scholarly journals Methyl Jasmonate Affects Photosynthesis Efficiency, Expression of HvTIP Genes and Nitrogen Homeostasis in Barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Małgorzata Kurowska ◽  
Agata Daszkowska-Golec ◽  
Monika Gajecka ◽  
Paulina Kościelniak ◽  
Wojciech Bierza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Oxygen Evolving Complex ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthesis Efficiency ◽  
Jasmonate Signalling

Jasmonates modulate many growth and developmental processes and act as stress hormones that play an important role in plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, there is a need to identify the genes that are regulated through the jasmonate signalling pathway. Aquaporins, and among them the Tonoplast Intrinsic Proteins (TIPs), form the channels in cell membranes that are responsible for the precise regulation of the movement of water and other substrates between cell compartments. We identified the cis-regulatory motifs for the methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced genes in the promoter regions of all the HvTIP genes, which are active in barley seedlings, and thus we hypothesised that the HvTIP expression could be a response to jasmonate signalling. In the presented study, we determined the effect of methyl jasmonate on the growth parameters and photosynthesis efficiency of barley seedlings that had been exposed to different doses of MeJA (15–1000 µM × 120 h) in a hydroponic solution. All of the applied MeJA concentrations caused a significant reduction of barley seedling growth, which was most evident in the length of the first leaf sheath and dry leaf weight. The observed decrease of the PSII parameters after the exposure to high doses of MeJA (500 µM or higher) was associated with the downregulation of HvPsbR gene encoding one of the extrinsic proteins of the Oxygen Evolving Complex. The reduced expression of HvPsbR might lead to the impairment of the OEC action, manifested by the occurrence of the K-band in an analysis of fluorescence kinetics after MeJA treatment as well as reduced photosynthesis efficiency. Furthermore, methyl jasmonate treatment caused a decrease in the nitrogen content in barley leaves, which was associated with an increased expression the four tonoplast aquaporin genes (HvTIP1;2, HvTIP2;2, HvTIP4;1 and HvTIP4;2) predicted to transport the nitrogen compounds from the vacuole to the cytosol. The upregulation of the nitrogen-transporting HvTIPs might suggest their involvement in the vacuolar unloading of ammonia and urea, which both could be remobilised when the nitrogen content in the leaves decreases. Our research provides tips on physiological role of the individual TIP subfamily members of aquaporins under methyl jasmonate action.

scholarly journals Mitigation of salt stress in rice plant at germination stage by using methyl jasmonate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakil Mahmud ◽  
Shayla Sharmin ◽  
Bishan Lal Das Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Anowar Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Javidul Haque Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Biochemical Component ◽  
Germination Stage

To explore the possibility of using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for alleviation of salt stress, the present study was conducted where six rice varieties (BRRI dhan31, BRRI dhan46, Gota, Kajalsail, Pokkali and Pengek) were grown in non saline (0 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1) + 10 ?M MeJA and saline (12 dSm-1) + 20 ?M MeJA conditions at germination stage (till the 9 days). MeJA was applied by imbibing seeds in it for 24 hours. To evaluate the effect of MeJA on saline stressed plant at germination stage, change in growth parameters namely germination percentage, shoot and root length, fresh and dry wt. of shoot, fresh and dry wt. of root and biochemical component- activity of alpha-amylase were monitored. Salinity had a minimum effect on final germination percentage (FGP) of rice varieties, but delayed in attaining it. MeJA had least positive effect. Salinity significantly reduced the shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of all the varieties. MeJA had more decreasing effect in susceptible varieties while increasing effect in moderately tolerant and tolerant. Activity of alpha-amylase in germinated seed varied from 0.051 mg to 0.111 mg mal./mg tissue. At 12dSm-1 salinity, susceptible and moderately tolerant varieties showed significant reduction but tolerant showed significant increase. MeJA intensified the negative effect further in susceptible varieties. In tolerant and moderately tolerant varieties, increment in activity took place and 10 ?M had a better effect over 20 ?M MeJA.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 74-81

scholarly journals Chlororespiration Serves as Photoprotection for the Photo-Inactivated Oxygen-Evolving Complex in Zostera marina, a Marine Angiosperm

