scholarly journals Physical Exercise and Myokines: Relationships with Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Maria Barbalho ◽  
Uri Adrian Prync Flato ◽  
Ricardo José Tofano ◽  
Ricardo de Alvares Goulart ◽  
Elen Landgraf Guiguer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
General Metabolism ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Multifaceted Interventions ◽  
The Relationship

Skeletal muscle is capable of secreting different factors in order to communicate with other tissues. These mediators, the myokines, show potentially far-reaching effects on non-muscle tissues and can provide a molecular interaction between muscle and body physiology. Sarcopenia is a chronic degenerative neuromuscular disease closely related to cardiomyopathy and chronic heart failure, which influences the production and release of myokines. Our objective was to explore the relationship between myokines, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions of myokines include regulation of energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, lipolysis, free fatty acid oxidation, adipocyte browning, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, and general metabolism. A sedentary lifestyle accelerates the aging process and is a risk factor for developing sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, and CVD. Increased adipose tissue resulting from the decrease in muscle mass in patients with sarcopenia may also be involved in the pathology of CVD. Myokines are protagonists in the complex condition of sarcopenia, which is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CVD. The discovery of new pathways and the link between myokines and CVD remain a cornerstone toward multifaceted interventions and perhaps the minimization of the damage resulting from muscle loss induced by factors such as atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Relationship between Oral Bacterial Count and Postoperative Complications among Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Treated by Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Rie Osako ◽  
Yuhei Matsuda ◽  
Chieko Itohara ◽  
Yuka Sukegawa-Takahashi ◽  
Shintaro Sukegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Lung Torsion ◽  
Propensity Score Adjustment ◽  
The Relationship

In this retrospective observational study, we evaluated the relationship between perioperative oral bacterial counts and postoperative complications in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. From April 2012 to December 2018, all patients scheduled for surgery received perioperative oral management (POM) by oral specialists at a single center. Tongue dorsum bacterial counts were measured on the pre-hospitalization day, preoperatively, and postoperatively. Background data were collected retrospectively. Among the 470 consecutive patients, the postoperative complication incidence rate was 10.4% (pericardial fluid storage, n = 21; postoperative pneumonia, n = 13; surgical site infection, n = 9; mediastinitis, n = 2; and seroma, postoperative infective endocarditis, lung torsion, and pericardial effusion, n = 1 each). Oral bacterial counts were significantly higher in the pre-hospitalization than in the pre- and postoperative samples (p < 0.05). Sex, cerebrovascular disease, and operation time differed significantly between complications and no-complications groups (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis with propensity score adjustment showed a significant association between postoperative oral bacterial count and postoperative complications (odds ratio 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.60; p = 0.05). Since the development of cardiovascular complications is a multifactorial process, the present study cannot show that POM reduces complications but indicates POM may prevent complications in CVD patients.

Blunted Heart Rate Recovery to Spontaneous Nocturnal Arousals in Short Sleeping Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy A. Bigalke ◽  
Ian M. Greenlund ◽  
Jennifer R. Nicevski ◽  
Carl A. Smoot ◽  
Benjamin Oosterhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Cardiac Reactivity ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Home

Chronic insufficient sleep is a common occurrence around the world, and results in numerous physiological detriments and consequences, including cardiovascular complications. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between habitual total sleep time (TST) measured objectively via at-home actigraphy and heart rate (HR) reactivity to nocturnal cortical arousals. We hypothesized that short habitual TST would be associated with exaggerated cardiac reactivity to nocturnal cortical arousals. Participants included in 35 healthy individuals (20 male, 15 female, age: 24 ± 1, BMI: 27 ± 1 kg/m2), and were split using a median analysis into short (SS; n = 17) and normal sleeping (NS; n = 18) adults based on a minimum of 7 days of at-home actigraphy testing. All participants underwent a full overnight laboratory polysomnography (PSG) testing session, including continuous HR (electrocardiogram, ECG) sampling. HR reactivities to all spontaneous cortical arousals were assessed for 20 cardiac cycles following the onset of the arousal in all participants. Baseline HR was not significantly different between groups (P > .05). Spontaneous nocturnal arousal elicited an augmented HR response in the SS group, specifically during the recovery period [F (4.192, 134.134) = 3.413, p = .01]. There were no significant differences in HR reactivity between sexes [F (4.006, 128.189) = .429, p > .05]. These findings offer evidence of nocturnal cardiovascular dysregulation in habitual short sleepers, independent from any diagnosed sleep disorders.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF NT PRO BNP AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF RIGHT VENTRICLE DISFUNCTION WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AT HAJI ADAM MALIK GENERAL HOSPITAL MEDAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 49-50
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Right Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Severe Copd

