scholarly journals The Potential Role of REG Family Proteins in Inflammatory and Inflammation-Associated Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7196
Author(s):  
Chao Sun ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Yangyang Hui ◽  
Hirokazu Fukui ◽  
Bangmao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Colitic Cancer ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Regenerating gene (REG) family proteins serve as multifunctional secretory molecules with trophic, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and probably immuno-regulatory effects. Since their discovery, accumulating evidence has clarified the potential roles of the REG family in the occurrence, progression and development of a wide range of inflammatory and inflammation-associated diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, significant gaps still exist due to the undefined nature of certain receptors, regulatory signaling pathways and possible interactions among distinct Reg members. In this narrative review, we first describe the structural features, distribution pattern and purported regulatory mechanisms of REG family proteins. Furthermore, we summarize the established and proposed roles of REG proteins in the pathogenesis of various inflammation-associated pathologies of the GI tract and the body as a whole, focusing particularly on carcinogenesis in the ulcerative colitis—colitic cancer sequence and gastric cancer. Finally, the clinical relevance of REG products in the context of diagnosis, treatment and prognostication are also discussed in detail. The current evidence suggests a need to better understanding the versatile roles of Reg family proteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory-associated diseases, and their broadened future usage as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers is anticipated.

Using serum biomarkers for identifying unstable carotid plaque: update of current evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areti Sofogianni ◽  
Konstantinos Tziomalos ◽  
Triantafyllia Koletsa ◽  
Apostolos G. Pitoulias ◽  
Lemonia Skoura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Great Proportion ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Current Evidence

: Carotid atherosclerosis is responsible for a great proportion of ischemic strokes. Early identification of unstable or vulnerable carotid plaques and therefore of patients at high risk for stroke is of significant medical and socioeconomical value. We reviewed the current literature and discuss the potential role of the most important serum biomarkers in identifying patients with carotid atherosclerosis who are at high risk for atheroembolic stroke.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Feral Birds and their Potential Role in Interspecies Transmission

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz-ul- Rahman ◽  
Momena Habib ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Domestic Poultry ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction:Newcastle Disease (ND), caused by Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV 1, avulaviruses), is a notifiable disease throughout the world due to the economic impact on trading restrictions and its embargoes placed in endemic regions. The feral birds including aquatic/migratory birds and other wild birds may act as natural reservoir hosts of ND Viruses (NDVs) and may play a remarkable role in the spread of the virus in environment. In addition, other 19 avulaviruses namely: AAvV 2 to 20, have been potentially recognized from feral avian species.Expalantion:Many previous studies have investigated the field prevailing NDVs to adapt a wide range of susceptible host. Still the available data is not enough to declare the potential role of feral birds in transmission of the virus to poultry and/or other avian birds. In view of the latest evidence related to incidences of AAvVs in susceptible avian species, it is increasingly important to understand the potential of viruses to transmit within the domestic poultry and other avian hosts. Genomic and phylogenomic analysis of several investigations has shown the same (RK/RQRR↓F) motif cleavage site among NDV isolates with same genotypes from domestic poultry and other wild hosts. So, the insight of this, various semi-captive/free-ranging wild avian species could play a vital role in the dissemination of the virus, which is an important consideration to control the disease outbreaks. Insufficient data on AAvV 1 transmission from wild birds to poultry and vice versa is the main constraint to understand about its molecular biology and genomic potential to cause infection in all susceptible hosts.Conclusion:The current review details the pertinent features of several historical and contemporary aspects of NDVs and the vital role of feral birds in its molecular epidemiology and ecology.

scholarly journals Autophagy is activated in the ovarian tissue of polycystic ovary syndrome

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Li ◽  
Yue You ◽  
Fang-Fang Bi ◽  
Tie-Ning Zhang ◽  
Jiao Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Response To Stress

The importance of autophagy in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-related metabolic disorders is increasingly being recognized, but few studies have investigated the role of autophagy in PCOS. Here, transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that autophagy was enhanced in the ovarian tissue from both humans and rats with PCOS. Consistent with this, ovarian granulosa cells from PCOS rats showed increases in the autophagy marker protein light chain 3B (LC3B), whereas levels of the autophagy substrate SQSTM1/p62 were decreased. In addition, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was markedly elevated in human PCOS ovarian tissue compared with normal ovarian tissue. Real-time PCR arrays indicated that 7 and 34 autophagy-related genes were down- and up-regulated in human PCOS , Signal-Net, and regression analysis suggested that there are a wide range of interactions among these 41 genes, and a potential network based on EGFR, ERBB2, FOXO1, MAPK1, NFKB1, IGF1, TP53 and MAPK9 may be responsible for autophagy activation in PCOS. Systematic functional analysis of 41 differential autophagy-related genes indicated that these genes are highly involved in specific cellular processes such as response to stress and stimulus, and are linked to four significant pathways, including the insulin, ERBB, mTOR signaling pathways and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. This study provides evidence for a potential role of autophagy disorders in PCOS in which autophagy may be an important molecular event in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

scholarly journals The role of children in the transmission chain of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and update of current evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Suk ◽  
Constantine Vardavas ◽  
Katerina Nikitara ◽  
Revati Phalkey ◽  
Jo Leonardi-Bee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
School Closures ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Index Cases

