scholarly journals Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease, with Emphasis on Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, and Heart Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejla Latic ◽  
Reinhold G. Erben
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation

Vitamin D deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency, affecting almost one billion people worldwide. Vitamin D is mostly known for its role in intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineralization. However, the observation of seasonal changes in blood pressure and the subsequent identification of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 1α-hydroxylase in cardiomyocytes, as well as endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, implicated a role of vitamin D in the cardiovascular system. Animal studies provided compelling evidence that vitamin D signaling is essential for cardiovascular integrity, especially for the regulation of vascular tone and as an antifibrotic and antihypertrophic signaling pathway in the heart. In addition, observational studies reported an association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. However, recent clinical intervention studies failed to prove the causal relationship between vitamin D supplementation and beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. In this review, we aim to highlight our current understanding of the role of vitamin D in the cardiovascular system and to find potential explanations for the large discrepancies between the outcome of experimental studies and clinical intervention trials.

scholarly journals Assessment of vitamin D among Sudanese Patients with Hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 057-061
Author(s):  
Hasna Osman Fadalla Mohamed ◽  
Omer Fadol Edris ◽  
Gad Allah Modawe ◽  
Suhair Abdelrahman Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Control Hospital ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Thyroid Profile ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health issue and its role as an immune modulator has recently been emphasized. Evidence increasingly indicates the important role of vitamin D in reducing the incidence of autoimmune diseases. However, at this time the search for its role in autoimmune diseases and thyroid is not critical. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency in Sudanese patients with hypothyroidism. Methods: Analytical case control hospital based study, conducted in Fadil Hospital and Police Hospital, Khartoum city, Khartoum state. The study carried out from March 2018 to September 2018. A total of 100 subjects were enrolled in the study. Vitamin D deficiency was set at levels below 20 ng / ml. Thyroid hormones (TSH, T3 and T4) were assessed in all participants using auto analyzer TOSOH AIA 313,while vitamin D was estimated using ELIZA. The data were analyzed using SPSS version (21). Results: The study included 76(76%) females and 24(24%) males, no significance differences between thyroid profile among study population.75 (75%) deficiency of vitamin D and 25(25%) normal vitamin D. vitamin D deficiency was significantly lower in female than male with( p =0.001). Conclusion: The results indicated that patients with hypothyroidism suffer from vitamin D deficiency significantly associated with the degree and severity of hypothyroidism. This encourages the desirability of vitamin D supplementation and recommends the detection of vitamin D deficiency for all hypothyroidism patients.

Role of vitamin D in neonatal skeletal development in rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (6) ◽  
pp. E725-E730 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Mathews ◽  
R. Brommage ◽  
H. F. DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Skeletal Changes ◽  
Pup Growth

The role of vitamin D in rat pup growth and skeletal development without the influence of nutritional factors was investigated. Pups from vitamin D-replete and vitamin D-deficient dams receiving identical amounts of milk for 20 days were compared. Body weight gain, femur ash content and histomorphometric analyses of diaphysial and distal femur were determined. Up to 20 days of age, growth and skeletal development of the pups were completely normal in the absence of vitamin D. Skeletal changes found in vitamin D deficiency were not observed, i.e., there was no increased volume of osteoid or lack of bone mineralization as demonstrated by tetracycline labeling and ash content. Only increased cortical porosity was found in vitamin D-deficient pups. Therefore, abnormalities previously attributed to vitamin D deficiency in neonatal rats can be corrected by sufficient milk consumption and are thus not a direct function of vitamin D.

scholarly journals VITAMIN D TRENDS IN THE PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDIC POPULATION: A SURVEY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0013
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Williams ◽  
Michael Horan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Orthopaedic Literature ◽  
Pediatric Orthopaedic

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global issue, affecting adults and children of all ages, races and genders. Within the last decade, multiple studies have demonstrated the potential health benefits of vitamin D supplementation including improved bone health, reduced fracture risk, protection from autoimmune disease, and decreased cancer risk. Because of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pediatric populations despite recent evidence of increased vitamin D supplementation in the US, our goal is to assess the knowledge of current vitamin D recommendations among Pediatric Society of North America (POSNA) members. It is our purpose to use the data to increase awareness and understanding of vitamin D amongst all pediatric providers. Methods: Our survey was distributed to 1316 POSNA members via a series of 2 email requests in which they were invited to participate in the survey on the Survey Monkey website. Their participation was entirely voluntary and they agreed to participate by responding positively on the first page of the survey. The data was depersonalized and analyzed via chi square and Fisher’s exact testing. Results: 395 responses were recorded. 9 participants opted out of the survey. 69% of participants rated their vitamin D knowledge as fair to good. 68% of participants have been in practice over ten years and represented most US geographic regions fairly equally. Most estimate that over 25% of their practice is vitamin D deficient with about a 50% compliance rate of supplementation. Over 30% of participants feel vitamin D management is mostly the role of the pediatrician, however 64% of participants discuss or check vitamin D levels in their practice for patients with repeat fractures, medical comorbidities, or nonunions most commonly. Conclusion: Survey participants demonstrated a wide variety of responses indicating their understanding of vitamin D testing and supplementation. Although providers estimate a high deficiency rate, many do not routinely check vitamin D. When they do check, there is no standard indication for testing or supplementation and many believe this to be the role of the pediatrician or endocrinologist. More studies are needed to provide a standardized protocol for vitamin D testing/supplementation in the pediatric orthopaedic literature.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 2460-2474
Author(s):  
Martina Siracusano ◽  
Assia Riccioni ◽  
Roberta Abate ◽  
Arianna Benvenuto ◽  
Paolo Curatolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Core Symptoms