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1517-1529
Author(s):  
Ying Tan ◽  
Quan Sheng Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Ming Yu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Oxygen Evolving Complex ◽  
Redox Equilibrium ◽  
Strong Connectivity ◽  
Oxygen Evolving ◽  
Marine Angiosperm

Abstract As an alternative electron sink, chlororespiration, comprising the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex and plastid terminal plastoquinone oxidase, may play a significant role in sustaining the redox equilibrium between stroma and thylakoid membrane. This study identified a distinct role for chlororespiration in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina, whose oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) is prone to photo-inactivation as a result of its inherent susceptibility to excess irradiation. The strong connectivity between OEC peripheral proteins and key chlororespiratory enzymes, as demonstrated in the interaction network of differentially expressed genes, suggested that the recovery of photo-inactivated OEC was connected with chlororespiration. Chlorophyll fluorescence, transcriptome and Western blot data verified a new physiological role for chlororespiration to function as photoprotection and generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane for the recovery of photo-inactivated OEC. Chlororespiration was only activated in darkness following excess irradiation exposure, which might be related to electron deficiency in the electron transport chain because of the continuous impairment of the OEC. The activation of chlororespiration in Z. marina was prone to proactivity, which was also supported by the further activation of the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway synthesizing NADPH to meet the demand of chlororespiration during darkness. This phenomenon is distinct from the common assumption that chlororespiration is prone to consuming redundant reducing power during the short transition phase from light to dark.

scholarly journals Disruption of the alsSD operon of Enterococcus faecalis impairs growth on pyruvate at low pH

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (9) ◽  
pp. 2708-2719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo D. Repizo ◽  
Pablo Mortera ◽  
Christian Magni
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Initial Ph

Diacetyl and acetoin are pyruvate-derived metabolites excreted by many micro-organisms, and are important in their physiology. Although generation of these four-carbon (C4) compounds in Enterococcus faecalis is a well-documented phenotype, little is known about the gene regulation of their biosynthetic pathway and the physiological role of the pathway in this bacterium. In this work, we identified the genes involved in C4 compound biosynthesis in Ent. faecalis and report their transcriptional analysis. These genes are part of the alsSD bicistronic operon, which encodes α-acetolactate synthase (AlsS) and α-acetolactate decarboxylase (AlsD). Our studies showed that alsSD operon transcription levels are maximal during the exponential phase of growth, decreasing thereafter. Furthermore, we found that this transcription is enhanced upon addition of pyruvate to the growth medium. In order to study the functional role of the alsSD operon, an isogenic alsSD mutant strain was constructed. This strain lost its capacity to generate C4 compounds, confirming the role of alsSD genes in this metabolic pathway. In contrast to the wild-type strain, the alsSD-deficient strain was unable to grow in LB medium supplemented with pyruvate at an initial pH of 4.5. This dramatic reduction in growth parameters for the mutant strain was simultaneously accompanied by the inability to alkalinize the internal and external medium under these conditions. In sum, these results suggest that the decarboxylation reactions related to the C4 biosynthetic pathway give enterococcal cells a competitive advantage during pyruvate metabolism at low pH.

scholarly journals The nitrogen content of sugarcane as influenced by moisture and age.

