scholarly journals Cervical Carcinoma: Oncobiology and Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12571
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Volkova ◽  
Pashov A. Ilexander ◽  
Omelchuk N. Nadezhda
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Cervical Carcinogenesis ◽  
New Information ◽  
Antitumour Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods ◽  
The Moment

Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of carcinomas causing morbidity and mortality in women in all countries of the world. At the moment, the oncology, oncobiology, and oncomorphology of cervical cancer are characterized by the accumulation of new information; various molecular biological, genetic, and immunohistochemical methods of investigation of the mechanisms of cervical carcinogenesis are tested and applied; targeted antitumour drugs and diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers are being searched for. Many issues of the etiopathogenesis of cervical cancer have not been sufficiently studied, and the role of many biomarkers characterizing various stages of cervical carcinogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, the target of this review is to systematize and understand several problems in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer and to evaluate the significance and role of biomarkers in cervical carcinogenesis.

PINGVINAS IR PROTĖJAS. Įsivaizdavimas kaip kitybė manyje

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Kristupas Sabolius
Keyword(s):  
Fight Club ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Hollywood Movie

Kitybės klausimas dažniausiai kyla iš ego santykio su kitais arba su pasauliu. Šiame straipsnyje daroma prielaida, kad įsivaizdavimo funkcija ištirpdo subjektą ir jame pačiame atveria intersubjektyvią perspektyvą. Šiuo tikslu sugretinami Sartre’o, Husserlio bei Merleau-Ponty įsivaizdavimo funkcijos tyrimai, kuriuose išryškėja vaizdo kaip iš ego centro išslystančios ribos statusas, ir Holivudo filmo „Kovos klubas“ siužetas. Viename iš šios juostos epizodų pasirodantis pingvinas žymi egologinės schizmos akimirką ir tampa fantazijos apsireiškimu ir įsikūnijimu.Išgryninus žaidybinį, savarankišką ir multiformišką charakterį, galime konstantuoti, kad įsivaizdavimas, jei kalbėtume Kanto terminais, yra ne papildanti tarpinė funkcija, bet transcendentalinio subjekto genezėje atlieka paradoksalų „svetimos vidujybės“ arba „vidinės svetimybės“ vaidmenį. Vaizduotė yra katalizatoriaus, kuris, likdamas šalia, įgalina transcendentalinių formų išsikristalizavimą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: vaizduotė, įsivaizdavimas, fantazija, ego, kitybė, sąmonė.PENGUIN AND PROTEUSImagination as Otherness in meKristupas Sabolius SummaryThe question of Otherness is usually taken into account while discussing the Ego’s relation with Others as well as with the World. This article is based on the premises that the function of phantasy melts the subjectivity, revealing the perspective of intersubjectivity within it. On this purpose Sartre’s, Husserl’s and Merleau-Ponty’s researches on the function of imagination, which elucidate the image as the boundary slipping from the centre of Ego, are compared to the story of Hollywood’ movie „Fight Club“. The penguin, which appears in one of the episodes, registers the moment of egological schism, thus becoming the revelation and incarnation of phantasy. While the playful, autonomous and multiform character of imaginary is cleared out, we can ascertain, speaking in Kantian terms, that it has not a complementary or intermediary function, but, in the genesis of transcendental subject, plays the paradoxical role of „allien innerness“ or „inner alienity“. Thought remaining always beside, imagination is a catalyzer which enables crystallization of transcendental forms.Keywords: imagination, imaginary, phantasy, ego, otherness, consciousness.

The role of programmed cell death ligand-1/ programmed cell death-1 (PD-L1/PD-1) in HPV-induced cervical cancer and potential for their use in blockade therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Quanmei Tu ◽  
Xiangyang Xue ◽  
Xueqiong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Advanced Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1

Background: Cervical cancer induced by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a leading cause of mortality for women worldwide although preventive vaccines and early diagnosis have reduced morbidity and mortality. Advanced cervical cancer can only be treated with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy but outcomes are poor. The median survival for advanced cervical cancer patients is only 16.8 months. Methods: We undertook a structural search of peer-reviewed published studies based on 1). Characteristics of programmed cell death ligand-1/programmed cell death-1(PD-L1/PD-1) expression in cervical cancer and upstream regulatory signals of PD-L1/PD-1 expression, 2). The role of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis in cervical carcinogenesis induced by HPV infection and 3). Whether the PD-L1/PD-1 axis has emerged as a potential target for cervical cancer therapies. Results: One hundred and twenty-six published papers were included in the review, demonstrating that expression of PD-L1/PD-1 is associated with HPV-caused cancer, especially with HPV 16 and 18 which account for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. HPV E5/E6/E7 oncogenes activate multiple signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, STAT3/NF-kB and MicroRNAs, which regulate PD-L1/PD-1 axis to promote HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis. The PD-L1/PD-1 axis plays a crucial role in immune escape of cervical cancer through inhibition of host immune response. creating an "immune-privileged" site for initial viral infection and subsequent adaptive immune resistance, which provides a rationale for therapeutic blockade of this axis in HPV-positive cancers. Currently, Phase I/II clinical trials evaluating the effects of PD-L1/PD-1 targeted therapies are in progress for cervical carcinoma, which provide an important opportunity for the application of anti-PD-L1/anti-PD-1 antibodies in cervical cancer treatment. Conclusion: Recent research developments have led to an entirely new class of drugs using antibodies against the PD-L1/PD-1 thus promoting the body’s immune system to fight the cancer. The expression and roles of the PD-L1/ PD-1 axis in the progression of cervical cancer provide great potential for using PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies as a targeted cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Association of cervical carcinogenesis risk with HPV16 E6 and E7 variants in the Taizhou area, China

