcomes.

Inequalities in the Regional Distribution of Private Psychiatric Services Provided under Medicare

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Jorm ◽  
Stephen J. Rosenman ◽  
Patricia A. Jacomb
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Medicare Data ◽  
Consultant Physician ◽  
Using Data

An analysis was carried out on Medicare data to find out if there are inequalities in the geographical distribution of private psychiatric services in Australia. The number of psychiatric services and persons becoming patients per 100,000 population was calculated for each federal electorate for the year 1985/86 and related to social indicators derived from the 1986 census. As a comparison, services provided by consultant physicians were analyzed as well. The data were based on the electorate of the patient rather than the electorate of the practitioner. Consultant psychiatrist services were found to be received more often in high socio-economic status electorates and those with older populations, and less often in rural areas. A similar pattern was found for consultant physician services, although the relationship with socio-economic status was not as strong. Frequent psychiatric consultations of longer duration, which are an indicator of insight psychotherapy, were more common in higher socioeconomic status electorates. A limitation of the Medicare data is that they cover only private services. To overcome this limitation, a supplementary analysis was carried out on the distribution of consultations for mental disorders using data from the National Health Survey. These data confirmed that individuals of high socio-economic status with a mental disorder are more likely to receive specialist treatment.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Socio-Economic Status of Households in Southern Punjab

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-331
Author(s):  
Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Fatima Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Household Head ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Physical Assets ◽  
The Government

The Households having low socio-economic status possess less resource in term of wealth and income to resist against any kind of external shocks. Apart from heath shocks (physical and mental disabilities) there are numerous other factors that force them to follow subsistence life style having low per capita income. A primary level data has been collected to examine the socio economic status of households in Southern Punjab for the year 2019.The findings show that household size, occupation, dependency ratio, mental disability and physical disability are negatively affecting economic development across the region. However, age, education of the household head, own house, spouse ‘s participation, remittances, number of earners in the household and value of physical assets are increasing economic development in Southern Punjab. Developing strategies, adequate planning and their timely implementation is very crucial for the government to pursue the process of economic growth and development of the poor countries like Pakistan.

scholarly journals The lack of an association between Body Image Satisfaction and Self-Esteem in high school students in Eastern Croatia: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvonimir Bosnic ◽  
Maja Miletic ◽  
Nikola Volaric ◽  
Dubravka Holik ◽  
Mile Volaric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
Body Image Satisfaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction

Abstract Introduction: The research objectives are to examine the degree of satisfaction of students in two high schools in Eastern Croatia, regarding their physical appearance and self-esteem based on their gender and type of school - Grammar school or Vocational school. Furthermore, it aims to determine the correlation between degree of satisfaction regarding physical appearance and self-esteem and examines the differences in socio-economic status among the students of the two schools.Methods: The study is designed as a cross-sectional research performed in the Secondary Health and Veterinary School and Grammar School in Vinkovci. The study includes 278 participants. The data were collected in three ways. First, by using a survey on socio-economic status of the participants. Second, a modified test consisting of fourteen questions was used to examine the level of body image satisfaction. Third, a test consisting of ten questions was used to examine the level of self-esteem.Results: Median age of participants is 18 years. The research established a linear correlation between the body image satisfaction and gender of the students in both schools. An association between level of body image satisfaction and self-esteem was not established.Conclusion: To conclude with, adolescents in this region of Croatia are not overly concerned about their physical appearance despite relatively decreased self-esteem. A lack of association between reduced self-esteem and self-assessment of appearance may also be a consequence of later sexual maturation and tradional development which promote the traditional values of family, youth life and marriage

Role of Avarana in the etiopathogeneis of Urustambha

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Akhil Sharma ◽  
Dr. A. S. Prashanth ◽  
Dr. S. G. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Socio Economic Status

