Resveratrol Favors Adhesion and Biofilm Formation of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei Strain ATCC334

Bacterial strains of the Lactobacillaceae family are widely used as probiotics for their multifaceted potential beneficial properties. However, no official recommendations for their clinical use exist since, in many cases, oral administrations of these bacteria displayed limited beneficial effects in human. Additional research is thus needed to improve the efficiency of existing strains with strong potential. In this context, we assess in vitro the effects of nine polyphenols to stimulate biofilm formation by lactobacilli, a feature enhancing their functionalities. Among these polyphenols, we identify trans-Resveratrol (referred to hereafter as Resveratrol) as a potent inducer of biofilm formation by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (formerly designated as Lactobacillus paracasei) ATCC334 strain. This effect is strain-dependent and relies on the enhancement of L. paracasei adhesion to abiotic and biotic surfaces, including intestinal epithelial cells. Mechanistically, Resveratrol modify physico-chemical properties of the bacterial surface and thereby enhances L. paracasei aggregation, subsequently facilitating adhesion and biofilm development. Together, our in vitro data demonstrate that Resveratrol might be used to modulate the behavior of Lactobacilli with probiotic properties. Combination of probiotics and polyphenols could be considered to enhance the probiotic functionalities in further in vivo studies.

Download Full-text

Phenolic Acids Exert Anticholinesterase and Cognition-Improving Effects

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205014666171128102557 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 531-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dominik Szwajgier ◽

Ewa Baranowska-Wojcik ◽

Kamila Borowiec

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Acids ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Amyloid Β Peptide ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Aβ Fibrils

Numerous authors have provided evidence regarding the beneficial effects of phenolic acids and their derivatives against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, the role of phenolic acids as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is discussed, including the structure-activity relationship. In addition, the inhibitory effect of phenolic acids on the formation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils is presented. We also cover the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies concerning the prevention and treatment of the cognitive enhancement.

Download Full-text

Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA): A New Possible Adjuvant Treatment in COVID-19 patients

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14040336 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 336

Author(s):

Annalisa Noce ◽

Maria Albanese ◽

Giulia Marrone ◽

Manuela Di Lauro ◽

Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adjuvant Treatment ◽

Pulmonary Involvement ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Pharmacological Treatments ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide ◽

Potential Use

The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 100,000,000 cases of coronavirus infection in the world in just a year, of which there were 2 million deaths. Its clinical picture is characterized by pulmonary involvement that culminates, in the most severe cases, in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, COVID-19 affects other organs and systems, including cardiovascular, urinary, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Currently, unique-drug therapy is not supported by international guidelines. In this context, it is important to resort to adjuvant therapies in combination with traditional pharmacological treatments. Among natural bioactive compounds, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) seems to have potentially beneficial effects. In fact, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized an ongoing clinical trial with ultramicronized (um)-PEA as an add-on therapy in the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In support of this hypothesis, in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and pain-relieving effects of PEA, especially in its um form. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential use of um-PEA as an adjuvant treatment in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Download Full-text

Selective Targeting of Epigenetic Readers and Histone Deacetylases in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11050336 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 336

Author(s):

Mohammed Ghiboub ◽

Ahmed M. I. Elfiky ◽

Menno P. J. de Winther ◽

Nicola R. Harker ◽

David F. Tough ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histone Deacetylases ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Selective Inhibition ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and bromodomain-containing proteins (BCPs) play a key role in chromatin remodeling. Based on their ability to regulate inducible gene expression in the context of inflammation and cancer, HDACs and BCPs have been the focus of drug discovery efforts, and numerous small-molecule inhibitors have been developed. However, dose-limiting toxicities of the first generation of inhibitors, which typically target multiple HDACs or BCPs, have limited translation to the clinic. Over the last decade, an increasing effort has been dedicated to designing class-, isoform-, or domain-specific HDAC or BCP inhibitors, as well as developing strategies for cell-specific targeted drug delivery. Selective inhibition of the epigenetic modulators is helping to elucidate the functions of individual epigenetic proteins and has the potential to yield better and safer therapeutic strategies. In accordance with this idea, several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the ability of more selective HDAC/BCP inhibitors to recapitulate the beneficial effects of pan-inhibitors with less unwanted adverse events. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances with these strategies, discussing advantages and limitations of these approaches as well as some therapeutic perspectives, focusing on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Download Full-text

