scholarly journals Curcumin Metabolite Tetrahydrocurcumin in the Treatment of Eye Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Yu-Wen Kao ◽  
Sheng-Kai Hsu ◽  
Jeff Yi-Fu Chen ◽  
I-Ling Lin ◽  
Kuo-Jen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
New Research

Curcumin is one of the most valuable natural products due to its pharmacological activities. However, the low bioavailability of curcumin has long been a problem for its medicinal use. Large studies have been conducted to improve the use of curcumin; among these studies, curcumin metabolites have become a relatively new research focus over the past few years. Additionally, accumulating evidence suggests that curcumin or curcuminoid metabolites have similar or better biological activity than the precursor of curcumin. Recent studies focus on the protective role of plasma tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a main metabolite of curcumin, against tumors and chronic inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, studies of THC in eye diseases have not yet been conducted. Since ophthalmic conditions play a crucial role in worldwide public health, the prevention and treatment of ophthalmic diseases are of great concern. Therefore, the present study investigated the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and neuroprotective effects of THC on four major ocular diseases: age-related cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). While this study aimed to show curcumin as a promising potential solution for eye conditions and discusses the involved mechanistic pathways, further work is required for the clinical application of curcumin.

scholarly journals Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 for Neovascular Eye Diseases: From Biology to Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10279
Author(s):  
Gabriella D. Hartman ◽  
Nathan A. Lambert-Cheatham ◽  
Mark R. Kelley ◽  
Timothy W. Corson
Keyword(s):  
Vision Loss ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Transcription Factor Activation ◽  
Molecule Inhibitor ◽  
Orally Bioavailable ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and other eye diseases are characterized by retinal and/or choroidal neovascularization, ultimately causing vision loss in millions of people worldwide. nvAMD and PDR are associated with aging and the number of those affected is expected to increase as the global median age and life expectancy continue to rise. With this increase in prevalence, the development of novel, orally bioavailable therapies for neovascular eye diseases that target multiple pathways is critical, since current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments, delivered by intravitreal injection, are accompanied with tachyphylaxis, a high treatment burden and risk of complications. One potential target is apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/reduction-oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1). The multifunctional protein APE1/Ref-1 may be targeted via inhibitors of its redox-regulating transcription factor activation activity to modulate angiogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress response and cell cycle in neovascular eye disease; these inhibitors also have neuroprotective effects in other tissues. An APE1/Ref-1 small molecule inhibitor is already in clinical trials for cancer, PDR and diabetic macular edema. Efforts to develop further inhibitors are underway. APE1/Ref-1 is a novel candidate for therapeutically targeting neovascular eye diseases and alleviating the burden associated with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Fluoride to the Pathogenesis of Eye Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Public Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Declan Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Hsp70 Expression ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

This study provides diverse lines of evidence demonstrating that fluoride (F) exposure contributes to degenerative eye diseases by stimulating or inhibiting biological pathways associated with the pathogenesis of cataract, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. As elucidated in this study, F exerts this effect by inhibiting enolase, τ-crystallin, Hsp40, Na+, K+-ATPase, Nrf2, γ -GCS, HO-1 Bcl-2, FoxO1, SOD, PON-1 and glutathione activity, and upregulating NF-κB, IL-6, AGEs, HsP27 and Hsp70 expression. Moreover, F exposure leads to enhanced oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant activity. Based on the evidence presented in this study, it can be concluded that F exposure may be added to the list of identifiable risk factors associated with pathogenesis of degenerative eye diseases. The broader impact of these findings suggests that reducing F intake may lead to an overall reduction in the modifiable risk factors associated with degenerative eye diseases. Further studies are required to examine this association and determine differences in prevalence rates amongst fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities, taking into consideration other dietary sources of F such as tea. Finally, the findings of this study elucidate molecular pathways associated with F exposure that may suggest a possible association between F exposure and other inflammatory diseases. Further studies are also warranted to examine these associations.

scholarly journals Role of intestinal microbiome in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kalogeropoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Katsikatsos ◽  
Konstantinos Dallas ◽  
Soon Wai Ch’ng ◽  
Ioannis Asproudis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
English Language ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Age Related

