scholarly journals Antimicrobial Peptides as Anti-Infective Agents in Pre-Post-Antibiotic Era?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Rončević ◽  
Jasna Puizina ◽  
Alessandro Tossi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Algorithmic Techniques ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Start Ups

Resistance to antibiotics is one of the main current threats to human health and every year multi-drug resistant bacteria are infecting millions of people worldwide, with many dying as a result. Ever since their discovery, some 40 years ago, the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of innate defense have been hailed as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics due to their relatively low potential to elicit resistance. Despite continued effort by both academia and start-ups, currently there are still no antibiotics based on AMPs in use. In this study, we discuss what we know and what we do not know about these agents, and what we need to know to successfully translate discovery to application. Understanding the complex mechanics of action of these peptides is the main prerequisite for identifying and/or designing or redesigning novel molecules with potent biological activity. However, other aspects also need to be well elucidated, i.e., the (bio)synthetic processes, physiological and pathological contexts of their activity, and a quantitative understanding of how physico-chemical properties affect activity. Research groups worldwide are using biological, biophysical, and algorithmic techniques to develop models aimed at designing molecules with the necessary blend of antimicrobial potency and low toxicity. Shedding light on some open questions may contribute toward improving this process.

Antimicrobial Peptides and Vaccine Development to Control Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Baindara ◽  
Santi M. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Peptide Vaccines ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Alternative Solutions

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reported to increase globally at alarming levels in the recent past. A number of potential alternative solutions discussed and implemented to control AMR in bacterial pathogens. Stringent control over the clinical application of antibiotics for a reduction in uses is a special consideration along with alternative solutions to fight against AMR. Although alternatives to conventional antibiotics like antimicrobial peptides (AMP) might warrant serious consideration to fight against AMR, there is a thriving recognition for vaccines in encountering the problem of AMR. Vaccines can reduce the prevalence of AMR by reducing the number of specific pathogens, which result in cutting down the antimicrobial need and uses. However, conventional vaccines produced using live or attenuated microorganisms while the presence of immunologically redundant biological components or impurities might cause major side effects and health related problems. Here we discussed AMPs based vaccination strategies as an emerging concept to overcome the disadvantages of traditional vaccines while boosting the AMPs to control multidrug resistant bacteria or AMR. Nevertheless, the poor immune response is a major challenge in the case of peptide vaccines as minimal antigenic epitopes used for immunization in peptide vaccines.

scholarly journals Antiviral surfaces and coatings and their mechanisms of action

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina D. Rakowska ◽  
Mariavitalia Tiddia ◽  
Nilofar Faruqui ◽  
Claire Bankier ◽  
Yiwen Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Virus Attachment ◽  
Physico Chemical

AbstractViral infections are a serious health challenge, and the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for antiviral measures and treatments for clean surfaces, especially in public places. Here, we review a range of natural and synthetic surface materials and coatings with antiviral properties, including metals, polymers and biopolymers, graphene and antimicrobial peptides, and their underpinning antiviral mechanisms. We also discuss the physico-chemical properties of surfaces which influence virus attachment and persistence on surfaces. Finally, an overview is given of the current practices and applications of antiviral and virucidal materials and coatings in consumer products, personal protective equipment, healthcare and public settings.

scholarly journals The Design of Alapropoginine, a Novel Conjugated Ultrashort Antimicrobial Peptide with Potent Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity in Combination with Conventional Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Ali Salama ◽  
Ammar Almaaytah ◽  
Rula M. Darwish
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

(1) Background: Antimicrobial resistance represents an urgent health dilemma facing the global human population. The development of novel antimicrobial agents is needed to face the rising number of resistant bacteria. Ultrashort antimicrobial peptides (USAMPs) are considered promising antimicrobial agents that meet the required criteria of novel antimicrobial drug development. (2) Methods: Alapropoginine was rationally designed by incorporating arginine (R), biphenylalanine (B), and naproxen to create an ultrashort hexapeptide. The antimicrobial activity of alapropoginine was evaluated against different strains of bacteria. The hemolytic activity of alapropoginine was also investigated against human erythrocytes. Finally, synergistic studies with antibiotics were performed using the checkerboard technique and the determination of the fractional inhibitory index. (3) Results: Alapropoginine displayed potent antimicrobial activities against reference and multi-drug-resistant bacteria with MIC values of as low as 28.6 µg/mL against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Alapropoginine caused negligible toxicity toward human red blood cells. Moreover, the synergistic studies showed improved activities for the combined conventional antibiotics with a huge reduction in their antimicrobial concentrations. (4) Conclusions: The present study indicates that alapropoginine exhibits promising antimicrobial activity against reference and resistant strains of bacteria with negligible hemolytic activity. Additionally, the peptide displays synergistic or additive effects when combined with several antibiotics.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles Enable Efficient Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides for the Treatment of Deep Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxue Deng ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
Songyin Huang ◽  
Menghua Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternatives of traditional antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria owing to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and low tendency to drugresistance. However, their therapeutic efficacy in vivo, especially for infections in deep organs, is limited owing to their systemic toxicity and low bioavailability. Nanoparticles-based delivery systems offer a strategy to increase the therapeutic index of AMPs by preventing proteolysis, increasing the accumulation at infection sites, and reducing toxicity. Herein, we will discuss the current progress of using nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for AMPs for the treatment of deep infections.

scholarly journals Design, Engineering and Discovery of Novel α-Helical and β-Boomerang Antimicrobial Peptides against Drug Resistant Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surajit Bhattacharjya ◽  
Suzana K. Straus
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Development ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Lps Binding

