Changes of Spatiotemporal Pattern and Network Characteristic in Population Flow under COVID-19 Epidemic

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major problem facing humanity throughout the world. The rapid and accurate tracking of population flows may therefore be epidemiologically informative. This paper adopts a massive amount of daily population flow data (from January 10 to March 15, 2020) for China obtained from the Baidu Migration platform to analyze the changes of the spatiotemporal patterns and network characteristics in population flow during the pre-outbreak period, outbreak period, and post-peak period. The results show that (1) for temporal characteristics of population flow, the total population flow varies greatly between the three periods, with an overall trend of the pre-outbreak period flow > the post-peak period flow > the outbreak period flow. Impacted by the lockdown measures, the population flow in various provinces plunged drastically and remained low until the post-peak period, at which time it gradually increased. (2) For the spatial pattern, the pattern of population flow is divided by the geographic demarcation line known as the Hu (Heihe-Tengchong) Line, with a high-density interconnected network in the southeast half and a low-density serial-connection network in the northwest half. During the outbreak period, Wuhan city appeared as a hollow region in the population flow network; during the post-peak period, the population flow increased gradually, but it was mainly focused on intra-provincial flow. (3) For the network characteristic changes, during the outbreak period, the gap in the network status between cities at different administrative levels narrowed significantly. Thus, the feasibility of Baidu migration data, comparison with non-epidemic periods, and optimal implications are discussed. This paper mainly described the difference and specific information under non-normal situation compared with existing results under a normal situation, and analyzed the impact mechanism, which can provide a reference for local governments to make policy recommendations for economic recovery in the future under the epidemic period.

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The Impact of Open Selection on the Number of Corruption Cases in High Leadership Positions (JPT) in Local Governments in Indonesia

Jurnal Magister Administrasi Publik ◽

10.31629/jmap.v1i1.3351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 10-22

Author(s):

Winda Hestiecia

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Leadership Positions ◽

Political Costs ◽

Total Capital ◽

Alpha Level ◽

The Difference ◽

Merit System ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

This study aims to explain the impact of implementing open selection on the amount of corruption in local government JPT in Indonesia. Using the difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) approach, this study analyzes panel data on JPT corruption in Indonesia that have been inkracht handled by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in the period 2009-2019. The results of theoretical studies and previous research have given rise to the hypothesis that the implementation of open selection has a positive impact on reducing JPT corruption cases in local governments in Indonesia. This study found that the implementation of open selection can reduce the number of corruption cases by -0.892% and significantly at the 10% alpha level in regions with high total capital expenditures. This finding demonstrates the positive impact of open selection on JPT corruption cases and thus supports previous studies on the positive impact of implementing a merit system, in particular open selection on the number of JPT corruption cases in regions with high total spending. In addition, to strengthen the research results by adding case studies and in-depth interviews with KASN and ICW. It was found that it greatly influenced the implementation of open selection. It is the high political costs in the regions that are the main cause that causes corruption of governors, mayors, and regents followed by regional officials to continue to occur.

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Full recovery of elective orthopedic surgery in the age of COVID-19: an 8-month retrospective cohort study

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-021-02286-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Teng-fei Lou ◽

Zun Ren ◽

Zheng-hua Sun ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Cun-yi Fan

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Orthopedic Surgery ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Care Providers ◽

Outbreak Period ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Registration Number ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

To Receive

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to dramatic disruptions to orthopedic services. The purpose of this study is to quantify the reinstatement of elective orthopedic surgeries of our institution in Shanghai, China, and share our first-hand experiences of how this region is managing the post-outbreak period. Methods The number of patients receiving elective orthopedic surgeries was analyzed in the timeframe of 8 months since the start of the pandemic (from January 20 to September 16) and compared with the patients receiving the same treatment during the same period in 2019. And a detailed workflow for handling patients about to receive elective surgeries in the COVID-19 post-outbreak period was described. Results The number of the selective surgeries in the first 3 months only accounted for 31.72% of the same period in 2019 (p = 0.0031), and the ratio reached 97.47% when it came to the last 5 months (p > 0.9999). The selective surgeries even surpassed the pre-epidemic level in months 7 and 8. And the difference of the surgeries was not significant in the whole eight observed months between 2019 and 2020 (p = 0.1526). No health care providers or hospitalized patients in orthopedic departments in Shanghai have been infected nosocomially. Conclusions Elective orthopedic surgeries have been fully recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic in our institution, and the new normalcy established during the post-outbreak period helped this region co-exist with the impact of the virus well. Trial registration Retrospectively registered, registration number: ChiCTR2000039711, date of registration: November 6, 2020

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The Influence of Excellence on Municipal Performance: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From the Czech Republic

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244020978232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 215824402097823

Author(s):

Michal Plaček ◽

Milan Křápek ◽

Jan Čadil ◽

Bojka Hamerníková

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Local Governments ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Free Disposal Hull ◽

