scholarly journals Metabolism of Melatonin Synthesis-Related Indoles in the Turkey Pineal Organ and Its Modification by Monochromatic Light

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9750
Author(s):  
Kamila Martyniuk ◽  
Maria Hanuszewska ◽  
Bogdan Lewczuk
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Organ ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Indole Metabolism ◽  
Melatonin Synthesis ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

The metabolism of pineal indoles is closely related to alterations in the light and dark phases of a daily cycle. Recent research showed important interspecies differences in the pineal biochemistry, and a strong impact of monochromatic light on many physiological processes in birds. Therefore, the aims of study were to characterize the metabolism of melatonin-synthesis indoles in the pineal organ of the domestic turkey, and to determine the changes occurring in this metabolism under the influence of different wavelengths and intensities of light. For this purpose, 3-week-old turkeys were kept under 16 lx white light, or under blue, green, and red light with intensities of 16, 32, and 64 lx during the photophase, and after 7 d were sacrificed at 4 h intervals. The activities of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes and the contents of indoles were measured in the same pineal organ. The results revealed that the activities of tryptophan hydroxylase and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, and the levels of all tryptophan derivatives had significant daily changes in birds kept under each light condition used. The profile of pineal indole metabolism in 4-week-old turkeys was characterized by high-amplitude rhythms in the activity of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and the contents of N-acetylserotonin and melatonin, equal relative amounts of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and higher content of melatonin than N-acetylserotonin. The monochromatic light significantly modified the pineal indole metabolism, and its effects were dependent on the color and intensity of light. Pronounced changes occurred in the level of serotonin synthesis and the daily rhythm course of melatonin synthesis.

ACTION AND INTERACTION OF MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT ON PHOSPHATE METABOLISM OF GERMINATING LETTUCE SEEDS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 965-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Surrey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Flow ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Phytochrome System ◽  
Lettuce Seed Germination ◽  
Partial Suppression

A previously described photoresponse of lettuce seed germination to red and far-red light is shown to be paralleled by a response of phosphate metabolic activity: (1) When seeds were continuously irradiated, red light accelerated and far-red suppressed their phosphate uptake and esterification. (2) The influence of monochromatic light on phosphate metabolism of seeds, determined after 36 and 64 hours of germination, respectively, indicated maximum potentiation between 550 and 650 mμ, maximum suppression beyond 700 mμ, and partial suppression at 475 mμ. Stimulation was encountered at 400 mμ, but with shorter wavelengths of the ultraviolet spectrum, suppression appeared again. (3) Photoactivation of phosphate metabolism in response to each of the three loci (550, 600, and 650 mμ, i.e., green, orange, and red light, respectively) of the potentiating spectral band was reversed by far-red (750 mμ) light. These activations and inhibitions could be reversed several times in an alternating sequence. Complete reversibility depended entirely upon the magnitudes of the radiant flux for the two counteracting wavelengths, and this was characteristic for each pair of antagonistic wavelengths. In view of the association of phytochrome with the isolated mitochondria and of the specific manner in which their phosphorylation activity is influenced by light, it is suggested that a part of the energy flow required for cellular development may be channeled through the mitochondrial–phytochrome system.

Red-light-induced suppression of melatonin synthesis is mediated byN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation in retinally normal and retinally degenerate rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkhard H. Poeggeler ◽  
Lornell R. Barlow-Walden ◽  
Russel J. Reiter ◽  
Seppo Saarela ◽  
Armando Menendez-Pelaez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Melatonin Synthesis ◽  
Aspartate Receptor

Effects of different monochromatic LED light colours on fear reactions and physiological responses in Mulard ducks

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radi A. Mohamed ◽  
Usama A. Abou-Ismail ◽  
Mustafa Shukry
Keyword(s):  
Tonic Immobility ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
And Performance

Although the effects of monochromatic light on behaviour and performance of birds have been extensively studied, it is not known how rearing Mulard ducks in different monochromatic lights affects their fear reactions, physiological responses to stress and welfare. A total of 108 newly hatched Mulard ducks, representing three replicates, were housed in either blue light (BL), green light (GL), red light (RL) or white light (WL) for 12 weeks. Ducks were exposed to a light/dark schedule of 23 L/1 D, and food and water were provided ad libitum. At the beginning of the 13th week of the rearing period, behavioural measurements of fear were assessed by using a tonic immobility test, open field test and fear of man test. Physiological responses of the birds to stress such as heterophil : lymphocyte ratio, total leukocyte count and plasma concentrations of corticosterone were also assessed. Results demonstrated that birds exposed to both RL and WL displayed higher levels of behavioural indicators of fear including tonic immobility durations (P < 0.01), latency to first immobilisation (P < 0.001) and avoidance of man index (P < 0.001), and higher levels of physiological indicators of stress such as heterophil : lymphocyte ratios (P < 0.001) and plasmas concentrations of corticosterone (P < 0.001), and lower total leukocytic counts (P < 0.01) compared with birds exposed to either BL or GL. Rearing Mulard ducks in BL or GL appeared to reduce their fear reactions and physiological responses to stress and to enhance their ability to cope with the environment and may therefore improve their welfare.

scholarly journals An in vitro cell irradiation protocol for testing photopharmaceuticals and the effect of blue, green, and red light on human cancer cell lines

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Hopkins ◽  
B. Siewert ◽  
S. H. C. Askes ◽  
P. Veldhuizen ◽  
R. Zwier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Irradiation

A LED-based cell irradiation system was built that can irradiate a 96-well plate with monochromatic light at controlled temperature and with a built-in dark control. This system was used to study the response of six human cancer cell lines to blue, green, and red light.