Health Beneficial Effects of Moomiaii in Traditional Medicine

Galen Medical Journal ◽

10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1743 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1743

Author(s):

Solmaz Rahmani Barouji ◽

Amir Saber ◽

Mohammadali Torbati ◽

Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Fazljou ◽

Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

English Language ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Language Studies ◽

Health Complications

raditional medicine (TM) that developed over the years within various societies consists of medical experimental knowledge and practices, which apply natural methods and compounds for general wellness and healing. Moomiaii as a pale-brown to blackish-brown natural exudate is one of the natural compounds in traditional medicine that has been used over 3000 years in many countries of the world especially in India, China, Russia, Iran, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and Kirgizstan. We reviewed all English-language studies about Moomiaii that we accessed them. In traditional medicine, many beneficial activities have been attributed to Moomiaii and to its main constituents, Humic acid and Fulvic acid, which are widely used to prevent and treatment of different diseases. Some modern scientific investigations showed that Moomiaii as a safe dietary supplement can be beneficial in various health complications. Even though the beneficial effects of Moomiaii have been confirmed in traditional and modern medicine, it seems that additional in-vitro/in-vivo studies and comprehensive clinical trials are necessary to explain the whole mechanisms of action and to determine the effective doses in various diseases. We discuss and clarify the claimed health beneficial effects of Moomiaii in some wide-spread diseases regarding its anti-ulcerogenic, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, antioxidative and anticancer properties. [GMJ.2020;9:e1743]

Download Full-text

Progress to Improve Oral Bioavailability and Beneficial Effects of Resveratrol

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20061381 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 1381 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Adele Chimento ◽

Francesca De Amicis ◽

Rosa Sirianni ◽

Maria Sinicropi ◽

Francesco Puoci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Dispersions ◽

Aqueous Solubility ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Lipid Nanocarriers ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

Neuroprotective Actions ◽

Synthetic Derivatives

Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene; RSV) is a natural nonflavonoid polyphenol present in many species of plants, particularly in grapes, blueberries, and peanuts. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that in addition to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and neuroprotective actions, it exhibits antitumor properties. In mammalian models, RSV is extensively metabolized and rapidly eliminated and therefore it shows a poor bioavailability, in spite it of its lipophilic nature. During the past decade, in order to improve RSV low aqueous solubility, absorption, membrane transport, and its poor bioavailability, various methodological approaches and different synthetic derivatives have been developed. In this review, we will describe the strategies used to improve pharmacokinetic characteristics and then beneficial effects of RSV. These methodological approaches include RSV nanoencapsulation in lipid nanocarriers or liposomes, nanoemulsions, micelles, insertion into polymeric particles, solid dispersions, and nanocrystals. Moreover, the biological results obtained on several synthetic derivatives containing different substituents, such as methoxylic, hydroxylic groups, or halogens on the RSV aromatic rings, will be described. Results reported in the literature are encouraging but require additional in vivo studies, to support clinical applications.

Download Full-text

Phytoestrogens: Dietary Intake, Bioavailability, and Protective Mechanisms against Colorectal Neoproliferative Lesions

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081709 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1709 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maria Teresa Viggiani ◽

Lorenzo Polimeno ◽

Alfredo Di Leo ◽

Michele Barone

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Natural Substances

Phytoestrogens are natural substances that have been extensively studied for their beneficial effect on human health. Herein, we analyzed the data of the literature on the role of phytoestrogens in the prevention of colorectal neoproliferative lesions (CNL). Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on CNL mainly depend on their ability to bind estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in the intestinal mucosa and counter ER-alpha (ERα) activity. Epidemiological data demonstrate a correlation between the low prevalence of CNL in Eastern populations and the consumption of soy products (phytoestrogen-enriched diet). However, both observational and interventional studies have produced inconclusive results. In our opinion, these discrepancies depend on an inadequate evaluation of phytoestrogen intake (dietary questionnaires were not aimed at establishing phytoestrogen intake) and absorption (depending mainly on the intestinal microbiota of the analyzed subjects). For this reason, in the present review, we performed an overview of phytoestrogen dietary intake and metabolism to offer the reader the opportunity for a better interpretation of the literature. Future prospective trials focusing on the protective effect of phytoestrogens against CNL should take into account both their dietary intake and absorption, considering the effective role of the intestinal microbiota.

