Association between Parenthood and Health Behaviour in Later Life—Results from the Population-Based CARLA Study

Previous research has focused on comparing health behaviour between parents and non-parents at younger ages, while little is known about the impact of being a parent on health behaviours in later life. We studied whether parenthood is associated with later physical activity (PA), dietary pattern, smoking status and alcohol consumption in German adults of middle and old age. We used data from the baseline examination of the population-based CARLA-study in Halle (Saale), comprising 1779 adults aged 45–83. Linear and logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship between parenthood and health behaviours while controlling for age, partner status, education, income, occupational position, socioeconomic status in childhood, and number of chronic diseases. Of the participants, 89.1% had biological children. Being a father was associated with higher PA in sports (sport index ß = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [0.14; 0.44]), but not with PA in leisure time (excluding sports), dietary pattern, consumption of alcohol and smoking status. No associations were found between being a mother with all outcome variables. Provided that PA of fathers is typically reduced when the children are young, the development towards higher PA at later age needs to be studied in more detail.

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Support for cigarette filter waste policies among US adults

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056451 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056451

Author(s):

Minal Patel ◽

Alison F Cuccia ◽

Shanell Folger ◽

Adam F Benson ◽

Donna Vallone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Status ◽

Population Based ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cigarette Filter ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Knowledge And Beliefs ◽

Cigarette Butts ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

IntroductionLittle is known on whether cigarette filter-related knowledge or beliefs are associated with support for policies to reduce their environmental impact.MethodsA cross-sectional, population-based sample of US adults aged 18–64 years (n=2979) was used to evaluate filter-related knowledge and beliefs by smoking status using data collected between 24 October 2018 and 17 December 2018. Multivariate logistic regression models explored whether these knowledge and belief items were associated with support for two policies, a US$0.75 litter fee and a ban on sales of filtered cigarettes, controlling for demographic characteristics and smoking status.ResultsRegardless of smoking status, 71% did not know plastic was a cigarette filter component and 20% believed filters were biodegradable. Overall, 23% believed filters reduce health harms and 60% believed filters make it easier to smoke; 90% believed cigarette butts are harmful to the environment. Individuals believing cigarette butts harmed the environment were more likely to support a litter fee (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.33, 95% CI: 1.71 to 3.17). Individuals believing that filters are not biodegradable had higher odds of supporting a litter fee (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.88). Respondents believing that filters do not make cigarettes less harmful were more likely to support a litter fee (aOR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.88) and filter ban (aOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.50). Belief that filters make it easier to smoke was associated with decreased support for a filter ban (aOR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.83).ConclusionsComprehensive efforts are needed to educate the public about the impact of cigarette filters in order to build support for effective tobacco product waste policy.

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Do carers care for themselves? A population-based study

International Journal for Population Data Science ◽

10.23889/ijpds.v4i3.1215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Foteini Tseliou ◽

Mark Atkinson ◽

Shantini Paranjothy ◽

Pauline Ashfield-Watt

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Health Behaviour ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Report ◽

Informal Carer

Background Informal caregiving has become an integral part of many societies, however there is increasing concern about the well-being of carers and how they manage their care-related responsibilities in conjunction with their health and mental health. Previous studies have reported mixed results with some proposing that carers are intrinsically healthier. Aims To explore the association between different levels of caregiving and health behaviours and mental health status. Methods Data were collected through HealthWise Wales (HWW) and linked to healthcare records (N=27,455). These included self-reported data on level of caring responsibilities (0;1-19;20-49;50+ hours per week), whether or not they left employment due to their caring role, mental health using the short Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) and health behaviour data on smoking status, physical activity and dietary habits. Data on current diagnosis of Anxiety and Depression were drawn from linked healthcare records. Separate logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender and socio-economic status were fitted to assess the association between intensity of caring responsibility and each mental health and health behaviour outcome. Results Of the 14,451 HWW participants who had complete records, 3,856 (26.7%) reported being an informal carer. Intense carers (20-49 hours per week) were more likely to be physically inactive (OR:1.27, 95%CI:1.04-1.56), smoke cigarettes (OR:1.49, 95%CI:1.11-2.00) and eat unhealthily (OR:1.48, 95%CI:1.13-1.93). They were more also likely to self-report (OR:1.87, 95%CI:1.51-2.32) or have a diagnosis of depression or anxiety (OR:1.57, 95%CI:1.26-1.97). Other levels of caregiving intensity also demonstrated the above associations. Carers who had given up work to care were more likely to be smokers and have common mental disorders. Conclusion Being an informal carer is associated with unhealthy behaviours and common mental disorders, with a gradient effect dependent on the level of caregiving activity. New interventions that can support carers to improve their health and wellbeing are urgently needed.

