scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Bladder Cancer: Biomarkers and Beyond

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ru Liu ◽  
Carlos Ortiz-Bonilla ◽  
Yi-Fen Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
And Behavior

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) are membrane-bound, nanosized vesicles released by cancer cells and taken up by cells in the tumor microenvironment to modulate the molecular makeup and behavior of recipient cells. In this report, we summarize the pivotal roles of TEVs involved in bladder cancer (BC) development, progression and treatment resistance through transferring their bioactive cargos, including proteins and nucleic acids. We also report on the molecular profiling of TEV cargos derived from urine and blood of BC patients as non-invasive disease biomarkers. The current hurdles in EV research and plausible solutions are discussed.

Extracellular vesicles as a source for non-invasive biomarkers in bladder cancer progression

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoraida Andreu ◽  
Renan Otta Oshiro ◽  
Alberto Redruello ◽  
Soraya López-Martín ◽  
Cristina Gutiérrez-Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Oeyen ◽  
Lucien Hoekx ◽  
Stefan De Wachter ◽  
Marcella Baldewijns ◽  
Filip Ameye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Urine Cytology ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Diagnostic methods currently used for bladder cancer are cystoscopy and urine cytology. Cystoscopy is an invasive tool and has low sensitivity for carcinoma in situ. Urine cytology is non-invasive, is a low-cost method, and has a high specificity but low sensitivity for low-grade urothelial tumors. Despite the search for urinary biomarkers for the early and non-invasive detection of bladder cancer, no biomarkers are used at the present in daily clinical practice. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently studied as a promising source of biomarkers because of their role in intercellular communication and tumor progression. In this review, we give an overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved urine tests to detect bladder cancer and why their use is not widespread in clinical practice. We also include non-FDA approved urinary biomarkers in this review. We describe the role of EVs in bladder cancer and their possible role as biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer patients. We review recently discovered EV-derived biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.

scholarly journals Urinary nucleic acids can be concentrated, dried on membranes and stored at room temperature in vacuum bags

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanshuang Zhang ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Jianqiang Wu ◽  
Youhe Gao
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive

Urine accumulates traces of changes that occur in the body and can potentially serve as a better biomarker source. Urinary nucleic acids are a promising class of non-invasive disease biomarkers. However, long-term frozen human urine samples are not a good source for the extraction of nucleic acids. In this paper, we demonstrate that urinary nucleic acids can be concentrated, dried on membranes and stored in vacuum bags at room temperature for several months. The amount of total RNA on the membranes after storage at room temperature for three months was unchanged. The levels of miR-16 and miR-21 exhibited no significant differences (P = 0.564, 0.386). This simple and economical method makes the large-scale storage of clinical samples of urinary nucleic acids possible.

Exosomal microRNAs in the development of essential hypertension and its potential as biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Pei Suu Tan ◽  
Deborah Hall ◽  
William M. Chilian ◽  
Yook Chin Chia ◽  
Shamsul Mohd Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Hypertension Diagnosis ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory molecules that are involved in post-transcriptional modifications. These non-coding RNAs are usually ferried by extracellular carriers such as exosomes or other protein and lipid carriers inside a range of body fluids including plasma and urine. Due to their ability to withstand harsh external conditions, exosomal miRNAs possess enormous potentials as non-invasive disease biomarkers for, notably hypertension, whereby exosomal miRNAs have been implicated in its pathophysiological processes. More importantly, alterations in the microenvironment as a result of disease progression can induce active and selective loading of miRNAs into exosomes. In this paper, we first review the mechanisms of miRNA loading into exosomes, followed by the roles of exosomal miRNAs in the development of hypertension; and the potentials of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in comparison to other free circulating miRNAs. Finally challenges and future research surrounding exosomal miRNAs will also be discussed. The information synthesized in this review summarizes current knowledge of non-invasive biomarkers for early hypertension diagnosis and for probing therapeutic efficacy.

