scholarly journals Body Composition Findings by Computed Tomography in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: Increased Risk of Muscle Wasting in Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Gualtieri ◽  
Carmela Falcone ◽  
Lorenzo Romano ◽  
Sebastiano Macheda ◽  
Pierpaolo Correale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Imaging Diagnostics ◽  
Increased Risk

Obesity is a characteristic of COVID-19 patients and the risk of malnutrition can be underestimated due to excess of fat: a paradoxical danger. Long ICU hospitalization exposes patients to a high risk of wasting and loss of lean body mass. The complex management precludes the detection of anthropometric parameters for the definition and monitoring of the nutritional status. The use of imaging diagnostics for body composition could help to recognize and treat patients at increased risk of wasting with targeted pathways. COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU underwent computed tomography within 24 h and about 20 days later, to evaluate the parameters of the body and liver composition. The main results were the loss of the lean mass index and a greater increase in liver attenuation in obese subjects. These could be co-caused by COVID-19, prolonged bed rest, the complex medical nutritional therapy, and the starting condition of low-grade inflammation of the obese. The assessment of nutritional status, with body composition applied to imaging diagnostics and metabolic profiles in COVID-19, will assist in prescribing appropriate medical nutritional therapy. This will reduce recovery times and complications caused by frailty.

scholarly journals Interactions between Food and Drugs, and Nutritional Status in Renal Patients: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Claudia D’Alessandro ◽  
Alessia Benedetti ◽  
Antonello Di Paolo ◽  
Domenico Giannese ◽  
Adamasco Cupisti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Definition Of

Drugs and food interact mutually: drugs may affect the nutritional status of the body, acting on senses, appetite, resting energy expenditure, and food intake; conversely, food or one of its components may affect bioavailability and half-life, circulating plasma concentrations of drugs resulting in an increased risk of toxicity and its adverse effects, or therapeutic failure. Therefore, the knowledge of these possible interactions is fundamental for the implementation of a nutritional treatment in the presence of a pharmacological therapy. This is the case of chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which the medication burden could be a problem, and nutritional therapy plays an important role in the patient’s treatment. The aim of this paper was to review the interactions that take place between drugs and foods that can potentially be used in renal patients, and the changes in nutritional status induced by drugs. A proper definition of the amount of food/nutrient intake, an adequate definition of the timing of meal consumption, and a proper adjustment of the drug dosing schedule may avoid these interactions, safeguarding the quality of life of the patients and guaranteeing the effectiveness of drug therapy. Hence, a close collaboration between the nephrologist, the renal dietitian, and the patient is crucial. Dietitians should consider that food may interact with drugs and that drugs may affect nutritional status, in order to provide the patient with proper dietary suggestions, and to allow the maximum effectiveness and safety of drug therapy, while preserving/correcting the nutritional status.

scholarly journals The Association of Obesity and Liver Enzyme Activities in a Student Population at Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease / Veza Između Gojaznosti I Aktivnosti Jetrenih Enzima U Studentskoj Populaciji Sa Povećanim Rizikom Za Nastanak Kardiovaskularnih Bolesti

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Čolak ◽  
Dragana Pap ◽  
Nada Majkić-Singh ◽  
Ivana Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

Summary Background: It has been reported that obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk but also with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is increasing rapidly all over the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of liver enzymes: AST, ALT and γGT in a group of obese students in order to establish their correlation to anthropometric parameters such as: BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), and WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) compared to non-obese students who comprised the control group (CG). Methods: In this study, 238 students from the University of Novi Sad of both sexes (126 men and 112 women) with a mean age of 22.32 ± 1.85 years were included. According to the body mass index (BMI) lower and higher than 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) lower and higher than 94 cm (80 cm for females) the whole group of 238 students was divided into 2 subgroups: the obese group at increased risk for CVD (Group 1) and the group at lower risk for CVD (Group 2). AST, ALT and γGT activities were determined in fasting blood samples. Results: Statistical processing data revealed significantly higher values of AST, ALT and γGT in the group of students with BMI>25 kg/m2, WC>94 cm for males and WC>80 cm for females, HC>108 cm for males and HC>111 cm for females, and WHR>0.90 for males and WHR>0.80 for females (P<0.001). Significant association was established between anthropometric parameters and liver enzyme levels (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Obese students with higher BMI, WC, HC and WHR values have higher liver enzyme activites and a higher chance to develop NAFLD in the future.

scholarly journals Uremic Sarcopenia and Its Possible Nutritional Approach

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Annalisa Noce ◽  
Giulia Marrone ◽  
Eleonora Ottaviani ◽  
Cristina Guerriero ◽  
Francesca Di Daniele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition