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AGING SUPPORT, HEALTH, AND WELL-BEING OF THE ELDERLY IN CHINA AND JAPAN

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2241 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S602-S603

Author(s):

Emma Zang ◽

Yuan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Family Care ◽

Later Life ◽

Well Being ◽

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Healthy Longevity ◽

Quality Life ◽

China And Japan ◽

New Research ◽

The Impact

Abstract Countries in East Asia have the largest aging population in the world. The consequences of aging largely depend on whether it is accompanied by a healthy, active, and high-quality life. This symposium aims to gain a better understanding of aging support and determinants of health in the contexts of two major East Asian countries - China and Japan. We will present new research using data from the Fukui Longitudinal Caregiver Study (FLCS) in Japan, and two most important aging surveys in China – the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), addressing critical topics including retirement, family care, social mobility, and mortality. Song and Smith investigate the impact of hukou change on mental health in later life. Zang examines the effect of a man’s retirement on his wife’s mental and physical health in China. Zhang et al. explore the determinants of mortality in China by conducting a comprehensive analysis of life-course conditions, community characteristics, biological and physical functioning, and disease burden. Zeng et al. compare demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral characteristics and health phenotypes of centenarians in China and Italy. Wakui et al. focus on the emergence of compound caregiving and the relationship of caregiving status to burden, depression, and social support in Japan. The cross-national comparisons will be informative regarding aging in various contexts. We will discuss the potential for further investigations using population-based aging data from different countries.

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Sex differences in incidence and mortality of bloodstream infections. Results from the population-based HUNT study in Norway

10.1101/2021.08.24.21262516 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Randi Marie Mohus ◽

Lise T. Gustad ◽

Anne Sofie Furberg ◽

Martine Kjølberg Moen ◽

Kristin Vardheim Liyanarachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Large Population ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of sex on risk of bloodstream infections (BSI) and BSI mortality and to assess to what extent known risk factors for BSI mediate this association in the general population.ParticipantsThe prospective, population-based HUNT2 Survey (1995-97) in Norway invited 93,898 inhabitants ≥20 years in the Nord-Trøndelag region, whereof 65,237 (69.5%) participated. 46.8% of the participants were men.ExposuresSex and potential mediators between sex and BSI; health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption), education attainment, cardiovascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure, non-HDL cholesterol, body mass index) and previous or current comorbidities.Main outcome measuresSex differences in risk of first-time BSI, BSI mortality (death within first 30 days after a BSI), BSI caused by the most frequent bacteria, and the impact of known BSI risk factors as mediators.ResultsWe documented a first-time BSI for 1,840 (2.9%) participants (51.3% men) during a median follow-up of 14.8 years. Of these, 396 (0.6%) died (56.6% men). Men had 41% higher risk of any first-time BSI (95% confidence interval (CI), 28 to 54%) than women. An estimated 34% of the excess risk of BSI in men was mediated by known BSI risk factors. The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI for BSI due to S. aureus was 2.09 (1.28 to 2.54), S. pneumoniae 1.36 (1.05 to 1.76), and E. coli 0.97 (0.84 to 1.13) in men vs women. BSI related mortality was higher in men compared to women with HR 1.87 (1.53 to 2.28).ConclusionsThis large population-based study show that men have higher risk of BSI than women. One-third of this effect was mediated by known risk factors for BSI. This raises important questions regarding sex specific approaches to reduce the burden of BSI.

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POPULATION−BASED SERO−EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY PROTOCOL FOR THE IMPACT OF SMOKING ON SARS−COV−2 INFECTION AND COVID−19 OUTCOMES − THE TROINA STUDY

10.1101/2021.04.29.21256236 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Riccardo Polosa ◽

V. Tomaselli ◽

P. Ferrara ◽

A. C. Romeo ◽

S. Rust ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Population Based ◽

Added Value ◽

Serum Cotinine ◽

Related Information ◽

Seroprevalence Data ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

The Impact

After the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS−CoV−2), research has highlighted several aspects of the pandemic, focusing on clinical features and risk factors associated with infection and disease severity. However, emerging results on the role of smoking in SARS−CoV−2 infection susceptibility or COVID−19 outcomes are conflicting, and their robustness remains uncertain. In this context, this project aims at quantifying the proportion of SARS−CoV−S antibody seroprevalence, studying the changes in antibody levels over time, and analyzing the association between smoking status and infection using seroprevalence data. The added value of this research is that the current smoking status of the population to be studied will be biochemically verified, in order to avoid the bias associated with self−reported smoking status. As such, the results from this survey may provide actionable metric to study the role of smoking in SARS−CoV−2 spread, and therefore implement the most appropriate public health measures to control the pandemic. The research design involves a 6-month prospective cohort study with serial sampling of the same individuals. Each participant will be surveyed about their demographics and COVID−19−related information, and blood sampling will be collected upon recruitment and at specified follow−up time points (namely, after 8 and 24 weeks). Blood samples will be screened for the presence of SARS−CoV−2 specific antibodies and serum cotinine. Overall, we expect to find a higher prevalence of antibodies in individuals at high−risk for viral exposure (i.e., healthcare or other essential workers), according to previous literature, and to refine current estimates on the association between smoking status and SARS−CoV−2/COVID−19. Our results may serve as a reference for future clinical research and the methodology could be exploited in public health sectors and policies.