1969 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
George Samuels ◽  
Bernardo G. Capó ◽  
Ishver S. Bangdiwala
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Sugarcane Plant ◽  
Rainfall Variation ◽  
Dominant Influence

Moisture and age have a dominant influence on the nitrogen content of the sugarcane plant. A study of these factors revealed the following: 1. The nitrogen content of the leaf sample varied from year to year, despite constant cultural and fertilizer treatments. 2. A correction of nitrogen content for moisture eliminated the majority of the fluctuation of nitrogen in the leaf samples. 3. In most cases, leaf-sheath moisture and leaf-blade moisture gave the best correction for nitrogen variation, but rainfall variation could be used as a correction factor. 4. The nitrogen content of the leaf sample increased with increasing moisture content of the tissue; this increase was linear. 5. The nitrogen content of the leaf tissue decreased with increasing age of the cane plant. Thus a decrease in nitrogen is approximately linear to an age of about 10 to 11 months for sugarcane in Puerto Rico. After 11 months the decrease tends to level off. This relationship was also observed for Hawaiian data. 6. The factors of moisture and age appear to be the most dominant in influencing the nitrogen content of the cane-leaf sample. A correction for both moisture and age in the leaf samples taken, in many cases explained over 90 percent of the variation of the nitrogen in the sample. 7. Adjusted leaf-sheath nitrogen values were obtained from an equation using sheath moisture and age of sample. The adjusted values were in very close agreement.

scholarly journals The Effects of Potassium Silicate as a Component of Nutrient Medium for Selected in Vitro Cultures of Prunus and Corylus Genera

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-857
Author(s):  
Eliška Kadlecová ◽  
Miroslav Baránek ◽  
Samuel Magnús ◽  
Filip Gazdík
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Growth Changes

Even though silicon is frequent compound in soil, its use in plant nutrient media is rare. Based on known physiological role and up to now performed studies it seems that silicon has a good potential to improve growth characteristics of in vitro cultivated plants. Before practical application, however, it is always necessary to assess the optimal conditions of application with regard to the fact that plant reactions to different chemicals added to nutritional media can vary on the species or even cultivar level. The presented study evaluate effects of potassium silicate used in in vitro cultivation media on growth parameters of Prunus persica × Prunus davidiana ‘Cadaman,‘ Prunus × amygdalopersica ‘GF 677‘ and Corylus avellana ‘Tonda di Giffoni‘ genotypes, which are frequently subject of commercial in vitro multiplication. In fact, four different concentrations of potassium silicate was added to the multiplication media, control medium was left silicon-free. Three different characteristics were observed during cultivation – number of new shoots per explant, weight of a new plant and length of new shoots, from which number of new shoots per explant was considered the most important factor. In all cases a positive effects of potassium silicate on the condition and other growth parameters of treated cultures were observed. In ‘Cadaman‘ culture significant growth changes appeared on media with 20 mg.l-1 potassium silicate, which can be recommended for future applications. For ‘GF 677‘ the best results were obtained on media with 2 mg.l-1 which can be recommended for improving condition and number of shoots on new plants. For hazelnut genotype ‘Tonda di Giffoni‘ best results were obtained on media with 10 mg.l-1 of potassium silicate, but also use of 5 mg.l-1 of potassium silicate significantly improved growth parameters. Generally, presented study provides important and practically useful insights into the practical use of silicon in cultivation media designated for commercial in vitro micropropagation.

scholarly journals Effect of Sulphur on Plant Growth & Defense System Against Salinity Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Saima Ibrahim ◽  
Faiza Naz
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Botany Department ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect

The given investigation was undertaken to evaluate the performance of black gram (vigna mungo L.) under different salinity levels (i.e. 50mM, 100mM and 150mM NaCl) and to find out the remedial effect of two doses of S (i.e. 2mM and 4mM) against salinity stress on growth of studied crop by providing tolerance against salinity stress. The experiment was carried out in Botany department, Jinnah University for women, Nazimabad, Karachi, in controlled laboratory condition by using plate culture technique followed as completely randomized design with three replication of each treatment. The observation of given research showed that the percentages of shoot and root length and Fresh and dry seedling weights were higher in control treatment. The low (50mM NaCl) level of salinity treatment had no deleterious effects on plant vegetative growth, while at higher concentration of NaCl (100mM), all the growth parameters were drastically reduced. Both application rates of MgSO4 were found satisfactory to eliminate the negative effect of saline environment inside rhizosphere by promoting plant tolerance against stress thus support treated plants growth and development.