Uremic sarcopenia is a frequent condition present in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and is characterized by reduced muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Uremic sarcopenia is related to an increased risk of hospitalization and all-causes mortality. This pathological condition is caused not only by advanced age but also by others factors typical of CKD patients such as metabolic acidosis, hemodialysis therapy, low-grade inflammatory status and inadequate protein-energy intake. Currently, treatments available to ameliorate uremic sarcopenia include nutritional therapy (oral nutritional supplement, inter/intradialytic parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, high protein and fiber diet and percutaneous endoscopic gastrectomy) and a personalized program of physical activity. The aim of this review is to analyze the possible benefits induced by nutritional therapy alone or in combination with a personalized program of physical activity, on onset and/or progression of uremic sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Body Composition Analysis and Biochemical Nutritional Markers in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Luciana Carmen Nitoi ◽  
Valeriu Ardeleanu ◽  
Anca Pantea Stoian ◽  
Lavinia Alexandra Moroianu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Arterial Line ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body

Several approaches have been used to assess protein-energy wasting syndrome, such as clinical evaluation, biochemical nutritional markers, anthropometric measurements, but Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) techniques hold a central place in clinical settings. The aim of this study is to report our clinical experience with BIA and the correlations between biochemical nutritional markers and BIA nutritional parameters in hemodialysis (HD) patients associating or free of chronic liver disease. This cross-sectional observational study included 69 HD patients divided into two groups: 33 with chronic liver disease (CLD+) versus 36 chronic liver disease-free (CLD-) from one HD unit in Romania. Serum albumin (SA), serum creatinine (SCr) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were obtained from the HD arterial line immediately before the HD session and by BIA the body composition including total body water (TBW), total body fat (TBF), lean fat free mass(LFFM), body muscular mass (BMM), malnutrition index and body protein reserve (PR) were assessed. No significant differences between groups were found in BCM, BMM, PR and TBF (p = 0.92, p = 0.60, p = 0.907, and p = 0.634, respectively). Malnutrition index had a significantly higher mean value in HD-CLD(+) patients (p = 0.00). HD-CLD(-) group showed a strong correlation between SA and SCr and BCM, BMM (kg), LFFM (kg) and body PR (kg) (r=.48, r=.50, r=.44, r=.50; resp. r=.42, r=.40, r=.36, r=.42). In HD-CLD(+) patients, a significant positive correlation was found between SA and SCr and LFFM and body PR (r=.37, r=.35; resp. r=.44, r=.35). Discussion: BIA is one of the most accurate techniques for assessing nutritional status and should be regularly used in clinical practice along with biochemical nutritional markers in HD patients. Although the protein metabolism depends to a large extent on liver function, CLD cannot be considered as having a significant impact on nutritional status in HD patients.

P1828Aortic calcification detected by computed tomography and aortic vulnerable plaques: aortic angioscopy study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kojima ◽  
Y Ebuchi ◽  
S Migita ◽  
T Morikawa ◽  
T Mineki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Suspected Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aortic Calcification ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Vulnerable Plaques ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Atheromatous Plaques

Abstract Background Aortic calcification is associated with atherosclerotic risk factors and an increased risk of death and cardiovascular disease. However, the relationships aortic calcification and aortic plaque instability are not yet elucidated. Recently, some reports showed non-obstructive aortic angioscopy seemed to visualize atherosclerotic changes of aortic wall more clearly compared with computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether aortic calcification is associated with aortic vulnerable plaques in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods We investigated 60 consecutive patients with confirmed or suspected coronary artery disease who underwent both aortic angioscopy and CT. The AC volume (ACV) was measured using the volume-rendering method by extracting the area >130 HU within the whole aorta. ACV index (ACVI) was defined as ACV divided by the body surface area. We evaluated the number of ruptured plaque (RP), ulceration and fissure by aortic angioscopy in the whole aorta. We excluded 4 hemodialysis patients. All patients were divided into the median value of ACVI. Results The mean age of patients was 68±10. The median of ACVI was 10.7 ml/m2 [3.9–22.7]. High ACVI patients had significantly greater number of RP, ulceration and atheromatous plaques detected by aortic angioscopy compared with those of low ACVI (2.2±2.7 vs 0.8±1.1, p=0.033, 1.6±1.2 vs 0.9±1.0, p=0.041, 4.0±3.1 vs 1.9±1.8, p=0.009, respectively). Furthermore, the patients without aortic calcification did not have RP at all. In a multivariate model, the number of the atheromatous plaques was independently associated with high ACVI (odds ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.07–2.69, p=0.018) Conclusions Aortic calcification detected by CT was related to aortic vulnerable plaques in patients with cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Safety and Feasibility of Fasting-Mimicking Diet and Effects on Nutritional Status and Circulating Metabolic and Inflammatory Factors in Cancer Patients Undergoing Active Treatment

