scholarly journals Newborn low birth weight: do socio-economic inequality still persist in India?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Shankar Mishra ◽  
Debashree Sinha ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
Rahul Bawankule
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Related Inequality ◽  
Natal Care

Abstract Background The incidence of preterm birth and subsequent low birth weight (LBW) are vital global public health issues. It contributes to high infant and child mortality in the early stages of life and later on in adult life; it increases the risk for non-communicable diseases. The study aims to understand the socio-economic status-related inequality for LBW among children in India. It hypothesises that there is no association between the socio-economic status of the household and the newborn’s LBW in India. Methods The study utilised data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey, a national representative cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015-16 (N = 127,141). The concentration index (CCI) and the concentration curve (CC) measured socio-economic inequality in low birth status among newborns. Wagstaff decomposition further analysed key contributors in CCI by segregating significant covariates. Results About 18.2% of children had low birth weight status. The value of concentration was − 0.05 representing that low birth weight status is concentrated among children from lower socio-economic status. Further, the wealth quintile explained 76.6% of the SES related inequality followed by regions of India (− 44%) and the educational status of mothers (43.4%) for LBW among children in India. Additionally, the body mass index of the women (28.4%), ante-natal care (20.8%) and residential status (− 15.7%) explained SES related inequality for LBW among children in India. Conclusion Adequate attention should be given to the mother’s nutritional status. Awareness of education and usage of health services during pregnancy should be promoted. Further, there is a need to improve the coverage and awareness of the ante-natal care (ANC) program. In such cases, the role of the health workers is of utmost importance. Programs on maternal health services can be merged with maternal nutrition to bring about an overall decline in the LBW of children in India.

scholarly journals The Profile of Reproductive Age Women Causes of Low Birth Weight (LBW) Baby Incidence in South East Asia 2005-2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Laras Sitoayu ◽  
Nanda Aula Rumana
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age

Low birth weight (LBW) accounts for the highest percentage of causes of neonatal death. The purpose of this study was to identify family profiles that influence the incidence of LBW throughout Southeast Asia. The sample in this study were women aged 19-29 years. The data used were secondary data published by Measure Demografic Health Survey (DHS) in 2005-2014. Women's profiles identified included maternal factors (area of residence, education, age, economic status, marital status, parity, location of delivery), health service factors (iron consumption, pregnancy visit / ANC). The results showed that the incidence of LBW occurs a lot with the profile of respondents who have rural areas, even though they have high economic status. Most respondents who gave birth to LBW had secondary and low education, with unmarried marital status and low partner education. In addition, there were still many respondents who were not obedient to antenatal visits and consume less iron. However, some had given birth at local health services, although there were still respondents who had a lot of parity. Researchers  suggest  that women, especially women of  childbearing age, want to pay attention to the risk factors for the incidence of LBW, including consumption of iron and delivery in health services so that the incidence of LBW can be suppressed.  Keyword: family profile, Southeast Asia, LBW, women of childbearing age

scholarly journals Association between maternal socio-demographic factors and low birth weight newborn in a rural area of Bihar, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Shahnawaz ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Choudhary ◽  
Gautam Sarker ◽  
Palash Das ◽  
Ranabir Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Group V ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

Low birth weight (LBW) is an important cause of perinatal, neonatal and post-natal morbidity and mortality. In developing countries, LBW of newborns is mainly due to the poor socio-economic and environmental conditions of the mother. The aim of the study was to identify and quantify the effects of age, religion, socio-economic status and occupation of mothers, in order to examine which factors were primarily responsible for LBW of babies. In this study, all singleton newborn having a weight of <2.5kg was included as a case and a weight of ?2.5kg was included as a control. The relation of birth-weight to few maternal factors such as age, socio-economic status, religion and occupation were studied. A total of 120 cases and 240 controls were selected. After selection of each case as defined, the next available two newborns that had fulfilled the criteria for controls given above were selected and included in the control group. This ensured a case:control ratio of 1:2. Our Study showed that the greatest number of mothers having LBW newborns were in the age group of 21 to 25 years (50% and 45.1% in both the cases and control groups respectively), belonged to socio-economic group V (42.5% and 40% in both groups respectively) and were Hindus (96.7% and 89.6% in both groups respectively). It was found that 70% of LBW babies were born to mothers who belonged to the labor class by occupation. This study concluded with the findings that maternal factors like age, socio-economic status, religion and occupation of the mothers were related to LBW of the newborns. Avoiding teenage pregnancies, improving the socio-economic status (SES) of people and providing better workingDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v4i1.21836 South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(1) 2014: 30-34

scholarly journals STATUS GIZI AWAL KEHAMILAN DAN PERTAMBAHAN BERAT BADAN IBU HAMIL KAITANNYA DENGAN BBLR

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Yongky Yongky ◽  
Hardinsyah Hardinsyah ◽  
Gulardi Gulardi ◽  
Marhamah Marhamah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Socio Economic Status

<p class="MsoTitle" style="margin: 0cm 13pt 6pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.8pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-id" xml:lang="en-id">The objectives of this research were to analyze nutritional status of pregnant women in Jakarta Timur and Bekasi and the accretion of body weight and its relationship with low birth weight. As many as 638 pregnant women had been followed since first examination until delivery. At the first trimester, most of pregnant women (53.8%) were categorized as normal nutritional status (BMI 19.8-26); underweight (BMI &lt;19.8) 40%; and overweight (BMI <span style="text-decoration: underline;">&gt;</span> 26.01) 6.2%. The accretion of pregnant women body weight was relatively higher in high socio-economic status rather than low socio-economic status. The prevalence of low birth weight was higher among mothers from low socio-economic status. It is important for pregnant women to pay attention on her nutritional status in the early pregnancy and the accretion of body weight.</span></p>

scholarly journals Determinants of the prevalence and incidence of overweight in children and adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1870-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Plachta-Danielzik ◽  
Beate Landsberg ◽  
Maike Johannsen ◽  
Dominique Lange ◽  
Manfred James Müller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Overweight Prevalence