scholarly journals Feasibility of using Problematic Aquatic Weeds in Productive Manner by Generating Vermicompost in Coconut Triangle Area of Sri Lanka

CORD ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
S.H.S. Senarathne
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Salvinia Molesta ◽  
Guinea Grass

Aquatic weeds cause severe productivity loss in agriculture. These plants invade lakes, ponds, rivers, canals and agricultural fields, becoming noxious weeds. The study was conducted at the vermicomposting unit of the Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwila, in the Low country Dry Zone of North Western province of Sri Lanka from August 2012 to May 2013 to find out the feasibility of producing vermicompost from three aquatic weeds; Salvinia molesta, Eichhornia crassipes and Lagenandra toxicaria. Vermicompost and compost were prepared separately from aquatic weeds and Gliricidia and Guinea grass combinations. During the vermicomposting process, growth parameters of earthworms; number of earthworms, was taken in every ten days interval further, physical, chemical and biological properties of compost and vermicompost were analyzed. Experiment was carried out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatment and five replicates in each treatment. Eichhornia and Salvinia recorded the highest adult earthworm number and juvenile number with the lowest mortality rate. Electrical conductivity (6.75 dSm-1), organic carbon (13.21%), phosphorous (3.61%), potassium (5.03%) and calcium (6.12%) were significantly high in Lagenandra toxicaria, Gliricidia and Guinea grass treatment was significantly high in nitrogen content (3.93%) and low in C: N ratio (2.51), compared to aquatic weeds. Salvinia showed comparatively higher nitrogen content and lower C: N ratio among aquatic weeds. Both Eichhornia and Lagenandra showed significantly higher microbial activity. Vermicompost was superior in all the properties compared to compost in the same substrate. The study revealed that aquatic weeds such as Salvinia molesta, Eichhornia crassipes and Lagenandra toxicaria which are readily available in the coconut triangle can be successfully used to produce Vermicompost. It can be concluded that the Vermicompost produced from aquatic weeds locally could be a suitable organic fertilizer for organic coconut farming in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Agarophytes - Gracilaria edulis and Gelidiella acerosa as Biostimulant and Application of Agar for Water-holding in Soil and Plant Growth Promotion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saajida Sultaana Mahusook ◽  
F. Arockiya Aarthi Rajathi ◽  
H. Noorul Samsoon Maharifa ◽  
R. Sharmila
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Agar Gels ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Algal Polysaccharides

Background: Seaweeds and its derivatives are extensively used as biostimulants in horticulture and agriculture as a replacement for chemical fertilizers. G. edulis and G. acerosa are easily cultivable and economically important seaweeds. They are a rich source of phytohormones, amino acids, antibiotics, vitamins, micro, macro elements and agar. Such natural products have great demand and been commercialized these days to promote sustainable agriculture. Dried and finely powdered algal biomass is used directly as a biostimulant. Algal polysaccharides such as agar can be an innovative alternative to synthetic polymers used in horticulture as they contain active biostimulant compounds and also reported to hold water in the soil that aids plant growth with minimum water consumption than usually required. A. aritis being one of the most consumed leafy vegetables throughout the world can be harvested indoors with added nutrients and minimal water utilization.Methods: The field trial is a comparative evaluation of the two selected species of agarophytes for promoting plant (A. aritis) growth and the extracted agar tested for germination tests, bio-stimulatory property under water stress. Growth parameters were recorded after three weeks. The agarophytes were also qualitatively screened for phytochemicals and WD-XRF analysis.Result: The present work will be a supplementary contribution for assessing agarophytes with biostimulant properties and the characteristic agar gels that expand plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, thus constituting an alternative to synthetic plant protection products.

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