Background: The microbiome is strongly linked to many extra-intestinal disorders. Gut commensal microbiota, in particular, plays an active role in human immune and intestinal homeostasis. Complex interactions of the microbiota with host genetics and other underlying factors lead to intestinal dysbiosis, which is thought to be linked to ocular inflammatory diseases. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the role of intestinal microbiome in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: A thorough literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, limited to English language publications, from January 2004 to March 2020. An additional search was made employing Google Scholar to complete the collected data as per the above-mentioned time-line and language limitations. The main keywords used included age-related macular degeneration, microbiome, dysbiosis, autoimmunity, gut microbiota, epigenetics, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, and gut-retina axis. Results: Recent studies have proposed the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of AMD. Changes in the microbiome have been shown to trigger several ocular inflammatory processes. There is increasing evidence demonstrating that intestinal microbial imbalance may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Conclusions: This review summarizes how alterations in the intestinal microbiota can be associated with the pathogenesis of AMD and how new therapeutic modalities can be designed to target this microbiome to limit the severe nature of this disease. Future advances in microbiome research may unveil a new era in understanding and managing AMD.

scholarly journals Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptorγin Ocular Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Gu ◽  
Nan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays an important role in the control of a variety of physiological processes. The last decade has witnessed an increasing interest for the role played by the agonists of PPARγin antiangiogenesis, antifibrosis, anti-inflammation effects and in controlling oxidative stress response in various organs. As the pathologic mechanisms of major blinding diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), keratitis, and optic neuropathy, often involve neoangiogenesis and inflammation- and oxidative stress-mediated cell death, evidences are accumulating on the potential benefits of PPARγto improve or prevent these vision threatening eye diseases. In this paper we describe what is known about the role of PPARγin the ocular pathophysiological processes and PPARγagonists as novel adjuvants in the treatment of eye diseases.

The Role of Lutein in Eye Health

2010 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samanta Maci ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Light Function

Lutein and zeaxanthin are oxycarotenoids that are naturally present in the typical human diet. They are the only two dietary carotenoids selectively deposited in the macula lutea, where they are referred to as the macular pigment (MP), and in the eye lens. The rationale for the protective role of lutein in the eye stems from its ability to filter short wavelengths of visible blue light, function as an antioxidant and stabilise membrane integrity. These functions are believed to play an important role in reducing light-induced oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen intermediates and involved in the pathogenesis of age-related degenerative disease such as age-related macular degeneration and cataract. Recent research is now paying particular attention to the blue-light-filtering properties of lutein and zeaxanthin and to the role of MP in improving visual performance.

Macular Pigment Optical Density in Macular Health and Visual Function

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Samanta Maci ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Macular Pigment ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age Related

Extensive research has described the biological and optical characteristics of the macular pigment (MP) and has confirmed its composition and dietary origin. Epidemiological and intervention trials support the protective role of MP in the retina as well as its positive effects on visual function in healthy individuals in addition to patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The amount of MP in the macula can be assessed by measuring a surrogate optical indicator, macular pigment optical density (MPOD). New evidence from recently published clinical trials and a European consensus roundtable have confirmed that MPOD can be increased by increasing the ingestion of lutein and zeaxanthin and that MPOD increase benefits macular health and visual function. On balance, this recent evidence suggests a critical role of MP in eye health as well as the importance of assessing if adequate levels of the dietary macular carotenoids are regularly consumed in order to ensure proper availability for deposition into the macula.

scholarly journals The Role of Fish Oil in Inflammatory Eye Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Bruce P. Daggy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Consumption of fish oil is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases and also reduces the severity of many other inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorders. The beneficial effects are attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), found in fish oils. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects was long thought to be by modulating the production of proinflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Recent advances in research into the novel lipid mediators (resolvins, protectins, and maresins) derived from EPA and DHA and their role in the resolution of inflammation have shed new light on the pleiotropic nature of these fatty acids. In this review, we focus on the effects of EPA and DHA from fish oil in the treatment of two common inflammatory eye diseases - dry eye disease and age-related macular degeneration. Evidence from recent studies lends support to a role of fish oil in the treatment of these two eye diseases.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity and Neuroprotective Role of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Supplementation in Eye Diseases That Can Lead to Blindness: A Narrative Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
María Lafuente ◽  
María Elena Rodríguez González-Herrero ◽  
Stéphanie Romeo Villadóniga ◽  
Joan Carles Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Age Related

The objective of this narrative review is to provide updated evidence, based on data from experimental and clinical studies, of the prominent role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) for a number of crucial mechanisms involved in counteracting cell damage induced by oxidative stress in eye diseases. This article is focused on the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which have been assessed in different experimental models and clinical studies, particularly in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma that are the most common eye diseases leading to severe vision loss. The mechanisms involved in the role of DHA in protecting human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress as well as the interaction with glutathione (GSH) are also described. The review is intended to provide novel and salient findings supporting the rationale of the use of dietary supplementation with high-dose DHA (1050 mg/day) in the form of triglyceride as a potent antioxidant compound for improving the eye health. However, the overall clinical evidence for the use of dietary strategies based on supplementation with n-3 PUFAs in eye diseases linked to oxidative stress other than high-dose DHA triglyceride is both limited and inconsistent.

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