All the functions of the body are controlled by three fundamental factors called Tridosha. As per Ayurveda, these are considered as ‘the pillars of the body’. Dosha’s in the state of equilibrium perform the normal functions of the body but when they get vitiated, they cause diseases. Urustambha is a lifestyle disorder and it is commonly seen in the higher socio-economic status. Sushrutha Acharya named this disease as Adhyavata. Urustambha is a grave condition, in which the patient’s thighs become painful, numb and immobile. In this disease, deranged Vata due to intake of Apathya Ahara Vihara sub-charged with the Meda and Kapha settle down into the lower limbs which gives rise to painful and immobile condition of the lower limbs.

scholarly journals The Lasting Impact of Grandfathers: Class, Occupational Status, and Earnings over Three Generations in Sweden 1815–2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dribe ◽  
Jonas Helgertz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Mobility ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Fathers And Sons ◽  
Over Time

This article examines socioeconomic mobility across three generations in Sweden from 1815 and until 2011. Using longitudinal micro-level data from the Scanian Economic-Demographic Database (SEDD), we examine the transmission of socio-economic status along three different dimensions; social class (HISCLASS), occupational status (HISCAM), and earnings. We demonstrate an association between grandfathers' class or occupational status and the outcome of grandsons, when controlling for the association between fathers and sons. The associations remain stable over time and are stronger for paternal grandfathers than for maternal. For earnings, we find no grandparental association.

scholarly journals Compensation and Socio-Economic Status of Borrowers in Foreclosure: Evidence from Swedish Micro-data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lundholm
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Debt Relief ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Micro Level

AbstractProper compensation during foreclosure is essential to any effort to protect borrowers as consumers. However, the effectiveness of consumer protection and other safety nets during foreclosure has been debated within academia. This study contributes to this debate by exploring socio-economic group differences related to the compensatory potential of foreclosure proceedings. It employs micro-level data on foreclosure auctions in Sweden from 2000 to 2014. The results indicate that there is a correlation between high socio-economic status and a greater potential for compensation and that this is likely not explained by appraiser bias. This article discusses these empirical findings in terms of the need for strict consumer protection regulation and other safety nets, such as alternative mortgage products or debt relief, to ensure that there is a potential for compensation for all borrowers in foreclosure, regardless of socio-economic status.

scholarly journals Spatial Relationships Between Socio-Economic Status And Sources of Hazardous Air Pollution in the City of Toronto, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bradford Shock
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Industrial Air Pollution ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Dissemination Area ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
The City

This research paper identifies and characterizes areas in the City of Toronto that may be impacted by facilities that emit air pollutants. The impacted areas were isolated using a combination of K-Means cluster analysis and kernel density estimation to determine whether disparity in socio-economic status can be correlated with the location of these facilities. Dissemination Area (DA) level data from the 2006 Canadian Census were evaluated against pollution data provided by Environment Canada’s 2006 National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) database. A total of 67 socio-economic variables from the 2006 Statistics Canada census were analysed. The City of Toronto’s 3,577 DAs were assigned to one of two cluster groups: Underprivileged Areas, or Areas of Affluence. The DAs represented by the two cluster groups were then analyzed alongside the NPRI pollution data, which had been developed into generalized concentration ranges using a 5km search radius. Although the Areas of Affluence cluster contains 15% more facilities (141) than the Underprivileged Areas (104), the latter are generally impacted by higher concentrations of a more diverse range of pollution. For example, a larger percent of Toronto residents living in Underprivileged Areas are exposed to the highest concentrations of total emissions, heavy metals, miscellaneous compounds, and non-carcinogenic emissions when compared to the population of DAs designated as Areas of Affluence. Conversely, a larger percent of residents living in Areas of Affluence are generally exposed to the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds and carcinogenic emissions. The findings suggest an environmental justice concern, with respect to industrial air pollution within the City of Toronto.

scholarly journals Newborn low birth weight: do socio-economic inequality still persist in India?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Shankar Mishra ◽  
Debashree Sinha ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
Rahul Bawankule
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Related Inequality ◽  
Natal Care