In an era where the pipeline of new antibiotic development is drying up, the continuous rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacteria are genuine threats to human health. Although antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may serve as promising leads against drug resistant bacteria, only a few AMPs are in advanced clinical trials. The limitations of AMPs, namely their low in vivo activity, toxicity, and poor bioavailability, need to be addressed. Here, we review engineering of frog derived short α-helical AMPs (aurein, temporins) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding designed β-boomerang AMPs for further development. The discovery of novel cell selective AMPs from the human proprotein convertase furin is also discussed.

scholarly journals LAMP2: a major update of the database linking antimicrobial peptides

Database ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guizi Ye ◽  
Hongyu Wu ◽  
Jinjiang Huang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Kuikui Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
And Function

Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been regarded as a potential weapon to fight against drug-resistant bacteria, which is threating the globe. Thus, more and more AMPs had been designed or identified. There is a need to integrate them into a platform for researchers to facilitate investigation and analyze existing AMPs. The AMP database has become an important tool for the discovery and transformation of AMPs as agents. A database linking antimicrobial peptides (LAMPs), launched in 2013, serves as a comprehensive tool to supply exhaustive information of AMP on a single platform. LAMP2, an updated version of LAMP, holds 23 253 unique AMP sequences and expands to link 16 public AMP databases. In the current version, there are more than 50% (12 236) sequences only linking a single database and more than 45% of AMPs linking two or more database links. Additionally, updated categories based on primary structure, collection, composition, source and function have been integrated into LAMP2. Peptides in LAMP2 have been integrated in 8 major functional classes and 38 functional activities. More than 89% (20 909) of the peptides are experimentally validated peptides. A total of 1924 references were extracted and regarded as the evidence for supporting AMP activity and cytotoxicity. The updated version will be helpful to the scientific community.

Chemical modifications of short antimicrobial peptides from insects and vertebrates to fight multi-drug resistant bacteria

2009 ◽  
pp. 395-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Knappe ◽  
Christin Stegemann ◽  
Ariane Nimptsch ◽  
Alexander Jr Kolobov ◽  
Ekaterina Korableva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Antimicrobial peptides: an overview of a promising class of therapeutics

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giuliani ◽  
Giovanna Pirri ◽  
Silvia Nicoletto
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Development ◽  
Catheter Site ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is increasing at a rate that far exceeds the pace of new development of drugs. Antimicrobial peptides, both synthetic and from natural sources, have raised interest as pathogens become resistant against conventional antibiotics. Indeed, one of the major strengths of this class of molecules is their ability to kill multidrug-resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides are relatively small (6 to 100 aminoacids), amphipathic molecules of variable length, sequence and structure with activity against a wide range of microorganisms including bacteria, protozoa, yeast, fungi, viruses and even tumor cells. They usually act through relatively non-specific mechanisms resulting in membranolytic activity but they can also stimulate the innate immune response. Several peptides have already entered pre-clinical and clinical trials for the treatment of catheter site infections, cystic fibrosis, acne, wound healing and patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. We review the advantages of these molecules in clinical applications, their disadvantages including their low in vivo stability, high costs of production and the strategies for their discovery and optimization.

scholarly journals Synergistic antibacterial effects of colistin in combination with aminoglycoside, carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, fosfomycin, and piperacillin on multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244673
Author(s):  
Julalak C. Ontong ◽  
Nwabor F. Ozioma ◽  
Supayang P. Voravuthikunchai ◽  
Sarunyou Chusri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Global Health Problem

Multidrug resistant Enterobacterales have become a serious global health problem, with extended hospital stay and increased mortality. Antibiotic monotherapy has been reported ineffective against most drug resistant bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae, thus encouraging the use of multidrug therapies as an alternative antibacterial strategy. The present works assessed the antibacterial activity of colistin against K. pneumoniae isolates. Resistant isolates were tested against 16 conventional antibiotics alone and in combination with colistin. The results revealed that all colistin resistant isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance against the tested antibiotics except amikacin. At sub-inhibitory concentrations, combinations of colistin with amikacin, or fosfomycin showed synergism against 72.72% (8 of 11 isolates). Colistin with either of gentamicin, meropenem, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxifloxacin, minocycline, or piperacillin exhibited synergism against 81.82% (9 of 11 isolates). Combinations of colistin with either of tobramycin or ciprofloxacin showed synergism against 45.45% (5 in 11 isolates), while combinations of colistin with imipenem or ceftolozane and tazobactam displayed 36.36% (4 of 11 isolates) and 63.64% (7 of 11 isolates) synergism. In addition, combinations of colistin with levofloxacin was synergistic against 90.91% (10 of 11 isolates). The results revealed that combinations of colistin with other antibiotics could effectively inhibit colistin resistant isolates of K. pneumoniae, and thus could be further explore for the treatment of multidrug resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Two Hits Are Better than One: Membrane-Active and DNA Binding-Related Double-Action Mechanism of NK-18, a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Derived from Mammalian NK-Lysin

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiexi Yan ◽  
Kairong Wang ◽  
Wen Dang ◽  
Ru Chen ◽  
Junqiu Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Double Targets

ABSTRACTThe extensive use and misuse of antibiotics in medicine result in the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, creating an urgent need for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. Nowadays, antimicrobial peptides are widely recognized as a class of promising candidates with activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. NK-18 is a truncated peptide derived from NK-Lysin, an effector of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. In this study, we studied the antibacterial mechanism of action of NK-18. The results revealed that NK-18 has potent antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus. According to our findings, NK-18 is membrane active and its target of action is not only the bacterial membrane but also the DNA in the cytoplasm. The double targets of NK-18 make it difficult for bacteria to generate resistance, which may present a new strategy to defend against multidrug-resistant bacteria and provide a new lead in the design of potent antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic application in the presence of increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics.

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