Actual Performance ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact

This article examines the impact of excellence-promoting policies on the actual performance of municipalities in the Czech Republic. In this analysis, the performance of municipalities that have received awards for the use of quality management tools is compared with a selected group of municipalities that did not receive awards. Data envelopment analysis (DEA; with constant and variable returns on the scale), free disposal hull (FDH), and Order-M methods were utilized to represent performance. For the actual performance comparison, a quasi-experimental design was used. The analysis of outputs using the difference impact method found that this specific public policy did not have a positive impact on the efficiency of municipalities. If the difference-in-differences method is used, the opposite is achieved. However, the technical efficiency gains are very small. The use of the quasi-experimental design along with the determination of inputs and outputs which are characteristic of the Czech Republic also offers a contribution when this method is being applied to the assessment of institutions in the form of local governments.

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Impacts of COVID-19 on Informal Workers and National Policies in China

Journal of Business Administration Research ◽

10.30564/jbar.v4i4.3660 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Kadiriya Kaimaier ◽

Yejia Zhang

Keyword(s):

Informal Economy ◽

Local Governments ◽

Future Trend ◽

Informal Workers ◽

Epidemic Period ◽

The Future ◽

Set Up ◽

And Control ◽

Self Protection ◽

The Impact

The impact of the epidemic on China's economy is huge. By analyzing the impact of the epidemic on the informal economy and consulting the measures taken by local governments in Sichuan to restore the stall economy in the post epidemic period, this paper classifies and refines the measures made by urban governments of different sizes of cities, puts forward relevant laws, and puts forward opinions and forecasts on the future trend of the stall economy and stall economy in the post epidemic period. Due to the impact of the epidemic, people's awareness of self-protection has increased, local governments have also strengthened prevention and control, and the business of vendors has been seriously affected. The Sichuan case shows that the government's encouragement is an important guarantee for the rapid recovery of the stall economy. At the same time, reasonable control is a necessary means to prevent the recurrence of the epidemic. For the future trend of the stall, it is a trend to set up permitted-vending-places (shudaoqu). Selecting an address according to the nature of the commodity is the guarantee of sales.

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Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2019-1-109-123 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 109-123

Author(s):

I. E. Limonov ◽

M. V. Nesena

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Modeling ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Public Investment ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

The Public ◽

Export Activity ◽

Regional Investment ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

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Asymmetrical Attribution of Performance in China

Asian Survey ◽

10.1525/as.2020.60.5.978 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 978-1003

Author(s):

Jacqueline Chen Chen ◽

Jun Xiang

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Cultural Theory ◽

Political Trust ◽

Mediation Model ◽

Multilevel Mediation ◽

Dual Pathway ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

The Impact

Existing studies of the impact of economic development on political trust in China have two major gaps: they fail to explain how economic development contributes to the hierarchical trust pattern, and they do not pay enough attention to the underlying mechanisms. In light of cultural theory and political control theory, we propose adapting performance theory into a theory of “asymmetrical attribution of performance” to better illuminate the case of China. This adapted theory leads to dual pathway theses: expectation fulfillment and local blaming. Using a multilevel mediation model, we show that expectation fulfillment mainly upholds trust in the central government, whereas local blaming undermines trust in local governments. We also uncover a rural–urban distinction in the dual pathway, revealing that both theses are more salient among rural Chinese.

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THE IMPACT OF DECENTRALIZATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE

International scientific journal Internauka Series Economical Sciences ◽

10.25313/2520-2294-2020-11-6563 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Lyudmyla Mishchenko ◽

◽

Dmytro Mishchenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Entrepreneurship ◽

Local Governments ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Social Protection ◽

Local Community ◽

Well Being ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Social Enterprises ◽

Infrastructural Support ◽

The Impact

The actualization of the results of financial decentralization in Ukraine as part of the reform of decentralization of power and the development of proposals for its improvement is explained by the fact that a clear division of functions, powers and financial resources between national and regional levels is the basis for the well-being of our citizens. opportunities for its sustainable socio- economic development on a democratic basis. It is noted that financial decentralization is a process of giving authority to mobilize revenues and expenditures of local governments in order to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of these powers and better management of community budgets. It is established that unlike traditional entrepreneurship, which focuses on profit generation, the purpose of social entrepreneurship is to create and accumulate social capital. Abroad, social enterprises operate successfully in the fields of education, the environment, human rights, poverty reduction and health care, and their development and dissemination is one way to improve the living conditions of citizens. A similar mission is entrusted to local governments, which allows us to consider the revival of social entrepreneurship as an important element in improving self-government policy. It is determined that in modern conditions social entrepreneurship is one of the tools to ensure the ability of the local community to provide its members with an appropriate level of education, culture, health, housing and communal services, social protection, etc., as well as plan and implement programs efficient use of available natural and human resources, investment and infrastructural support of territorial communities. Due to financial decentralization, local governments have received additional resources that can be used to create economic incentives to promote social entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses at the community level.

