Evaluation of wild barley species as possible sources of drought tolerance for arid environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Barati ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Fateme Mostafavi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
Maryam Safari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Barley Genotypes

AbstractIn this study, agro-morphological and yield-related traits associated with drought tolerance in 80 barley genotypes belonging to 15 wild species together with the cultivated one, and their potential to improve adaptation to different levels of drought stress conditions (moisture environments) were studied. There was significant genetic variation among the genotypes and species for all of the measured traits, as well as differential responses of genotypes across environments. The results indicated high variation for grain yield (GY) under drought stress among the genotypes, and that some of the wild genotypes had consistently superior specific adaptation to the water stress conditions. The genotypes belong to wild barley species, especially Hordeum murinum and Hordeum marinum had lower GY but relatively higher yield stability under different environments. Traits such as number of seed per plant and hundred kernel weight were positively correlated with GY in all of the environments. High negative correlation between GY and days to ripening was observed only under intense drought environment, showing drought escape as a strategy of wild plants under highly stressed conditions. Grouping of the genotypes by principal component analysis completely separated cultivated barley and its progenitor (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) from other wild genotypes; however, the other wild species were slightly separated from each other. In addition, the Iranian and foreign genotypes did not completely separate from each other. The identified wild barley genotypes with favourable characters and high drought tolerance could be used in genetic studies and barley improvement programmes especially for drought stress.

scholarly journals Response of Tibetan Wild Barley Genotypes to Drought Stress and Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci by Genome-Wide Association Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Mian Zhang ◽  
Man-Man Fu ◽  
Cheng-Wei Qiu ◽  
Fangbin Cao ◽  
Zhong-Hua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Dart Markers ◽  
Tibetan Wild Barley ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Tibetan wild barley has been identified to show large genetic variation and stress tolerance. A genome-wide association (GWA) analysis was performed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for drought tolerance using 777 Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers and morphological and physiological traits of 166 Tibetan wild barley accessions in both hydroponic and pot experiments. Large genotypic variation for these traits was found; and population structure and kinship analysis identified three subpopulations among these barley genotypes. The average LD (linkage disequilibrium) decay distance was 5.16 cM, with the minimum on 6H (0.03 cM) and the maximum on 4H (23.48 cM). A total of 91 DArT markers were identified to be associated with drought tolerance-related traits, with 33, 26, 16, 1, 3, and 12 associations for morphological traits, H+K+-ATPase activity, antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble protein content, and potassium concentration, respectively. Furthermore, 7 and 24 putative candidate genes were identified based on the reference Meta-QTL map and by searching the Barleymap. The present study implicated that Tibetan annual wild barley from Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is rich in genetic variation for drought stress. The QTLs detected by genome-wide association analysis could be used in marker-assisting breeding for drought-tolerant barley genotypes and provide useful information for discovery and functional analysis of key genes in the future.

scholarly journals Evaluation of drought tolerance of triticale (xTriticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) genotypes along with bread wheat and barley genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Seyyed Hamid Reza RAMAZANI ◽  
Ali IZANLOO
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Barley Genotypes

<p>The effects of drought stress on morphological and yield traits of six different genotypes of triticale along with wheat and barley were studied. The experiment was conducted in agricultural college of Sarayan, University of Birjand in 2016-2017 growing season. Experiment was a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with drought stress in main plots and eight mentioned genotypes in subplots in three replications. Results of analysis of variance and means comparison analysis showed significant and negative effect of drought stress on grain yield and biological yield of all investigated genotypes. There was significant difference among investigated genotypes of triticale, wheat, and barley for grain yield under drought stress at 1 % probability level. Pazh genotype of triticale was found as the most drought tolerance genotype, among all investigated genotypes, based on almost all drought tolerance indexes. The highest significant correlation with grain yield was related to biological yield, harvest index, spike/shoot ratio, height and straw yield. GGE biplot analysis of genotypes based on their Yp and Ys showed that Pazh, Jualino, and Sanabad genotypes of triticale had more trends to Ys principal component than ET-89-11 line, wheat, and barley genotypes, therefore show more tolerance to drought stress.</p>

