scholarly journals Breaking the Chains of Open Innovation: Post-Blockchain and the Case of Sensorica

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Pazaitis
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Strategic Option ◽  
User Communities ◽  
Interfirm Relations ◽  
Established Firms ◽  
Coordination Patterns

Open innovation is a concept in flux; from the practice of large-scale, internet-mediated collaboration, to a strategic option and business model for firms. However, the scope and breadth of its transformative dynamic is arguably restrained. Despite the theoretical and empirical benefits of openness, established firms face significant challenges deploying the coordination patterns of open innovation communities, further reducing the potential of spill-overs in the supply chain. Viewed differently, open innovation presents more user-centric and responsible innovation paths. These are manifested in the processes and outputs of open innovation by empowering participation and by successfully employing the capacities of user communities. To reap the benefits of open innovation, a rapid reconfiguration of the production and exchange structures is needed in intrafirm and interfirm relations. Sensorica is an open enterprise that achieves such forms of organization and a unique techno-social infrastructure supporting them. It illustrates a potential path that can realize the full potential of open innovation, for users, firms, and the economic system as a whole.

Creating a local food procurement community of practice: The Alberta Flavour Learning Lab

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Beckie ◽  
Leanne Hedberg ◽  
Jessie Radies
Keyword(s):  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
City Region ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
Common Framework

In order for local food initiatives (LFIs) to have a transformative effect on the larger food system, greater levels of economic, organizational and physical scale are needed. One way for LFIs to reach the scale necessary to generate a more significant impact is through increased institutional procurement of local foods. But how do people and organizations come together to generate the social infrastructure required to shift food purchasing practices and processes? This field report shares the story of an innovative community of practice consisting of institutional food buyers, large-scale distributors, regional retailers, processors, producers, researchers, municipal and provincial government representatives within the Edmonton city-region that formed for the express purpose of “creating a positive community impact by getting more local foods on more local plates”. In describing the formation and first three years of the Alberta Flavour Learning Lab we examine the unique characteristics of this community of practice that has aided the development of a common framework for learning, understanding and joint action. In addition to the accomplishments to date, we also discuss the challenges faced by the Learning Lab and the strategies used to overcome them.  

scholarly journals Graphene-Based Artificial Synapses with Tunable Plasticity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
He Wang ◽  
Nicoleta Cucu Laurenciu ◽  
Yande Jiang ◽  
Sorin Cotofana
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Synaptic Weight ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Back Gate ◽  
Input Spike

Design and implementation of artificial neuromorphic systems able to provide brain akin computation and/or bio-compatible interfacing ability are crucial for understanding the human brain’s complex functionality and unleashing brain-inspired computation’s full potential. To this end, the realization of energy-efficient, low-area, and bio-compatible artificial synapses, which sustain the signal transmission between neurons, is of particular interest for any large-scale neuromorphic system. Graphene is a prime candidate material with excellent electronic properties, atomic dimensions, and low-energy envelope perspectives, which was already proven effective for logic gates implementations. Furthermore, distinct from any other materials used in current artificial synapse implementations, graphene is biocompatible, which offers perspectives for neural interfaces. In view of this, we investigate the feasibility of graphene-based synapses to emulate various synaptic plasticity behaviors and look into their potential area and energy consumption for large-scale implementations. In this article, we propose a generic graphene-based synapse structure, which can emulate the fundamental synaptic functionalities, i.e., Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) and Long-Term Plasticity . Additionally, the graphene synapse is programable by means of back-gate bias voltage and can exhibit both excitatory or inhibitory behavior. We investigate its capability to obtain different potentiation/depression time scale for STDP with identical synaptic weight change amplitude when the input spike duration varies. Our simulation results, for various synaptic plasticities, indicate that a maximum 30% synaptic weight change and potentiation/depression time scale range from [-1.5 ms, 1.1 ms to [-32.2 ms, 24.1 ms] are achievable. We further explore the effect of our proposal at the Spiking Neural Network (SNN) level by performing NEST-based simulations of a small SNN implemented with 5 leaky-integrate-and-fire neurons connected via graphene-based synapses. Our experiments indicate that the number of SNN firing events exhibits a strong connection with the synaptic plasticity type, and monotonously varies with respect to the input spike frequency. Moreover, for graphene-based Hebbian STDP and spike duration of 20ms we obtain an SNN behavior relatively similar with the one provided by the same SNN with biological STDP. The proposed graphene-based synapse requires a small area (max. 30 nm 2 ), operates at low voltage (200 mV), and can emulate various plasticity types, which makes it an outstanding candidate for implementing large-scale brain-inspired computation systems.