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Hypothetical blood-pressure-lowering interventions and risk of stroke and dementia

European Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s10654-020-00694-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Liliana Paloma Rojas-Saunero ◽

Saima Hilal ◽

Eleanor J. Murray ◽

Roger W. Logan ◽

Mohammad Arfan Ikram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Ratio ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Later Life ◽

Population Based ◽

Prior History ◽

Rotterdam Study ◽

Dementia Risk ◽

Quitting Smoking

AbstractWe aimed to study the effects of hypothetical interventions on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and smoking on risk of stroke and dementia using data from 15 years of follow-up in the Rotterdam Study. We used data from 4930 individuals, aged 55–80 years, with no prior history of stroke, dementia or cognitive impairment, followed for 15 years within the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort. We defined the following sustained interventions on SBP: (1) maintaining SBP below 120 mmHg, (2) maintaining SBP below 140 mmHg, (3) reducing SBP by 10% if above 140 mmHg, (4) reducing SBP by 20% if above 140 mmHg, and a combined intervention of quitting smoking with each of these SBP-lowering strategies. We considered incident stroke and incident dementia diagnoses as outcomes. We applied the parametric g-formula to adjust for baseline and time-varying confounding. The observed 15-year risk for stroke was 10.7%. Compared to no specified intervention (i.e., the “natural course”), all interventions that involved reducing SBP were associated with a stroke risk reduction of about 10% (e.g., reducing SBP by 20% if above 140 mmHg risk ratio: 0.89; 95% CI 0.76, 1). Jointly intervening on SBP and smoking status further decreased the risk of stroke (e.g., risk ratio: 0.83; 95% CI 0.71, 0.94). None of the specified interventions were associated with a substantive change in dementia risk. Our study suggests that a joint intervention on SBP and smoking cessation during later life may reduce stroke risk, while the potential for reducing dementia risk were not observed.

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Dietary patterns and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013001249 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 1531-1537 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nicholas J Ollberding ◽

Briseis Aschebrook-Kilfoy ◽

Donne Bennett D Caces ◽

Sonali M Smith ◽

Dennis D Weisenburger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Smoking Status ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Population Based ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies examining the role of single foods or nutrients in the aetiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have produced inconsistent findings. Few studies have examined associations for dietary patterns, which may more accurately reflect patterns of consumption and the complexity of dietary intake. The objective of the present study was to examine whether dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were associated with NHL risk.DesignCase–control.SettingPopulation-based sample residing in Nebraska from 1999 to 2002.SubjectsA total of 336 cases and 460 controls.ResultsFactor analysis identified two major dietary patterns: (i) a ‘Meat, Fat and Sweets’ dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of French fries, red meat, processed meat, pizza, salty snacks, sweets and desserts, and sweetened beverages; and (ii) a ‘Fruit, Vegetables and Starch’ dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of vegetables, fruit, fish, and cereals and starches. In multivariable logistic regression models, the ‘Meat, Fat and Sweets’ dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of overall NHL (ORQ4v.Q1 = 3·6, 95 % CI 1·9, 6·8; Ptrend = 0·0004), follicular lymphoma (ORQ4v.Q1 = 3·1, 95 % CI 1·2, 8·0; Ptrend = 0·01), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ORQ4v.Q1 = 3·2, 95 % CI 1·1, 9·0; Ptrend = 0·09) and marginal zone lymphoma (ORQ4v.Q1 = 8·2, 95 % CI 1·3, 51·2; Ptrend = 0·05). No association with overall or subtype-specific risk was detected for the ‘Fruit, Vegetables and Starch’ dietary pattern. No evidence of heterogeneity was detected across strata of age, sex, BMI, smoking status or alcohol consumption.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a dietary pattern high in meats, fats and sweets may be associated with an increased risk of NHL.