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Zhen Dai ◽  
Yi Qiu ◽  
Xing-Hong Di ◽  
Wei-Wu Shi ◽  
Hui-Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Hpv16 E6 ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
E6 And E7

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 accounts for a larger share of cervical cancer and has been a major health problem worldwide for decades. The progression of initial infection to cervical cancer has been linked to viral sequence properties; however, the role of HPV16 variants in the risk of cervical carcinogenesis, especially with longitudinal follow-up, is not fully understood in China. Methods We aimed to investigate the genetic variability of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes in isolates from cervical exfoliated cells. Between December 2012 and December 2014, a total of 310 single HPV16-positive samples were selected from women living in the Taizhou area, China. Sequences of all E6 and E7 oncogenes were analysed by PCR-sequencing assay. Detailed sequence comparison, genetic heterogeneity analyses and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree construction were performed with BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor and MEGA X software. Data for cytology tests and histological diagnoses were obtained from our Taizhou Area Study with longitudinal follow-up for at least 5 years. The relationship between HPV16 variants and cervical carcinogenesis risk was analysed by the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results In this study, we obtained 64 distinct variation patterns with the accession GenBank numbers MT681266-MT681329. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 98.3% of HPV16 variants belong to lineage A, in which the A4 (Asian) sublineage was dominant (64.8%), followed by A2 (12.1%), A1 (11.4%), and A3 (10.0%). The A4 (Asian) sublineage had a higher risk of CIN2+ than the A1–3 (European) sublineages (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.04–6.97, P < 0.05). Furthermore, nucleotide variation in HPV16 E6 T178G is associated with the development of cervical cancer. Conclusion These data could provide novel insights into the role of HPV16 variants in cervical carcinogenesis risk in China.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN TINDAKAN PERSONAL HYGIENE SAATMENSTRUASI PADA REMAJA PUTRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Husni Husni
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

One of the effects is not maintaining hygiene during menstruation is able to hitkankes Rahim neck (cervical). Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO),cervical cancer is the second most cancer in women aged 15-45 years after breast cancer. Noless than 500,000 new cases with 280,000 patient deaths occur each year worldwide.Indonesia was ranked first by the victims died at least 555 women per day and 200,000women annually. This study aims to determine the correlation between knowledge andattitude towards personal hygiene during menstruation action at SMAN 2 Bengkulu City. Thisresearch is descriptive analytic. The number of respondents 84 people with a samplingtechnique that stratified random sampling. Presentation of data is done by using a frequencydistribution table. The collection of data taken using a questionnaire. The data were analyzedusing univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi-Square.The results showed that therespondents are classified as good knowledge of (54.8%), attitude unfavorabel or does notsupport (53.6%), and the biggest acts (52.4%) is good. From the bivariate analysis were foundno correlation between knowledge against acts of personal hygiene during menstruation (p =0.794), and no relation attitude towards personal hygiene actions during menstruation (p =0.975).Required role of schools, educators, parents to be more proactive in enhancingknowledge and useful information about the process of menstruation and how to maintainhygiene during menstruation.

scholarly journals Self-concept of cervical cancer patients after chemotheraphy in Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Nur Azizah Indriastuti ◽  
Riski Oktafia ◽  
Novika Riswanti
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
The Impact

Cervical cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer that attacks women in the world. One of the treatment efforts for cancer is chemotherapy. Patients with cervical cancer who receive chemotherapy more than twice will experience impaired self-concept. This study aims to determine self-concept in cervical cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy in Yogyakarta. This research uses qualitative method with phenomenology approach. Data collection is done with interview and observation. Participants totaling five people were determined by purposive sampling. The validity of the data used source triangulation and checked the data back to the participants. Analysis of data were by comparing among categories, marking and describing descriptively. The results of the study are 6 themes, namely physical changes, emotional changes, changes in sexual relations, changes in relationships with family, changes in the role of parenting and social changes in society. The impact of chemotherapy causes various changes in cervical cancer patients which make the self-concept of cervical cancer patients undergo changes