Structure Controlled Synthesis of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Using Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Gwan Hahm ◽  
Young-Kyun Kwon ◽  
Ahmed Busnaina ◽  
Yung Joon Jung
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Due to their unique one-dimensional nanostructure along with excellent mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) become a promising material for diverse nanotechnology applications. However, large-scale and structure controlled synthesis of CNTs still have many difficulties due to the lack of understanding of the fundamental growth mechanism of CNTs, as well as the difficulty of controlling atomic-scale physical and chemical reactions during the nanotube growth process. Especially, controlling the number of graphene wall, diameter, and chirality of CNTs are the most important issues that need to be solved to harness the full potential of CNTs. Here we report the large-scale selective synthesis of vertically aligned single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and double walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) by controlling the size of catalyst nanoparticles in the highly effective oxygen assisted thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. We also demonstrate a simple but powerful strategy for synthesizing ultrahigh density and diameter selected vertically aligned SWNTs through the precise control of carbon flow during a thermal CVD process.

scholarly journals Technology Acceptance in Healthcare: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10537
Author(s):  
Adi A. AlQudah ◽  
Mostafa Al-Emran ◽  
Khaled Shaalan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Healthcare Technologies

Understanding the factors affecting the use of healthcare technologies is a crucial topic that has been extensively studied, specifically during the last decade. These factors were studied using different technology acceptance models and theories. However, a systematic review that offers extensive understanding into what affects healthcare technologies and services and covers distinctive trends in large-scale research remains lacking. Therefore, this review aims to systematically review the articles published on technology acceptance in healthcare. From a yield of 1768 studies collected, 142 empirical studies have met the eligibility criteria and were extensively analyzed. The key findings confirmed that TAM and UTAUT are the most prevailing models in explaining what affects the acceptance of various healthcare technologies through different user groups, settings, and countries. Apart from the core constructs of TAM and UTAUT, the results showed that anxiety, computer self-efficacy, innovativeness, and trust are the most influential factors affecting various healthcare technologies. The results also revealed that Taiwan and the USA are leading the research of technology acceptance in healthcare, with a remarkable increase in studies focusing on telemedicine and electronic medical records solutions. This review is believed to enhance our understanding through a number of theoretical contributions and practical implications by unveiling the full potential of technology acceptance in healthcare and opening the door for further research opportunities.

scholarly journals MEGATRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL INNOVATION NETWORKS

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rylach
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Global Innovation

Under the megatrend, we mean large-scale technological, economic, social, political changes that occur slowly, but in the long run, when they are rooted, they substantially and permanently affect most of the processes in society. Such relative stability in the trajectory of the main forces of change can predict some elements of medium and long-term future changes. The article investigates such megatrends of the development of global innovation networks as the structural nature of the global innovation system, the development of systemic interconnections in the field of innovation, the interaction of national innovation systems and global, the internationalization of innovation activity, and the paradigm of "open innovation". The methodological principles and structural elements of the concept of the national innovation system are determined in the paper, the connection of national innovation systems with the phenomenon of internationalization of the innovation sphere is explored. The theoretical principles of the phenomenon of internationalization of innovation activity are investigated, as well as the preconditions for the emergence of the concept of "open innovation" and its current trends have been established. The concept of open innovation is an important precondition for the emergence and functioning of global innovation networks. The paper analyzes the genesis and specificity of the phenomenon of global innovation networks, outlines their structure and dynamics. It has been determined that global innovation networks play an important role in the development of the modern world economy, as they stimulate international cooperation in the innovation sphere, transfer of knowledge to the world economy and general scientific and technological development and growth of world production.

scholarly journals The Co-Construction of Energy Provision and Everyday Practice: Integrating Heat Pumps in Social Housing in England

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis P Judson ◽  
Sandra Bell ◽  
Harriet Bulkeley ◽  
Gareth Powells ◽  
Stephen Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
The North