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The impact of parents' health behaviours on their preferences regarding vaccinations

10.21203/rs.2.20442/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wojciech Kulak ◽

Jolanta Kraśnicka ◽

Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak ◽

Krystyna Klimaszewska ◽

Mateusz Cybulski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Behaviour ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Human Life ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Survey Method ◽

Health Practices ◽

Mental Attitude ◽

The Impact ◽

All Diseases

Abstract Background. Health behaviours are very important factors of human life. Currently, as the number of vaccinated children in Poland and throughout Europe is decreasing, parents’ health behaviours may affect the frequency of vaccinations. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of parents’ preferred health behaviours regarding vaccinations.Methods. The study was carried out using a diagnostic survey method with an original questionnaire and the Inventory of Health Behaviours. The study included 300 parents.Results: The level of health behaviours was average in 42.3% of the respondents, low in 33%, and high in 24.7%. Convictions about immunity after contracting a disease, the need to vaccinate for all diseases, the vaccination system, the quality of the vaccines used in Poland, the universal obligation to vaccinate, and the admission of unvaccinated children to crèches and kindergartens were not statistically related to health behaviours. Significant differences in health behaviours, mainly the level of normal eating habits (p = 0.038) and positive mental attitude (p = 0.022), were found in relation to views on the toxicity of vaccines. Participants who reported that vaccines can cause autism engaged in a higher level of prophylactic behaviours. Respondents who vaccinated their children with combined vaccines had a significantly higher level of health practices. Significant or near-significant differences in health behaviour levels in various areas were found between those who sought the recommended vaccinations and those who did not.Conclusions: The health behaviour levels of the majority of the respondents were average, and the most frequent category was "positive mental attitude.” Parents who believed in the toxicity of vaccines were more concerned about proper nutrition, had a positive mental attitude, and engaged in a higher level of preventive behaviours and health practices. Parents who did not vaccinate their children had lower levels of normal eating habits. Parents who vaccinated their children with additional vaccines had a higher level of health behaviours, especially in terms of health practices.

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Health Behaviour Change following Persuasive Communication

South African Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1177/008124639602600105 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helgo Schomer ◽

Sarah Wadlow ◽

Tim Dunne

Keyword(s):

Health Psychology ◽

Drug Use ◽

Health Behaviour ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Self Report ◽

Persuasive Communication ◽

Positive Health ◽

Significant Change ◽

The Impact

This study was undertaken to assess the impact of a persuasively presented academic course in Health Psychology on students' health behaviour. Ninety-eight students attending a third-year optional course in Health Psychology at the University of Cape Town volunteered to participate in the study. The students completed a self-report Lifestyle Evaluation Questionnaire (LEQ) at the beginning of the six-week course, at the completion of the course and at an eight-month follow-up. A Lifestyie Beliefs Questionnaire (LBQ) based on the Health Belief Model was also filled out at the follow-up date. The results showed a statistically significant change in the exercise health behaviour, improving as the study progressed. LEQ factors of food and care improved significantly from the beginning to the completion of the course, with the care factor also maintaining a significant change from beginning to follow-up. Analysis of the LBQ indicated that the benefits component predicted exercise and drug use, the barriers component predicted exercise behaviour, and the susceptibility component predicted drug use. It was concluded that persuasive communication had a motivating effect on young, healthy adults to practise positive health behaviours.

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Epidemiology of Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma: Improvement in Survival After Release of the 1999 WHO Classification of Lung Tumors

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2005.03.0312 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (33) ◽

pp. 8396-8405 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Jason A. Zell ◽

S.-H. Ignatius Ou ◽

Argyrios Ziogas ◽

Hoda Anton-Culver

Keyword(s):

Survival Benefit ◽

Who Classification ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Cancer Surveillance ◽

Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma ◽

Surveillance Programs ◽

Incident Cases ◽

The Impact

Purpose Classification changes for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) by the WHO in May 1999 narrowed its definition. This study was undertaken in an attempt to characterize the impact of these changes on the epidemiology of BAC. Patients and Methods This retrospective study involves data analysis from the population-based Cancer Surveillance Programs of three Southern California counties from 1995 to 2003. BAC cases diagnosed after May 1999 are compared with BAC cases before that time by clinicopathologic variables including survival. Results Incident cases (11,969) of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were analyzed, including 626 cases of BAC (5.2%). Median overall survival (OS) for BAC patients diagnosed after May 1999 (> 53 months) was significantly improved over median OS for BAC patients before May 1999 (32 months; P = .012). This survival benefit remained after adjustment for sex, smoking status, and stage at presentation (hazard ratio for time of diagnosis before May 1999 compared with a diagnosis after May 1999 = 1.43; P = .015). Median OS for non-BAC NSCLC patients diagnosed before May 1999 (9 months) did not differ from the median OS of such patients afterwards (10 months; P = .09). Conclusion This epidemiologic study is the first to demonstrate a survival advantage for BAC patients diagnosed after May 1999 compared with BAC patients diagnosed before this time—a finding that persists after adjustment for sex, smoking status, and stage at presentation. We believe that this observed survival benefit likely reflects changes in the revised 1999 WHO classification.

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