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4013
Author(s):  
Francesca Valdemarin ◽  
Irene Caffa ◽  
Angelica Persia ◽  
Anna Laura Cremonini ◽  
Lorenzo Ferrando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Factors

In preclinical studies, fasting was found to potentiate the effects of several anticancer treatments, and early clinical studies indicated that patients may benefit from regimes of modified fasting. However, concerns remain over possible negative impact on the patients’ nutritional status. We assessed the feasibility and safety of a 5-day “Fasting-Mimicking Diet” (FMD) as well as its effects on body composition and circulating growth factors, adipokines and cyto/chemokines in cancer patients. In this single-arm, phase I/II clinical trial, patients with solid or hematologic malignancy, low nutritional risk and undergoing active medical treatment received periodic FMD cycles. The body weight, handgrip strength and body composition were monitored throughout the study. Growth factors, adipokines and cyto/chemokines were assessed by ELISA. Ninety patients were enrolled, and FMD was administered every three weeks/once a month with an average of 6.3 FMD cycles/patient. FMD was largely safe with only mild side effects. The patients’ weight and handgrip remained stable, the phase angle and fat-free mass increased, while the fat mass decreased. FMD reduced the serum c-peptide, IGF1, IGFBP3 and leptin levels, while increasing IGFBP1, and these modifications persisted for weeks beyond the FMD period. Thus, periodic FMD cycles are feasible and can be safely combined with standard antineoplastic treatments in cancer patients at low nutritional risk. The FMD resulted in reduced fat mass, insulin production and circulating IGF1 and leptin. This trial was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov in July 2018 with the identifier NCT03595540.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anthropometric parameters and body composition in children with cerebral palsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
R. F. Rakhmaeva ◽  
A. A. Kamalova ◽  
V. A. Ayupova
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often develop nutritional disorders, their incidence reaches 80% (according to the literature data).Purpose. To analyze the frequency of nutritional disorders and features of nutritional status in children with CP.Characteristics of children and research methods. We studied the anthropometric indicators (weight, height, body mass index, triceps and subscapular skin fold thickness), physical development characteristics depending on the motor abilities of the child according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System scale and body composition by bioelectrical impedance.Results. Nutritional status disorders were detected in 88.8% of patients, while the diagnostic was based on a reduced physical development in 55.5% of patients. 22.2% of patients had protein-energy deficiency of the first degree, 15.5% of patients had protein-energy deficiency of the second degree, 6.7% of patients had protein-energy deficiency of the third degree, 11.1% of patients suffered from overweight. Besides, nutritional disorders were diagnosed in 33.3% of patients with normal physical development, but with altered body composition, namely, with the imbalance of fat and lean body weight, the isolated increase of the percentage of fat mass, the decrease of active cellular and musculoskeletal weight. These patients also require nutritional correction.Conclusion. These data confirm the dependence of physical development and body composition on the patient’s motor activity and demonstrate the need for complex comprehensive study of nutritional status in children with CP.

scholarly journals Studies on the Body Composition and Nutritional Status

1958 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
S. Nagamine ◽  
T. Kuga ◽  
K. Yamakawa ◽  
S. Oshima ◽  
S. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals Hormonal, metabolic and nutritional alterations in smokers: emergency for smoking abstinence

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gláucia Renata Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Marcela Melquíades ◽  
Maria Alvim Leite ◽  
Maíra Barros Louro ◽  
Carmen Perches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Fasting Glycemia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The University

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biochemical and nutritional status of smokers in treatment for smoking cessation and its association with anthropometric parameters. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with convenience sample. Adult smokers were assessed at the start of treatment in the Interdisciplinary Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CIPIT/HU-UFJF). We evaluated the body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI); waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fat (%BF), fasting glycemia, cortisol, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides (TG) and metabolic syndrome (MS). RESULTS: Most participants (52.2%) had MS and high cardiovascular risk. The fasting glycemia was abnormal in 30.4%. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and WC (r = 0.90; p = 0.0001), %BF (r = 0.79; p = 0.0001), CI (r = 0.65; p = 0.0001), glycemia (r = 0.42; p = 0.04) and TG (r = 0.47; p = 0.002). The CI presented positive correction with insulin (r = 0.60; p = 0.001), glycemia (r = 0.55; p = 0.007), TG (r = 0.54; p = 0.008) and %BF (r = 0.43; p = 0.004). Patients with longer duration of smoking had a higher risk of developing MS (OR = 9.6, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: The smokers evaluated had increased risk for developing MS, especially those with longer duration of smoking, requiring urgent smoking cessation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document