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Zehnder ◽  
George N. Thalmann
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Radical Treatment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Muscle Invasive

In the United Kingdom, >4,000 people die of bladder cancer every year. This reflects around one-third of affected patients and occurs in those with primary metastatic disease, with invasion at presentation, and in persons whose tumour progresses to invasion from non-invasive disease. The outcome from invasive cancers has not dramatically altered over the last 30 years, due to a lack of screening programmes, a lack of advances in treatment, and the fact that many patients present with tumours at an advanced stage. Around 50% of patients with invasive disease die from bladder cancer despite radical treatment, suggesting the disease is metastatic at presentation. Cure is rarely possible in patients with locally advanced tumours and lymph node metastases. Therapeutic options include systemic chemotherapy and salvage radical treatment for responders or palliation. Following radical cystectomy for cancer, patients require lifelong follow-up for both oncologic and functional reasons.

scholarly journals Urinary nucleic acids can be concentrated, dried on membranes and stored at room temperature in vacuum bags

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanshuang Zhang ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Jianqiang Wu ◽  
Youhe Gao
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive

Urine accumulates traces of changes that occur in the body and can potentially serve as a better biomarker source. Urinary nucleic acids are a promising class of non-invasive disease biomarkers. However, long-term frozen human urine samples are not a good source for the extraction of nucleic acids. In this paper, we demonstrate that urinary nucleic acids can be concentrated, dried on membranes and stored in vacuum bags at room temperature for several months. The amount of total RNA on the membranes after storage at room temperature for three months was unchanged. The levels of miR-16 and miR-21 exhibited no significant differences (P = 0.564, 0.386). This simple and economical method makes the large-scale storage of clinical samples of urinary nucleic acids possible.

scholarly journals Small Extracellular Vesicles: Functions and Potential Clinical Applications as Cancer Biomarkers

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Ruichen Zhao ◽  
Xueqiao Jiao ◽  
Longyuan Wu ◽  
Yuxuan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Protein Nucleic Acid

Cancer, as the second leading cause of death worldwide, is a major public health concern that imposes a heavy social and economic burden. Effective approaches for either diagnosis or therapy of most cancers are still lacking. Dynamic monitoring and personalized therapy are the main directions for cancer research. Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential disease biomarkers. Cancer EVs, including small EVs (sEVs), contain unique biomolecules (protein, nucleic acid, and lipids) at various stages of carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the biogenesis of sEVs, and their functions in cancer, revealing the potential applications of sEVs as cancer biomarkers.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis: Role in the Pathogenesis and Potential Usefulness as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1733
Author(s):  
Marianna D’Anca ◽  
Chiara Fenoglio ◽  
Francesca Romana Buccellato ◽  
Caterina Visconte ◽  
Daniela Galimberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Recipient Cell ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Vast Range

Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) were initially relegated to a waste disposal role, nowadays, they have gained multiple fundamental functions working as messengers in intercellular communication as well as exerting active roles in physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence proves the involvement of EVs in many diseases, including those of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Indeed, these membrane-bound particles, produced in any type of cell, carry and release a vast range of bioactive molecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids), conferring genotypic and phenotypic changes to the recipient cell. This means that not only EVs per se but their content, especially, could reveal new candidate disease biomarkers and/or therapeutic agents. This review is intended to provide an overview regarding current knowledge about EVs’ involvement in MS, analyzing the potential versatility of EVs as a new therapeutic tool and source of biomarkers.

scholarly journals Urinary bladder cancer: biomarkers and target therapy, new era for more attention

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrallah A. Mohammed ◽  
Hani EL-Tanni ◽  
Hani M. EL-Khatib ◽  
Ahmad A. Mirza ◽  
Abdulrahim A. Mirza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
New Era ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Non Invasive

Currently, bladder cancer (BCa) evaluation depends mainly on traditional clinicopathological parameters encompassing tumor stage and grade, which will not reflect the behavior of the disease. Diverse molecular alterations are responsible for the heterogeneous course. The differences in molecular pathogenesis between non-invasive BCa and invasive BCa have been recognized. Molecular biomarkers are promising to predict progression and survival. The management of advanced BCa remains somewhat primitive in comparison with other more common malignancies. This topic will discuss the molecular pathways, biomarkers and potential targets that may improve the outcome in BCa.

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