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Drought Stress Responsive microRNAs in Tibetan Wild Barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2795
Author(s):  
Cheng-Wei Qiu ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Xue Feng ◽  
Peng-Fei Hao ◽  
Xiaoyan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Tibetan Wild Barley ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Drought stress is a major obstacle to agricultural production. Tibetan wild barley with rich genetic diversity is useful for drought-tolerant improvement of cereals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in controlling gene expression in response to various environment perturbations in plants. However, the genome-wide expression profiles of miRNAs and their targets in response to drought stress are largely unknown in wild barley. In this study, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced drought stress hydroponic experiment was performed, and the expression profiles of miRNAs from the roots of two contrasting Tibetan wild barley genotypes XZ5 (drought-tolerant) and XZ54 (drought-sensitive), and one cultivated barley Tadmor (drought-tolerant) generated by high-throughput sequencing were compared. There were 69 conserved miRNAs and 1574 novel miRNAs in the dataset of three genotypes under control and drought conditions. Among them, seven conserved miRNAs and 36 novel miRNAs showed significantly genotype-specific expression patterns in response to drought stress. And 12 miRNAs were further regarded as drought tolerant associated miRNAs in XZ5, which mostly participate in gene expression, metabolism, signaling and transportation, suggesting that they and their target genes play important roles in plant drought tolerance. This is the first comparation study on the miRNA transcriptome in the roots of two Tibetan wild barley genotypes differing in drought tolerance and one drought tolerant cultivar in response to PEG treatment. Further results revealed the candidate drought tolerant miRNAs and target genes in the miRNA regulation mechanism in wild barley under drought stress. Our findings provide valuable understandings for the functional characterization of miRNAs in drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

scholarly journals Identification of Two Novel Wheat Drought Tolerance-Related Proteins by Comparative Proteomic Analysis Combined with Virus-Induced Gene Silencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinbo Wang ◽  
Yanhua Xu ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Yongzhe Ren ◽  
Zhiqiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Comparative Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Related Proteins

Drought is a major adversity that limits crop yields. Further exploration of wheat drought tolerance-related genes is critical for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in this crop. Here, comparative proteomic analysis of two wheat varieties, XN979 and LA379, with contrasting drought tolerance was conducted to screen for drought tolerance-related proteins/genes. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was used to verify the functions of candidate proteins. A total of 335 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were exclusively identified in the drought-tolerant variety XN979. Most DAPs were mainly involved in photosynthesis, carbon fixation, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and several other pathways. Two DAPs (W5DYH0 and W5ERN8), dubbed TaDrSR1 and TaDrSR2, respectively, were selected for further functional analysis using VIGS. The relative electrolyte leakage rate and malonaldehyde content increased significantly, while the relative water content and proline content significantly decreased in the TaDrSR1- and TaDrSR2-knock-down plants compared to that in non-knocked-down plants under drought stress conditions. TaDrSR1- and TaDrSR2-knock-down plants exhibited more severe drooping and wilting phenotypes than non-knocked-down plants under drought stress conditions, suggesting that the former were more sensitive to drought stress. These results indicate that TaDrSR1 and TaDrSR2 potentially play vital roles in conferring drought tolerance in common wheat.

Identification of drought stress tolerance in wild species germplasm of rice based on leaf and root morphology

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Neelam ◽  
Gurpreet K. Sahi ◽  
Kishor Kumar ◽  
Kuldeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa

AbstractDrought is the major abiotic constraint to the rice production in the rain-fed areas across Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Wild species of Oryza offer a wide spectrum of adaptive traits and can serve as potential donors of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. At the Punjab Agricultural University, we are maintaining an active collection of 1630 accessions of wild species germplasm (AA, CC, BBCC and CCDD) of rice. These accessions were screened to assess genetic variation for drought tolerance under field conditions. Severe water stress was imposed at the late vegetative stage by withholding water initially for 25 d and then extended further to 35 d during kharif season in the years 2013–14 and 2015–16. The tolerance score for drought stress was based on the extent of leaf rolling and leaf drying. Based on the 2 years’ data, seven accessions from Oryza rufipogon, four from Oryza longistaminata and one each from Oryza officinalis and Oryza latifolia were found tolerant to drought stress. These selected accessions were further phenotype for root morphology. The average root length among the selected accessions ranges between 36 and 80 cm and the number of primary roots vary from 30 to 87 cm. The O. rufipogon accession IRGC 106433, O. longistaminata accession IRGC 92656A, O. officinalis accession IRGC 101152 and O. latifolia accession IRGC 80769 showed approximately 2–2.5 times longer root length and number than the indica rice elite cultivar PR121. The results indicated potentiality of selected wild species germplasm for conferring drought tolerance to the elite cultivars.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity of Upland Rice Roots and Their Influence on Rice Growth and Drought Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Pang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Diqiu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Microbial Resources