The effects of acute hypercapnia on cerebral indole amine metabolism

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. MacMillan
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Decarboxylase Inhibition ◽  
Amine Metabolism ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

The effects of 1-h exposure to hypercapnia ([Formula: see text], 90–110 mmHg) on cerebral indole amine metabolism were studied in rats by measurement of cerebral hemisphere contents of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). 5-HIAA content was increased after 1-h exposure to hypercapnia, whereas tryptophan, 5-HTP, and 5-HT remained unchanged from control. The accumulation of 5-HTP after decarboxylase inhibition with 3-hydroxybenzyl hydrazine was increased in hypercapnic rats and indicated an increased activity of tryptophan hydroxylase. During the 1-h exposure to hypercapnia there was increased accumulation of 5-HT after monoamine oxidase inhibition with pargyline and increased accumulation of 5-HIAA arter probenecid. The results indicate an increased synthesis and degradation of indole amines in acute hypercapnia.

scholarly journals Influence of light quality on Chlorella growth, photosynthetic pigments and high-valued products accumulation in coastal saline-alkali leachate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-ya Liu ◽  
Yu Hong ◽  
Wen-ping Gu
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Algal Density ◽  
Chlorella Sp

Abstract Using saline-alkali leachate to cultivate microalgae is an effective way to realize the utilization of wastewater and alleviate the shortage of water resources. Light source is usually used as an optimized parameter to further improve the cultivation efficiency of microalgae. In this work, the influence of light qualities on the growth and high-valued substances accumulation of Chlorella sp. HQ in coastal saline-alkali leachate were investigated. The specific growth rate of Chlorella in coastal saline-alkali leachate was 0.27–0.60 d−1. At the end of cultivation, the algal density under blue light reached 8.71 ± 0.15 × 107 cells·mL−1, which was significantly higher than the other light groups. The lipid content in the biomass was 29.31–62.95%, and the highest lipid content and TAGs content were obtained under red light and blue-white mixed light, respectively. Percentages of total chlorophylls (0.81–1.70%) and carotenoids (0.08–0.25%) were obtained in the final biomass of the coastal saline-alkali leachate. In addition, the contents of photosynthetic pigments and three high-valued products under mixed light were higher than those of monochromatic light, and the protein, total sugar and starch content under blue-red mixed light was 1.52–3.76 times, 1.54–3.68 times and 1.06–3.35 times of monochromatic blue light and red light, respectively.

scholarly journals Red-light is an environmental effector for mutualism between begomovirus and its vector whitefly

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e1008770
Author(s):  
Pingzhi Zhao ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Yuqing Gong ◽  
Duan Wang ◽  
Dongqing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Terpene Synthase ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Jasmonate Signaling ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
And Performance

Environments such as light condition influence the spread of infectious diseases by affecting insect vector behavior. However, whether and how light affects the host defense which further affects insect preference and performance, remains unclear, nor has been demonstrated how pathogens co-adapt light condition to facilitate vector transmission. We previously showed that begomoviral βC1 inhibits MYC2-mediated jasmonate signaling to establish plant-dependent mutualism with its insect vector. Here we show red-light as an environmental catalyzer to promote mutualism of whitefly-begomovirus by stabilizing βC1, which interacts with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) transcription factors. PIFs positively control plant defenses against whitefly by directly binding to the promoter of terpene synthase genes and promoting their transcription. Moreover, PIFs interact with MYC2 to integrate light and jasmonate signaling and regulate the transcription of terpene synthase genes. However, begomovirus encoded βC1 inhibits PIFs’ and MYC2’ transcriptional activity via disturbing their dimerization, thereby impairing plant defenses against whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses. Our results thus describe how a viral pathogen hijacks host external and internal signaling to enhance the mutualistic relationship with its insect vector.

scholarly journals Pathway in rat brains under experimental obesity caused long-term progesterone administration

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
A. Aleksandrov ◽  
V. Konopelniuk ◽  
I. Kompanets ◽  
L. Ostapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tryptophan Decarboxylase ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
The Brain

Obesity is one of the most common complex health problem. The pathway of serotonin synthesis takes part in neuroendocrine regulation, as well as in the regulation of a number of behavioral functions of the body and fat deposition. Serotonin is a mediator of the amine nature, which functions as a neurotransmitter and tissue hormone. The greatest amount of serotonin is synthesized in the brain and 12 duodenum. As a neurotransmitter, serotonin affects both directly and indirectly on the function of most brain cells. Female hormone progesterone influence on serotonin functions. One of the effect of progesterone is increasing of amount of fat tissue during the pregnancy. Long-term using of progesterone in hormone substitution therapy or as part of contraception also lead to fat accumulation effect. The levels of activity of serotonergic system enzymes, tryptophan hydroxylase, tryptophan decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase (MAO), and tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in the rat brain under obesity conditions caused by prolonged administration of progesterone were determined in this study. Studies have shown that the content of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the brain of rats under obesity caused by prolonged administration of progesterone increased in comparison with the rats of the control group. The levels of tryptophan hydroxylase and MAO activity decreased, and tryptophan decarboxylase activity levels increased in the rat brain under obesity conditions caused by prolonged administration of progesterone. Thus, as a result of our studies, we found an imbalance in the system of serotonin metabolism in the brain of rats with the development of hormonal obesity induced by prolonged administration of progesterone, which may indicate the involvement of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system in the mechanisms of the development of obesity and concomitant diseases.

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