Challenges of energy security, low carbon transitions, and electricity network constraints have led to a shift to new, efficient technologies for household energy services. Studies of such technological innovations usually focus on consumer information and changes in behaviour to realise their full potential. We suggest that regarding such technologies in existing energy provision systems opens up questions concerning how and why such interventions are delivered. We argue that we must understand the ways by which energy systems are co-constituted through the habits and expectations of households, their technologies and appliances, alongside arrangements associated with large-scale socio-technical infrastructures. Drawing on research with air-source-to-water heat pumps (ASWHP), installed as part of a large trans-disciplinary, utility-led research and demonstration project in the north of England, we investigate how energy services provision and everyday practice shapes new technologies uptake, and how such technologies mediate and reconfigure relations between users, providers and infrastructure networks. While the installation of ASWHP has led to role differentiation through which energy services are provided, the space for new forms of co-provision to emerge is limited by existing commitments to delivering energy services. Simultaneously, new forms of interdependency emerge between users, providers and intermediaries through sites of installation, instruction, repair and feedback. We find that although new technologies do lead to the rearrangement of practices, this is often disrupted by obduracy in the conventions and habits around domestic heating and hot water practices that have been established in relation to existing systems of provision. Rather being simply a matter of increasing levels of knowledge in order to ensure that such technologies are adopted effi ciently and effectively, our paper demonstrates how systemic arrangements of energy provision and everyday practice are co-implicated in socio-technical innovation by changing the nature of energy supply and use.

scholarly journals Cellular effects of gliotoxin: Evaluation of a proteomic, isotope-based method to detect reactive cysteines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sven Sondhauss
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Disulfide Bridge ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Cysteine Modification ◽  
Affinity Tag ◽  
Cell Vitality

<p>Cysteinyl residues in proteins are important for many cellular processes and unregulated modification of the cysteine thiol group can have negative effects on cell vitality and viability. In this thesis, the potential for use of the isotope coded affinity tag (ICAT) method for detection of cysteine modification has been investigated. ICAT reagents label free cysteine thiols. The aim of this study was to use HL-60 cells treated with gliotoxin, a fungal metabolite with a reactive disulfide bridge, as a system to evaluate the performance of ICAT for identification of cysteine modification in a whole cell proteome. Gliotoxin has antimicrobial, antitumor, immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties that have been related to cysteine modification in proteins. Cellular assays including viability using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, cell cycle analysis, and measurement of reactive oxygen species using dichlorofluorescin diacetate were used to establish conditions for measuring the effects of gliotoxin on HL-60 cells prior to large-scale cellular damage. Cells exposed to gliotoxin and control cells were then labeled with ICAT reagents and analysed by offline reversed phase liquid chromatography followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The pilot results identified tubulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase as putative targets of gliotoxin. Additionally, this study showed that ICAT can be used to detect modified cysteines from a highly complex sample, but further optimization is needed to unlock the full potential for detection of cysteine modification in complex samples.</p>

scholarly journals Proteomics and metabolomics in cow fertility: a systematic review

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-658
Author(s):  
Nicolas Aranciaga ◽  
James D Morton ◽  
Debra K Berg ◽  
Jessica L Gathercole
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
The Impact

Cow subfertility is a multi-factorial problem in many countries which is only starting to be unravelled. Molecular biology can provide a substantial source of insight into its causes and potential solutions, particularly through large scale, untargeted omics approaches. In this systematic review, we set out to compile, assess and integrate the latest proteomic and metabolomic research on cow reproduction, specifically that on the female reproductive tract and early embryo. We herein report a general improvement in technical standards throughout the temporal span examined; however, significant methodological limitations are also identified. We propose easily actionable avenues for ameliorating these shortcomings and enhancing the reach of this field. Text mining and pathway analysis corroborate the relevance of proteins and metabolites related to the triad oxidative stress-inflammation-disease on reproductive function. We envisage a breakthrough in cattle reproductive molecular research within the next few years as in vivo sample techniques are improved, omics analysis equipment becomes more affordable and widespread, and software tools for single- and multi-omics data processing are further developed. Additional investigation of the impact of local oxidative stress and inflammation on fertility, both at the local and systemic levels, is key towards realising the full potential of this field.

An Idealet-Centric Scheme for Large Scale Open Innovation Systems

2010 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Matti Hämäläinen ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Zhangxi Lin ◽  
Alin Tomoiaga ◽  
Jia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation Systems

Discovering Complex Relationships of Drugs over Distributed Knowledgebases

2016 ◽  
pp. 1572-1591
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Ranjana Sharma ◽  
Yan Bai
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Distributed System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Web Data ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Complex Relationships

Drug discovery is a lengthy, expensive and difficult process. Indentifying and understanding the hidden relationships among drugs, genes, proteins, and diseases will expedite the process of drug discovery. In this paper, we propose an effective methodology to discover drug-related semantic relationships over large-scale distributed web data in medicine, pharmacology and biotechnology. By utilizing semantic web and distributed system technologies, we developed a novel hierarchical knowledge abstraction and an efficient relation discovery protocol. Our approach effectively facilitates the realization of the full potential of harnessing the collective power and utilization of the drug-related knowledge scattered over the Internet.

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