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Harmonisasi terhadap Peraturan Daerah No. 14 Tahun 2006 tentang Pengelolaan Pelestarian Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah dalam Perlindungan Pulau Pariwisata Kabupaten Indramayu

Jurnal Suara Hukum ◽

10.26740/1.jsh.2019.1.2.5244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Saiful Kholik ◽

Imas Khaeriyah

Keyword(s):

Rule Of Law ◽

Local Governments ◽

Environmental Law ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Conservation Area ◽

The Rule Of Law ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Inconsistency Regional Regulation No.14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, which Cendekian provides protection but in fact failed to provide protection as evidenced by dredging island sandbar and cendekian conducted PT.Pertamina UP VI Balongan INDRAMAYU. The problem in this research How Formulation Policy Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian And How Harmonization Act No. 10 of 2009 with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding formulation Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian, the purpose of this research to understand and analyze the extent to which policy The findings of the community or field of law local governments about the environmental damage done by companies or individuals are not equal accordance with regional regulations in force, nor the Law in force so that the function of law in society indramayu not fit the mandate to establish a change and justice based Formulation public corporate criminal liability.Inskonsitensi happens to local regulation No.14 of 2006 makes no harmonized with the regulations of each other so that the impact of this inskonsistensi makes the sector particularly environmental law enforcement get uncertainties that result in coastal communities Indramayau.Conclusion Harmonization of regulations of the center and regions delivering the policy formulation of the rule of law area to comply with the regulations above in order to avoid inconsistency, the occurrence of this inconsistency resulted in the rule of law and justice for the indramayu, suggestion that the government should was nearly revise regulations related area, especially the government must dare to take action to give effect to the perpetrator deterrent effect rule-based running as well as possible.

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The Use of Multimedia and its Impact on Bangladeshi EFL Learners at Tertiary Level

International Journal of Language Education ◽

10.26858/ijole.v4i2.12150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 150

Author(s):

Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Academic Writing ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

English Language ◽

Capital City ◽

Tertiary Level ◽

Language Classroom ◽

The Difference ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

As 21st century is the era of modern technologies with different aspects, it offers us to make the best use of them. After tape recorder and overhead projector (OHP), multimedia has become an important part of language classroom facilities for its unique and effective application in delivering and learning lesson. Although in many parts of Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, where English enjoys the status of a foreign language, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning is viewed as a matter of luxury. However, nowadays the usefulness and the necessity of it are well recognized by the academics as well as the government. The study aims to focus on the difference between a traditional classroom void of multimedia and multimedia equipped classrooms at university level by explaining how multimedia support the students with enhanced opportunity to interact with diverse texts that give them more in-depth comprehension of the subject. It also focuses on audio-visual advantage of multimedia on the students’ English language learning. The study has followed a qualitative method to get an in-depth understanding of the impact of using multimedia in an English language classroom at tertiary level. For this purpose, the data have been collected from two different sources. Firstly, from students’ written response to an open ended question as to their comparative experience of learning lessons with and without multimedia facilities; and secondly, through observation of English language classes at a private university of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The discussion of the study is limited to the use of multimedia in English language classroom using cartoons, images and music with a view to enhance students’ skills in academic writing, critical analysis of image and critical appreciation of music. For this purpose, cartoons in English language, images from Google and music from You Tube have got focused discussion in this paper.

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Case study: Prediction and field tests of railway noise and effects of a low-height noise barrier

Noise Control Engineering Journal ◽

10.3397/1/376826 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 303-314

Author(s):

Yuna Park ◽

Hyo-In Koh ◽

University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Field Tests ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Railway Systems ◽

Railway Noise ◽

Sound Levels ◽

Noise Barrier ◽

The Difference ◽

Reduction Effect ◽

The Impact

Railway noise is calculated to predict the impact of new or reconstructed railway tracks on nearby residential areas. The results are used to prepare adequate counter- measures, and the calculation results are directly related to the cost of the action plans. The calculated values were used to produce noise maps for each area of inter- est. The Schall 03 2012 is one of the most frequently used methods for the production of noise maps. The latest version was released in 2012 and uses various input para- meters associated with the latest rail vehicles and track systems in Germany. This version has not been sufficiently used in South Korea, and there is a lack of standard guidelines and a precise manual for Korean railway systems. Thus, it is not clear what input parameters will match specific local cases. This study investigates the modeling procedure for Korean railway systems and the differences between calcu- lated railway sound levels and measured values obtained using the Schall 03 2012 model. Depending on the location of sound receivers, the difference between the cal- culated and measured values was within approximately 4 dB for various train types. In the case of high-speed trains, the value was approximately 7 dB. A noise-reducing measure was also modeled. The noise reduction effect of a low-height noise barrier system was predicted and evaluated for operating railway sites within the frame- work of a national research project in Korea. The comparison of calculated and measured values showed differences within 2.5 dB.

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