Background: Cardiovascular complications caused by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) will affect structure and function of heart’s normal anatomy. This study aims to determine the relationship between the abnormality of NT Pro BNP levels and echocardiographic features of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in COPD. Method: A cross-sectional study to assess the association between the abnormality of NT Pro BNP levels and echocardiographic features of right ventricular dysfunction in COPD in the outpatient unit of the Integrated Heart Center H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. COPD patients were grouped based on GOLD criteria from spirometry examination into severe COPD (GOLD III) and very severe COPD (GOLD IV). Subjects then performed NT pro BNP and echocardiography examination to assess pathological changes in cardiac. Result: NT Pro BNP was higher in GOLD IV. Cut off value of NT Pro BNP > 172 pg/nl is the initial parameter of right ventricular dysfunction. Pulmonary hypertension was found in 93% of cases. The most common cardiac pathological findings were RV hypertrophy (71%), RV dysfunction (86.7%) and pulmonary regurgitation (87.5%). Pathological findings on echocardiography were more common in the GOLD IV group. COPD severity was associated with NT Pro BNP abnormalities (p <0.001) and associated with pathologic echocardiographic findings (p <0.001). Conclusion: Severe COPD is associated with increased NT pro-BNP abnormalities and pathological findings on echocardiography. Echocardiography facilitates early detection of cardiovascular complications in patients with severe and very severe COPD (GOLD III and IV).

Effect of maternal canine starvation on fetal and neonatal liver metabolism

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. E88-E94
Author(s):  
E. L. Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Nadh Ratio ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Diphosphate Glucose ◽  
Neonatal Liver

Heptic glycolytic and gluconeogenic intermediates from fasted newborns of five control and five 3-day starved canine mothers (MCS) were studied at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 24 h of age. MCS did not affect fetal hepatic glycogen concentration; however, a significant increase in uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) (0.186 vs. 0.106 mumol/g), fructose 6-phosphate (0.084 vs. 0.034), pyruvate (0.321 vs. 0.126), and citrate (0.190 vs. 0.140) concentrations occurred. At 3 h, the intrahepatic glucose concentration among the MCS newborns declined (3.09 vs. 6.34) and remained lower than the controls for up to 9 h. UDPG concentration, however, remained elevated throughout the 24 h. In addition intrahepatic pyruvate was significantly elevated in the MCS group. Elevated phosphoenolpyruvate concentrations were observed between 3 and 6 h. Malate levels were lower than controls between 6 and 9 h and alpha-ketoglutarate was significantly higher between 6 and 24 h. Calculated cytoplasmic NAD/NADH ratio was elevated throughout the 24 h. Hepatic triglycerides were higher than controls up to 9 h. A decline in hepatic triglycerides was observed between 9 and 24 h. The results suggest increased glycolysis and suppressed gluconeogenesis in the MCS puppies, probably because of increased triglyceride synthesis and decreased free fatty acid oxidation resulting in a lack of cytoplasmic NADH.

scholarly journals Weight Reduction and the Impaired Plasma-Derived Free Fatty Acid Oxidation in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects1

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1638-1644
Author(s):  
E. E. Blaak ◽  
B. H. R. Wolffenbuttel ◽  
W. H. M. Saris ◽  
M. M. A. L. Pelsers ◽  
A. J. M. Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Plasma carnitine in fasting neonatal and adult northern elephant seals

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. E570-E574
Author(s):  
S. H. Adams ◽  
D. P. Costa ◽  
S. C. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Mirounga Angustirostris ◽  
Elephant Seals ◽  
Plasma Carnitine ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Northern Elephant Seals ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
The Impact