Among abiotic stresses, drought is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth. To increase their drought tolerance and survival, most plants interact directly with a variety of microbes. Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a rice ecotype that differs from irrigated ecotype rice; it is adapted to both drought-stress and aerobic conditions. However, its root microbial resources have not been explored. We isolated bacteria and fungi from roots of upland rice in Xishuangbanna, China. Four hundred sixty-two endophytic and rhizospheric isolates (337 bacteria and 125 fungi) were distributed. They were distributed among 43 genera on the basis of 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis. Notably, these root microbes differed from irrigated rice root microbes in irrigated environments; for example, members of the Firmicutes phylum were enriched (by 28.54%) in the roots of the upland plants. The plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential of 217 isolates was investigated in vitro. The PGP ability of 17 endophytic and 10 rhizospheric isolates from upland rice roots was evaluated under well-irrigated and drought-stress conditions, and 9 fungal strains increased rice seedling shoot length, shoot and root fresh weight (FW), antioxidant capability, and proline (Pro) and soluble sugar contents. Our work suggests that fungi from upland rice roots can increase plant growth under irrigated and drought-stress conditions and can serve as effective microbial resources for sustainable agricultural production in arid regions.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Insights into Potassium-Conferred Drought Stress Tolerance in Cultivated and Tibetan Wild Barley: Differential Osmoregulation, Nutrient Retention, Secondary Metabolism and Antioxidative Defense Capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13100
Author(s):  
Shafaque Sehar ◽  
Muhammad Faheem Adil ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
Paul Holford ◽  
Fangbin Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Tibetan Wild Barley ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Activity Enhancement ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Keeping the significance of potassium (K) nutrition in focus, this study explores the genotypic responses of two wild Tibetan barley genotypes (drought tolerant XZ5 and drought sensitive XZ54) and one drought tolerant barley cv. Tadmor, under the exposure of polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress. The results revealed that drought and K deprivation attenuated overall plant growth in all the tested genotypes; however, XZ5 was least affected due to its ability to retain K in its tissues which could be attributed to the smallest reductions of photosynthetic parameters, relative chlorophyll contents and the lowest Na+/K+ ratios in all treatments. Our results also indicate that higher H+/K+-ATPase activity (enhancement of 1.6 and 1.3-fold for shoot; 1.4 and 2.5-fold for root), higher shoot K+ (2 and 2.3-fold) and Ca2+ content (1.5 and 1.7-fold), better maintenance of turgor pressure by osmolyte accumulation and enhanced antioxidative performance to scavenge ROS, ultimately suppress lipid peroxidation (in shoots: 4% and 35%; in roots 4% and 20% less) and bestow higher tolerance to XZ5 against drought stress in comparison with Tadmor and XZ54, respectively. Conclusively, this study adds further evidence to support the concept that Tibetan wild barley genotypes that utilize K efficiently could serve as a valuable genetic resource for the provision of genes for improved K metabolism in addition to those for combating drought stress, thereby enabling the development of elite barley lines better tolerant of abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Pengaruh biostimulan terhadap toleransi kekeringan dan pertumbuhan tanaman tebu varietas Kidang Kencana di rumah kaca (Effect of biostimulants on drought tolerance and growth of sugarcane var. Kidang Kencana at green house)

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Mutiara AMANAH ◽  
Soekarno Mismana PUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Segment Number ◽  
Increasing Demand