Abstract Background The incidence of preterm birth and subsequent low birth weight (LBW) are vital global public health issues. It contributes to high infant and child mortality in the early stages of life and later on in adult life; it increases the risk for non-communicable diseases. The study aims to understand the socio-economic status-related inequality for LBW among children in India. It hypothesises that there is no association between the socio-economic status of the household and the newborn’s LBW in India. Methods The study utilised data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey, a national representative cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015-16 (N = 127,141). The concentration index (CCI) and the concentration curve (CC) measured socio-economic inequality in low birth status among newborns. Wagstaff decomposition further analysed key contributors in CCI by segregating significant covariates. Results About 18.2% of children had low birth weight status. The value of concentration was − 0.05 representing that low birth weight status is concentrated among children from lower socio-economic status. Further, the wealth quintile explained 76.6% of the SES related inequality followed by regions of India (− 44%) and the educational status of mothers (43.4%) for LBW among children in India. Additionally, the body mass index of the women (28.4%), ante-natal care (20.8%) and residential status (− 15.7%) explained SES related inequality for LBW among children in India. Conclusion Adequate attention should be given to the mother’s nutritional status. Awareness of education and usage of health services during pregnancy should be promoted. Further, there is a need to improve the coverage and awareness of the ante-natal care (ANC) program. In such cases, the role of the health workers is of utmost importance. Programs on maternal health services can be merged with maternal nutrition to bring about an overall decline in the LBW of children in India.

scholarly journals The health of the residents of Ireland: Population norms for Ireland based on the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system – a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hobbins ◽  
Luke Barry ◽  
Dan Kelleher ◽  
Ciaran O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
System A ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Descriptive System ◽  
Reported Health

Background: The EQ-5D descriptive system has become a widely used generic instrument to measure population health. In this study we use the EQ-5D-5L system to describe the health of residents in Ireland in 2015/16 and examine relationships between health and a range of socio-demographic characteristics.     Methods: A representative sample of residents in Ireland was established in a two-stage random sampling exercise in 2015/16. Self-reported health, together with a range of socio-demographic characteristics, were collected using a computer-assisted-personal-interview survey. Self-reported health was captured using the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system including a visual analogue scale. Data were presented as descriptive statistics and analysed using a general linear regression model and ordered logistic regression models in the case of specific health domains. Socio-economic gradients in health were also examined using concentration curves and indices. Results: A usable sample of 1,131 individuals provided responses to all questions in the survey. The population in general reported good health across the five domains with roughly 78%, 94%, 81%, 60% and 78% reporting no problems with mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression respectively. Differences in health with respect to age, and socio-economic status were evident; those who were older, less well-educated of lower income and without private health insurance reported poorer health. Differences in health between groups differentiated by socio-economic status varied across domains of health, and were dependent on the measure of socio-economic status used.   Conclusion: Residents of Ireland appear to rate their health as relatively good across the various domains captured by the EQ-5D-5L system. A pro-affluent gradient in self-reported health is evident though the sharpness of that gradient varies between domains of health and the measures of socio-economic status used. The study provides baseline data against which the health of the population can be measured in the future as demography and economic conditions change.

A Framework for Navigating Post-Doctoral Career Opportunities for PK-12 Educators Post-COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 281-300
Author(s):  
Valerie Luckey Nelson ◽  
Noran L. Moffett ◽  
Linda Wilson-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

The field of education is constantly changing, and with the current COVID-19 pandemic, it will undoubtedly change the way education systems operate in the future. This chapter covers several key topics related to navigating post-doctoral career opportunities for PK-12 educators. Educators are in a unique position to contribute to research in the field in which they have a plethora of experiences. With a major focus on student outcomes, there is a critical need to understand factors that directly impact learning such as parent involvement, socio-economic status, technology, and student behavior. Using an ethnographic approach, the authors provide insight into challenges post-doctoral professionals may face in attempts to enhance their professional identity. These narrative accounts shed light on not only the role of mentors but the desire to contribute to the body of research through the development of research agendas.

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