Maintenance of adequate body carnitine stores is a requisite for fasting mammals, whose energy is derived mainly from free fatty acid oxidation. The impact of longterm fasting on carnitine status is unclear, and there have been no reports of carnitine during naturally occurring fasts. Total (TC), free (FC), and acylated (AC) plasma carnitine levels were determined in 10 weaned and 11 adult northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) during natural fasts lasting from 1 to 3 mo. In pups, TC declined little and AC increased only slightly [P greater than 0.05, analysis of variance (ANOVA)] through 11 wk of fasting. Plasma FC dropped by 53 and 26% from week 1 values at 10 and 11 wk fasting, respectively (P = 0.014, ANOVA). The AC/FC ratio did not approach 1.0 until 7 wk of fasting. TC was 38.6 +/- 1.4 microM and 47.6 +/- 4.1 microM in adult females and males, respectively. Adult AC/FC ratios were 0.71 +/- 0.10 (females) and 0.08 +/- 0.04 (males). Plasma TC status is not negatively affected by extended fasting in adult and weaned northern elephant seals. These data support the hypothesis that fasting northern elephant seals defend plasma TC and maintain an attenuated AC/FC ratio well into their prolonged natural fast.

Training of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients—Taiwan's Experiences

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzen-Wen Chen ◽  
Szu-Yuan Li ◽  
Jinn-Yang Chen ◽  
Wu-Chang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Exit Site Infection ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Routine Tasks ◽  
Catheter Implantation ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
The Relationship

In Taiwan, peritoneal dialysis (PD) was launched in 1984. Since then, the Taiwan Society of Nephrology (TSN) has taken the responsibility for supervising PD programs. All PD programs are required to pass evaluations from the TSN before inception. Every new PD patient receives individual training from a qualified PD nurse. The training, accompanied by a review test, is usually provided in the hospital during the week right after catheter implantation. To evaluate the effect of the patient training program on PD outcomes, we designed a retrospective observation study and reviewed the post-training tests of 100 new PD patients. The post-training test has 10 parts: anatomy and physiology, overview of chronic kidney disease, overview of PD, complications of peritonitis and exit-site infection, diet control, cardiovascular complications, PD skills and procedures, aseptic techniques, management of peritonitis, and routine tasks. The relationship between the post-training test scores and peritonitis was analyzed. Results showed that risk of peritonitis is not related to the post-training test score. However, based on our experiences, we believe that PD patient training should be lengthened and repeated periodically as suggested by the International Survey of Peritoneal Dialysis Training Programs. Training on certain issues such as the signs and symptoms of peritonitis should be especially enhanced.

scholarly journals Sex Difference Impacts on the Relationship between Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and Type 2 Diabetes

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Valentina Rosta ◽  
Alessandro Trentini ◽  
Angelina Passaro ◽  
Giovanni Zuliani ◽  
Juana Maria Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gender Specific

Type-2 diabetes (T2D) and its cardiovascular complications are related to sex. Increasing evidence suggests that paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, an antioxidant enzyme bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), is implicated in the onset and clinical progression of T2D. Since we previously showed that PON1 is a sexual dimorphic protein, we now investigated whether sex might impact the relationship between PON1 and this chronic disease. To address this aim, we assessed PON1 activity in the sera of 778 patients, including controls (women, n = 383; men, n = 198) and diabetics (women, n = 79; men = 118). PON1 activity decreased in both women and men with T2D compared with controls (p < 0.05 and p > 0.001, respectively), but the change was 50% larger in the female cohort. In line with this result, the enzyme activity was associated with serum glucose level only in women (r = −0.160, p = 0.002). Notably, only within this gender category, lower PON1 activity was independently associated with increased odds of being diabetic (odds ratio (95% Confidence interval: 2.162 (1.075–5.678)). In conclusion, our study suggests that PON1-deficiency in T2D is a gender-specific phenomenon, with women being more affected than men. This could contribute to the partial loss of female cardiovascular advantage associated with T2D.

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