Increasing productivity and sugar yield of sugarcane are required to meet the increasing demand for sugar. Biostimulants application is one of the effort to increase the productivity and rendement of sugar, especially at drought stress conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of biostimulants on the performance of sugarcane var. Kidang Kencana known susceptible to drought stress. The research was conducted in the greenhouse with several biostimulant treatments i.e. P0: Control, P1: Citorin-R, P2: Citorin-R and Citorin-S (1x spray) P3: Citorin-R and Citorin -S (2x spray), P4: Citorin-R, Citorin-S (1x spray) and Humic Acid, P5: Citorin-R, Citorin-S (1x spray), Humic Acid and Mycorrhiza, P6: Citorin-R, Citorin-S (2x spray), Humic Acid and Mycorrhiza. All treatments were subjected with drought stress started from 4 months after planting. The biostimulant treatments resulted in better growth and yield on treated-biostimulan compared to these of control. The best treatment for the vegetative growth and the productive parameters was P6. The plant height, stems diameter, segment number, weight, and sap volume at P6 were respectively 32.2%, 5.5%, 24.0%, 53.2% and 44.7% higher than the control. The best treatment for the sugar yield was P5 and the productivity parameters was P6 respectively, 42.5% and 70.5% higher than the control. The best treatments contained Citorin biostimulant. Humic Acid and Mycorrhiza which increased growth and sugar yield of Kidang Kencana sugarcane at drought stress conditions.[Keywords: drought stress Kidang Kencana variety, plant biostimulant, productivity, sugar yield]. AbstrakPeningkatan produktivitas dan rendemen gula tanaman tebu diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gula yang terus meningkat. Aplikasi biostimulan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan rendemen gula khususnya pada kondisi tercekam kekeringan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian beberapa produk biostimulan terhadap produktivitas tanaman tebu varietas Kidang Kencana yang rentan cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca dengan perlakuan beberapa perlakuan biostimulan pada tanaman tebu, yaitu P0: Kontrol, P1: Citorin-R, P2: Citorin-R dan Citorin-S (1x semprot) P3: Citorin-R dan Citorin-S (2x semprot), P4: Citorin-R, Citorin-S (1x semprot) dan Asam Humat, P5: Citorin-R, Citorin-S (1x semprot), Asam Humat dan Mikoriza, P6: Citorin-R, Citorin-S (2x semprot), Asam Humat dan Mikoriza. Seluruh perlakuan diberi kondisi cekaman kekeringan pada 4 bulan setelah tanam. Perlakuan biostimulan memberikan pengaruh serta hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol baik fase vegetatif maupun produktif. Perlakuan terbaik selama fase vegetatif hingga 5 bulan setelah tanam adalah P6. Tinggi batang panen, diameter batang panen, jumlah ruas batang, bobot batang dan volume nira pada P6 meningkat 32,2%, 5,5%, 24,0%, 53,2% dan 44,7% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perlakuan terbaik untuk parameter rendemen gula adalah P5 dan produktivitas gula adalah P6, masing-masing 42,5% dan 70,5% lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan terbaik tersebut mengandung komponen biostimulan yaitu Citorin, Asam Humat dan Mikoriza yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan rendemen gula tanaman tebu Kidang Kencana pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan. [Kata kunci: cekaman kekeringan, varietas Kidang Kencana, biostimulan tanaman, produktivitas, rendemen gula].

scholarly journals Drought Effects on Growth, Water Content, and Organic Osmoprotectants in Promising Almond Genotypes with Different Drought Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Gohari ◽  
Ali Imani ◽  
AliReza Talaei ◽  
Vahid Abdossi ◽  
Mohamad Reza Asghari
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Drought Adaptation ◽  
Genotype A

Abstract Background Almonds ( Prunus amygdalus Batsch, syn. P. dulcis (Mill.) DA Webb) is a valuable nut crops species that is widely is cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, due to drought tolerance and dehydration under drought stress. Almonds show physiological adaptations for survival in drought stress conditions, but the degree Drought adaptation varies between cultivars. However, to date, its morphological and physiological responses to drought, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study was aimed to investigate the morphological and physiological changes of almond genotypes under drought stress. almond genotypes were planted in pots and subjected to four levels of soil water treatments: above 80% (control), 60% (light stress), and 40% (severe stress) of field capacity. Results Within the total stress period (0–30 days), almond genotypes grew rapidly in the light stress, whereas severe stress had a negative impact on growth. So that, in this study, 10 selected almond genotypes using some morphological traits such as: plant height, trunk diameter at the top of the graft, new branch growth length, leaf yellowness and some physiological indicators under drought stress conditions such as Chlorophyll index was evaluated based on SPAD criterion, relative leaf water content, measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and Organic Osmoprotectants to identify drought-resistant and sensitive genotypes under drought stress conditions. Among the selected genotypes studied, genotype A-7-100 was the most resistant and genotype A-124-1 was the most sensitive to drought stress. Conclusions Our results show that almond genotypes adapt to drought mainly by avoidance mechanisms, and its morphological and physiological characteristics are inhibited under severe stress, However, the degree of drought adaptation varies between different cultivars. These findings might help limited water resources to be fully used for increased the percentage of kernel and finally increased the growth and yield of plants under water stress.

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