ПУШКИНСКИЙ ДОМ РАН КАК АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ТЕМЫ «ПРАВОСЛАВИЕ И РУССКАЯ КУЛЬТУРА». 1991–2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Алексей Маркович Любомудров
Keyword(s):  
Academic Development ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Official Status

Статья посвящена тридцатилетней истории изучения религиозных аспектов русской литературы под эгидой Пушкинского Дома. Детально описаны зарождение, цели и состав участников ежегодных конференций «Православие и русская культура», позволивших сказать новое слово об историческом взаимодействии веры и светского творчества. Становление исследований проходило в обстановке противодействия сил, занимавших позиции безоценочного релятивизма и откровенного антихристианства. В работе показано, как стихийно сложившийся в Институте русской литературы центр изучения православных парадигм отечественной словесности в 2008 году получил официальный статус и за годы своего существования подготовил десятки трудов, собраний сочинений классиков, сотни публикаций. Подчеркнута объединяющая и консолидирующая роль пушкинодомцев в академической разработке данной темы. The article is devoted to the thirty-year history of studying the religious aspects of Russian literature at the basis of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House). The origin, goals and participants of the annual conferences «Orthodoxy and Russian Culture», which provided new information about the historical interaction of faith and secular creativity, are described in details. The formation of the research took place in the atmosphere of confrontation between forces whose positions were relativistic and distinctly anti-christian. The work shows how the spontaneously established Center for the study of the Orthodox paradigm of Russian literature received its own official status in 2008. By the moment the Center has prepared hundreds of publications as well as collective works of classics. The unifying and consolidating role of researchers of Pushkin House in the academic development of subject mentioned above is emphasized.

scholarly journals Questioning orthodoxy

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
DAVID WALTON
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Anthropogenic Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Original Question ◽  
The Moment

Recently hearing Fred Singer from the USA lecture on what he perceives to be the uncritical ways in which global change has been attributed to anthropogenic effects reminded me of the importance we should attach to those who question our current beliefs. For Fred it was not sufficient that the IPCC had engaged many of the best scientific brains in the world to reach the existing consensus; they might all be wrong because the original question or assumption was wrong. Fred was strongly challenged by the audience of Antarctic scientists, not least because some of his quotations were selective in order to initiate discussion. And we know that there are areas of considerable weakness amongst the several proxies used to compute the rate of temperature change, that we have only poorly quantified and modelled the role of clouds, energy transfer between the oceans and atmosphere, water vapour as a greenhouse gas and that we have yet to be certain that the Global Climate Models really do have all the most significant driving variables. So the IPCC conclusions are drawn on the best available evidence with complementary patterns derived from several different approaches and constitute the best we can do at the moment.

Marxism, Religion and the Taiping Revolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Boer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Interpretation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Revolution

This study offers a specific interpretation of the Taiping Revolution in China in the mid-nineteenth century. It was not only the largest revolutionary movement in the world at the time, but also one that was inspired by Christianity. Indeed, it marks the moment when the revolutionary religious tradition arrived in China. My account of the revolution stresses the role of the Bible, its radical reinterpretation by the Taiping revolutionaries, and the role it played in their revolutionary acts and reconstruction of economic and social relations. After providing this account, I raise a number of implications for Marxist approaches to religion. These involve the revolutionary religious tradition, first identified by Engels and established by Karl Kautsky, the question of political ambivalence of a religion like Christianity, and the distinction between ontological and temporal transcendence.

Possible Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for the Management of Cervical Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Sombeer Sharma ◽  
Aakash Deep ◽  
Avtar C. Rana ◽  
Monu Yadav ◽  
Arun K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
E7 Gene ◽  
Cervical Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Protein ◽  
The World ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
E6 And E7

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the world due to unusual extension of cervical cell. Cervical cancer occurs due to exposure of HPV (Human papillomavirus). According to WHO, it is the 4th most ordinary cancer in women. In 2018, approx 6.6% of population was affected around the world and 570,000 new cases were reported. In low and middle-income countries, 90% of cervical cancer deaths occur. Methods: Despite various factors that cause cervical cancer are included exposure to HPV, dysregulation of CASPASE enzyme, elevated expression of IAPs (Inhibitor apoptotic protein), E6 and E7 gene of HPV, inhibition of p53, BAK, p16 upregulation, CDK-inactivation causing cervical cancer, role of VEGF, role of estrogen and its receptor in cervical cancer. Results: Cervical cancer can be screened by Pep test. There are various therapies that can be used to treat cervical cancer. As these therapies have various side effects, so the world is moving to herbal formulations to treat cervical cancer. Conclusion: In this study, we will discuss cervical cancer, its cause, symptoms, pathophysiology and treatments. Early screening and detection can help in reducing the overall burden of cervical cancer in the near future.

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