Download Full-text

Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties of liquid crystal monomers and their detection in indoor residential dust

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1915322116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (52) ◽

pp. 26450-26458 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Huijun Su ◽

Shaobo Shi ◽

Ming Zhu ◽

Doug Crump ◽

Robert J. Letcher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystal ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Liquid Crystal Displays ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Indoor Environments ◽

Initial Screening ◽

Environmental Matrices ◽

The World

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are used widely in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), which are dramatically changing the world due to the provision of convenient communication. However, there are essentially no published reports on the fate and/or effects of LCMs in the environment. Of 362 currently produced LCMs, 87 were identified as persistent and bioaccumulative (P&B) chemicals, which indicated that these chemicals would exhibit resistance to degradation and exhibit mobility after entering the environment. Following exposure to mixtures of LCM collected from 6 LCD devices, significant modulation of 5 genes,CYP1A4,PDK4,FGF19,LBFABP, andTHRSP, was observed in vitro. Modulation of expressions of mRNAs coding for these genes has frequently been reported for toxic (T) persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In LCM mixtures, 33 individual LCMs were identified by use of mass spectrometry and screened for in 53 samples of dust from indoor environments. LCMs were detectable in 47% of analyzed samples, and 17 of the 33 LCMs were detectable in at least 1 sample of dust. Based on chemical properties, including P&B&T of LCMs and their ubiquitous detection in dust samples, the initial screening information suggests a need for studies to determine status and trends in concentrations of LCMs in various environmental matrices as well as tissues of humans and wildlife. There is also a need for more comprehensive in vivo studies to determine toxic effects and potencies of LCMs during chronic, sublethal exposures.

Download Full-text

Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides as An Anti-cancer Agent

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520617666171113121246 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 667-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Didem Sohretoglu ◽

Shile Huang

Keyword(s):

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Water Soluble ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Anticancer Effects ◽

Bioactive Component ◽

Cancer Agent ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been used for centuries in Asian countries to treat various diseases and to promote health and longevity. Clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of G. lucidum as an alternative adjuvant therapy in cancer patients without obvious toxicity. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) is the main bioactive component in the water soluble extracts of this mushroom. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that GLP possesses potential anticancer activity through immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects. Here, we briefly summarize these anticancer effects of GLP and the underlying mechanisms.

Download Full-text

Early Biofilm Formation on UV Light Activated Nanoporous TiO2SurfacesIn Vivo

International Journal of Biomaterials ◽

10.1155/2018/7275617 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nagat Areid ◽

Eva Söderling ◽

Johanna Tanner ◽

Ilkka Kangasniemi ◽

Timo O. Närhi

Keyword(s):

Titanium Alloy ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Uv Light ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Mutans Streptococci ◽

Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽

Gingival Fibroblast ◽

Biofilm Development

Purpose. To explore earlyS. mutansbiofilm formation on hydrothermally induced nanoporous TiO2surfacesin vivoand to examine the effect of UV light activation on the biofilm development.Materials and Methods. Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy discs (n = 40) were divided into four groups with different surface treatments: noncoated titanium alloy (NC); UV treated noncoated titanium alloy (UVNC); hydrothermally induced TiO2coating (HT); and UV treated titanium alloy with hydrothermally induced TiO2coating (UVHT).In vivoplaque formation was studied in 10 healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. Titanium discs were randomly distributed among the maxillary first and second molars. UV treatment was administered for 60 min immediately before attaching the discs in subjects’ molars. Plaque samples were collected 24h after the attachment of the specimens. Mutans streptococci (MS), non-mutans streptococci, and total facultative bacteria were cultured, and colonies were counted.Results. The plaque samples of NC (NC + UVNC) surfaces showed over 2 times more oftenS. mutanswhen compared to TiO2surfaces (HT + UVHT), with the number of colonized surfaces equal to 7 and 3, respectively.Conclusion. Thisin vivostudy suggested that HT TiO2surfaces, which we earlier showed to improve blood coagulation and encourage human gingival fibroblast attachmentin vitro, do not enhance salivary microbial (mostly mutans streptococci) adhesion and initial biofilm formation when compared with noncoated titanium alloy. UV light treatment provided Ti-6Al-4V surfaces with antibacterial properties and showed a trend towards less biofilm formation when compared with non-UV treated titanium surfaces.

Download Full-text