AbstractDecisions on school closures and on safe schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic should be evidence-based. We conducted a systematic literature review to assess child-to-child and child-to-adult SARS-CoV-2 transmission and to characterise the potential role of school closures on community transmission. 1337 peer-reviewed articles published through August 31, 2020 were screened; 22 were included in this review. The literature appraised provides sufficient evidence that children can both be infected by and transmit SARS-CoV-2 in community, household and school settings. Transmission by children was most frequently documented in household settings, while examples of children as index cases in school settings were rare. Included studies suggested that school closures may help to reduce SARS- CoV-2 transmission, but the societal, economic, and educational impacts of prolonged school closures must be considered. In-school mitigation measures, alongside continuous surveillance and assessment of emerging evidence, will promote the protection and educational attainment of students and support the educational workforce.

scholarly journals Immunity against COVID-19: Potential role of Ayurveda: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-992
Author(s):  
Mula Ram Suthar ◽  
◽  
Manjry Anshumala Barla ◽  
Rakesh Roushan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disease Concept ◽  
First Case ◽  
Modern Perspective

The Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has affected people's lives globally, since first case was detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The coronavirus pandemic has turned the world’s attention to the immune system, the body’s defense mechanism against disease. Concept of Ojas is well explained in all ayurvedic classics, in modern perspective it is considered as immunity (Vyadhikshamatava). Ojas is necessary for well-being of the body, and mind. In Ayurveda textbook, the epidemics and along with their management are discussed under the term of Janapadodhvansa. The preventive and curative treatments for communicable diseases of the Janapadodhvansa (epidemics) are Panchkarma (five bio-purification therapies), Rasayana Chikitsa (rejuvenation treatment), Achara Rasayana (good conducts), and migrate to the place, free from communicable diseases. The intake of all types Rasayanas leads to increase of Ojas and reduce all psychological (mainly stress and emotional) disorder, thereby causes increase immunity responses and help to fight against covid-19. Key Words: Ayurveda, Covid-19, Immunity, Janapadodhvansa, Ojas, Rasayana Chikitsa.

The GCN5: its biological functions and therapeutic potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-257
Author(s):  
Md. Ezazul Haque ◽  
Md. Jakaria ◽  
Mahbuba Akther ◽  
Duk-Yeon Cho ◽  
In-Su Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferases ◽  
Epigenetic Landscape ◽  
General Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lysine Acetyltransferase

Abstract General control non-depressible 5 (GCN5) or lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A) is one of the most highly studied histone acetyltransferases. It acts as both histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and lysine acetyltransferase (KAT). As an HAT it plays a pivotal role in the epigenetic landscape and chromatin modification. Besides, GCN5 regulates a wide range of biological events such as gene regulation, cellular proliferation, metabolism and inflammation. Imbalance in the GCN5 activity has been reported in many disorders such as cancer, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders and neurological disorders. Therefore, unravelling the role of GCN5 in different diseases progression is a prerequisite for both understanding and developing novel therapeutic agents of these diseases. In this review, we have discussed the structural features, the biological function of GCN5 and the mechanical link with the diseases associated with its imbalance. Moreover, the present GCN5 modulators and their limitations will be presented in a medicinal chemistry perspective.

Users’ Attitudes towards Institutional Repository in Jadavpur University: A Critical Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Sambhu Nath Halder ◽  
Suvra Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Academic Institution ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Institutional Repository ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
User Friendly

This paper examines the user-aware of institutional repositories in Jadavpur University. The main objective of this study is to investigate the awareness of Institutional Repository (IR) in an academic institution and different aspects associated with it, such as, software, sources for user’s awareness, motivators for developing a repository, demand of the users in changing paradigms from traditional to digital environment, etc. In the present days, libraries are also adopting the latest technologies to provide best possible services in user friendly form. This paper also describes the potential role of institutional repositories and its easiness and simplicity of use are attracting more patrons in the use of institutional repositories. Only a wide range of user awareness is needed for proper usage of its beauty. Entirely this paper is based on a critical study, which measures the utility of institutional repositories in users’ point of view.

scholarly journals Pacification and Indigenous Struggles in Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tia Dafnos
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Indigenous Resistance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Information Requests

Front-line police operations are deeply entwined with less visible activities – or practices not commonly identified as policing – that are carried out by a wide range of participants as strategies of settler-colonial pacification operating through the organizing logics of security and liberal legalism. Using open source texts and records obtained through access to information requests, this article unmaps some of the contemporary strategies employed by Canadian institutions to pacify Indigenous resistance. As a contribution to the body of work seeking to develop the politics of anti-security, the analysis disrupts the binary categories that animate security logic by examining the public order policing approach of the Ontario Provincial Police, the framing of Indigenous resistance as a security threat, and the integral role of Indian Affairs in securing the settler-state.

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