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically analyse determinants of overweight prevalence and incidence in children and adolescents, as a basis of treatment and prevention.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal data of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS).SettingSchools in Kiel, Germany.SubjectsCross-sectional data from 6249 students aged 5–16 years and 4-year longitudinal data from 1087 children aged 5–11 years. Weight status of students was assessed and familial factors (weight status of parents and siblings, smoking habits), social factors (socio-economic status, nationality, single parenting), birth weight as well as lifestyle variables (physical activity, media time, nutrition) were considered as independent variables in multivariate logistic regression analyses to predict the likelihood of the student being overweight.ResultsThe cross-sectional data revealed the prevalence of overweight as 18·3 % in boys and 19·2 % in girls. In both sexes determinants of overweight prevalence were overweight and obese parents, overweight siblings, parental smoking, single parenthood and non-German nationality. High birth weight and low physical activity additionally increased the risk in boys. High media time and low parental education were significant determinants in girls. Effect of media time was mediated by maternal weight status in boys as well as by socio-economic status and age in girls. From the longitudinal data, the 4-year cumulative incidence of overweight was 10·0 % in boys and 8·2 % in girls. Parental obesity, parental smoking and low physical activity were determinants of overweight incidence in boys, whereas paternal obesity increased the risk in girls.ConclusionsTreatment and prevention should address family and social determinants with a focus on physical activity and media use.

Pajanan Pestisida Sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Amanda Luky Ernawati ◽  
Tri Joko ◽  
Suhartono
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Female Farmers

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the causes of infants death. One of the factors that is proven to be associated with  LBW incidence is pesticide exposure to pregnant women. The high number of female farmers in the agricultural sector will increase the risk of pesticide exposure in pregnant women. Objectives: This study aims to describe how pesticide exposure can be a risk factor for the incidence of LBW. Research method: This study is a systematic study that used meta-synthesis aggregation approach. The search for articles focused on articles that examined the risk factors for pesticide exposure on the incidence of LBW in pregnant women which was conducted on the online databases of Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Springer, Google Scholar, and Garuda Portal. The criteria for the articles used were national observational journals indexed at least 4 and indexed international journals published in 2010-2020. Result: There were 8 articles that match to the criteria and research topic. Factors that were proven to increase the risk of LBW incidence in pregnant women were agricultural activities related to pesticide, participation in agricultural activities, completeness of PPE, storage of pesticide, duration of exposure to pesticide, frequency of exposure to pesticide, amount of pesticide mixture, and types of pesticide used. Conclusion: Pesticide exposure to pregnant women causes the accumulation of pesticide residues in the body, thus reducing the formation of thyroid hormones and IGF-1 which can cause LBW.   Keywords: low birth weight; pesticide exposure; pregnant women

scholarly journals Associations between Socio-Economic Status and Unfavorable Social Indicators of Child Wellbeing; a Neighbourhood Level Data Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12661
Author(s):  
Minke R. C. van Minde ◽  
Marlou L. A. de Kroon ◽  
Meertien K. Sijpkens ◽  
Hein Raat ◽  
Eric A. P. Steegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Cubic Splines ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Child Wellbeing ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Health Differences

Background: Living in deprivation is related to ill health. Differences in health outcomes between neighbourhoods may be attributed to neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES). Additional to differences in health, neighbourhood differences in child wellbeing could also be attributed to neighbourhood SES. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between neighbourhood deprivation, and social indicators of child wellbeing. Methods: Aggregated data from 3565 neighbourhoods in 390 municipalities in the Netherlands were eligible for analysis. Neighbourhood SES scores and neighbourhood data on social indicators of child wellbeing were used to perform repeated measurements, with one year measurement intervals, over a period of 11 years. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the associations between SES score and the proportion of unfavorable social indicators of child wellbeing. Results: After adjustment for year, population size, and clustering within neighbourhoods and within a municipality, neighbourhood SES was inversely associated with the proportion of ‘children living in families on welfare’ (estimates with two cubic splines: −3.59 [CI: −3.99; −3.19], and −3.00 [CI: −3.33; −2.67]), ‘delinquent youth’ (estimate −0.26 [CI: −0.30; −0.23]) and ‘unemployed youth’ (estimates with four cubic splines: −0.41 [CI: −0.57; −0.25], −0.58 [CI: −0.73; −0.43], −1.35 [−1.70; −1.01], and −0.96 [1.24; −0.70]). Conclusions: In this study using repeated measurements, a lower neighbourhood SES was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of unfavorable social indicators of child wellbeing. This contributes to the body of evidence that neighbourhood SES is strongly related to child health and a child’s ability to reach its full potential in later life. Future studies should consist of larger longitudinal datasets, potentially across countries, and should attempt to take the interpersonal variation into account with more individual-level data on SES and outcomes.

scholarly journals Effects of ligature-induced periodontitis in pregnant Wistar rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Ponzio de Azevedo Galvão ◽  
Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing ◽  
Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Male Adult

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ligature-induced periodontal disease in pregnant rats on their newborn's health parameters. Twenty-four female adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the control group (G1) and the group that was submitted to dental ligatures around second upper molars (G2). After the four week period of development of periodontitis, the female animals were mated with male adult Wistar rats. There were no differences in the body weight of females between the two groups during mating and pregnancy. No differences were observed among the groups in relation to the viable newborn index. However, there were differences in newborn birth weight, explained by the diverse size of the litters. In this study, ligature-induced periodontal disease did not promote changes during pregnancy that resulted in low birth weight in newborn Wistar rats.

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