: Vitamin D is a neurosteroid hormone crucially involved in neurodevelopment. Neural cell proliferation, neurotransmission, oxidative stress and immune function represent the main mechanisms mediated by vitamin D in the Central Nervous System. Therefore, its deficiency during pregnancy and early childhood may significantly impact on a developing brain, leading to possible adverse neuropsychological outcomes including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Significant vitamin D deficiency is described within children affected by ASD and in pregnant mothers whose offspring will later develop ASD, suggesting a possible role of the hormone as a contributing risk factor in the etiopathogenesis of ASD. We reviewed the actual literature on the potential contributing role of prenatal and early postnatal vitamin D deficiency in ASD etiopathogenesis, at both genetic and environmental levels, and the possible effect of vitamin D supplementation in autistic children. Conflicting but promising results emerged on the topic. : Further Randomized Controlled Trials studies carried out during pregnancy and early infancy are necessary for better understanding the possible contribution of vitamin D deficiency in the etiopathogenesis of autism and the potential efficacy of the hormone supplementation in the improvement of ASD core symptoms.

scholarly journals A Review on Vitamin D Deficiency Treatment in Pediatric Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yeon Lee ◽  
Tsz-Yin So ◽  
Jennifer Thackray
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Bone Demineralization ◽  
Symptomatic Hypocalcemia

Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and for maintaining bone health in the pediatric population. Vitamin D deficiency may develop from nutritional deficiencies, malabsorption, enzyme-inducing medications, and many other etiologies. It may present as hypocalcemia before bone demineralization at periods of increased growth velocity (infancy and adolescence) because the increased calcium demand of the body cannot be met. In children, inadequate concentrations of vitamin D may cause rickets and/or symptomatic hypocalcemia, such as seizures or tetany. In this review, we will discuss the pharmacology behind vitamin D supplementation, laboratory assessments of vitamin D status, current literature concerning vitamin D supplementation, and various supplementation options for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency in the pediatric population.

scholarly journals Optimal Vitamin D Supplementation Levels for Cardiovascular Disease Protection

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian T. Lugg ◽  
Phillip A. Howells ◽  
David R. Thickett
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Disease Marker ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Randomised Controlled

First described in relation to musculoskeletal disease, there is accumulating data to suggest that vitamin D may play an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review we aim to provide an overview of the role of vitamin D status as both a marker of and potentially causative agent of hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. The role of vitamin D levels as a disease marker for all-cause mortality is also discussed. We review the current knowledge gathered from experimental studies, observational studies, randomised controlled trials, and subsequent systematic reviews in order to suggest the optimal vitamin D level for CVD protection.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Serum Level of Vitamin D and Hypocalcemia After Total Thyroidectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrang Motamed ◽  
Hossein Hemmati ◽  
Mehdi Pursafar ◽  
Mohaya Farzin ◽  
Zakiyeh Jafaryparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Benign Goiter ◽  
Male Patients

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium metabolism through the parathormone-dependent process. The deficiency of this important nutrient may be associated with hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy. To evaluate the role of vitamin D in predicting hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy. In this study, sixty-two patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for benign or malignant thyroid disease were included in this prospective study. Preoperative vitamin D serum levels and parathormone (PTH) levels were determined. The association between preoperative vitamin D status and the development of hypocalcemia was investigated. In this study, 62 patients were evaluated. The mean age of the subjects was 47 years. Of the 62 patients studied, of which 9 were male patients (14.5%), and 53 were female (85.5%), the results of our study showed. In both groups with and without vitamin D deficiency, calcium levels decreased significantly (P=0.01). In our study, it was found that there was no significant relationship between postoperative hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency. (P=0.441). After reviewing the data and according to Spearman correlation statistical test, no significant relationship was observed between serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium after thyroidectomy (P=0.340). Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy for benign goiter. Although post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is multifactorial, vitamin D deficiency, particularly severe form, is significantly associated with the development of biochemical and clinical hypocalcemia. Vitamin D supplementation can prevent this unwanted complication in such patients.

The role of vitamin D in the body

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Grafka ◽  
Maciej Łopucki ◽  
Jarosław Kuna ◽  
Anna Kuna ◽  
Barbara Pęksa
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Pituitary Glands

Vitamin D performs a lot of important functions in the body, and its deficiency is just as harmful as the excess. From its precious properties, we draw primarily in the summer while staying in the sun, while in other seasons you should take care of a appropriate diet and implement vitamin D supplementation. The proper level of vitamin D in the human body results in proper bone mineralization, regulates the endocrine function of the pancreas, adrenal glands, thyroid gland and pituitary glands. It acts as an anti-proliferative factor of some tumor such as melanoma, breast, prostate, colon, and increases differentiation and inhibits apoptosis of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and skin melanocytes. It has an influence on the proper functioning of many systems and regulates the immune response.

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