scholarly journals Methodological Considerations Concerning Motion Sickness Investigations during Automated Driving

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Mühlbacher ◽  
Markus Tomzig ◽  
Katharina Reinmüller ◽  
Lena Rittger
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Driving Simulation ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Real Vehicle

Automated driving vehicles will allow all occupants to spend their time with various non-driving related tasks like relaxing, working, or reading during the journey. However, a significant percentage of people is susceptible to motion sickness, which limits the comfort of engaging in those tasks during automated driving. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the phenomenon of motion sickness during automated driving and to develop countermeasures. As most existing studies concerning motion sickness are fundamental research studies, a methodology for driving studies is yet missing. This paper discusses methodological aspects for investigating motion sickness in the context of driving including measurement tools, test environments, sample, and ethical restrictions. Additionally, methodological considerations guided by different underlying research questions and hypotheses are provided. Selected results from own studies concerning motion sickness during automated driving which were conducted in a motion-based driving simulation and a real vehicle are used to support the discussion.

Exercise Physiology From 1980 to 2020: Application of the Natural Sciences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jane A. Kent ◽  
Kate L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The field of exercise physiology has enjoyed tremendous growth in the past 40 years. With its foundations in the natural sciences, it is an interdisciplinary field that is highly relevant to human performance and health. The focus of this review is on highlighting new approaches, knowledge, and opportunities that have emerged in exercise physiology over the last four decades. Key among these is the adoption of advanced technologies by exercise physiologists to address fundamental research questions, and the expansion of research topics to range from molecular to organismal, and population scales in order to clarify the underlying mechanisms and impact of physiological responses to exercise in health and disease. Collectively, these advances have ensured the position of the field as a partner in generating new knowledge across many scientific and health disciplines.

scholarly journals Written Corrective Feedback: The Practitioners’ Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman W. Evans ◽  
K. James Hartshorn ◽  
Emily Allen Tuioti
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Writing ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Writing Pedagogy ◽  
L2 Writing ◽  
Writing Classroom ◽  
Writing Teachers ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Language Writing ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Research Questions

Considerable attention has been given to written corrective feedback (WCF) in second language writing (L2) over the past several decades. One of the central questions has focused on the appropriateness of its use in L2 writing. In these academic discussions, scholars frequently describe how WCF is utilized in the classroom. However, many of these claims of teacher practice have no research base, since few studies have actually asked teachers what place WCF has in their writing classroom (Ferris, et al., in press/2011a; Ferris, et al., in press/2011b; Hyland, 2003; Lee, 2004). This paucity of data from teachers about their WCF practices is problematic. Understanding teacher perspectives on corrective feedback is integral to our understanding the place of WCF in L2 writing pedagogy. Accordingly, this article reports on a study that asks two fundamental research questions: (a) To what extent do current L2 writing teachers provide WCF? and (b) What determines whether or not practitioners choose to provide WCF? These questions were answered by means of an international survey completed by 1,053 L2 writing practitioners in 69 different countries. Results suggest that WCF is commonly practiced in L2 pedagogy by experienced and well-educated L2 practitioners for sound pedagogical reasons.

Setting a course for marine mammal research in Western Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Waples ◽  
Holly Raudino
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Common Dolphin ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Priority Species ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
By Catch

Given limited funding and increasing pressures on our natural resources it is becoming ever more critical that science be directed at improving our understanding and management of priority issues. This relies on dialogue and alignment between researchers and managers to ensure that appropriate questions are asked and the answers incorporated in robust and transparent decision-making processes which should include relevant evidence-based science. We used a prioritisation framework as a tool to bring managers and scientists together to discuss and agree on current priorities for research on marine mammals in Western Australia, including posing relevant questions. Eight species were identified as high priorities for fundamental research, including three dolphin species (Australian humpback, snubfin and common dolphin), three baleen whale species (Antarctic and pygmy blue and dwarf minke whale), the Australian sea lion and the dugong. The pressures we evaluated resulted in a priority need for research to better understand and mitigate impacts across a range of species, including noise pollution from shipping and vessel activity, climate change and fishing by-catch. Scientists and managers agreed on a set of topics and associated research questions for the high-priority species that would best inform ongoing conservation and management of marine mammals in Western Australia and that would have broad applicability nationally and globally. We provide an example of how these priorities can be used to develop a research program with targeted funding. Overall, this process has demonstrated the value of bringing scientists and managers together with a tool that allows them to jointly determine priorities and research questions.

scholarly journals Lake and River Restoration: Method, Evaluation and Management

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lyu ◽  
Lirong Song ◽  
Qiuwen Chen ◽  
Gang Pan
Keyword(s):  
River Restoration ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Restoration Strategies ◽  
Restoration Method ◽  
Selection Of

Eutrophication has become one of the major environmental issues of global concern due to the adverse effects on water quality, public health and ecosystem sustainability. Fundamental research on the restoration of eutrophic freshwaters, i.e., lakes and rivers, is crucial to support further evidence-based practical implementations. This Special Issue successfully brings together recent research findings from scientists in this field and assembles contributions on lake and river restoration. The 12 published papers can be classified into, and contribute to, three major aspects of this topic. Firstly, a background investigation into the migration of nutrients, and the characteristics of submerged biota, will guide and assist the understanding of the mechanisms of future restoration. Secondly, various restoration strategies, including control of both external and internal nutrients loading, are studied and evaluated. Thirdly, an evaluation of the field sites after restoration treatment is reported in order to support the selection of appropriate restoration approaches. This paper focuses on the current environmental issues related to lake and river restoration and has conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in order to emphasise the fast-growing attention being paid to the research topic. The research questions and main conclusions from all papers are summarised to focus the attention toward how the presented studies aid gains in scientific knowledge, engineering experience and support for policymakers.

Protecting silent identities of heritage from the ruining living identities in current and futuristic creative cities: the case of Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hesham Madbouly Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Creative Cities ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Selection Of

PurposeWith the increasing number of creative cities as well as the reported incidences of deterioration to physical heritage, this paper aims to protect silent identities of heritage from the ruining living identities of modern generations in current and futuristic creative cities.Design/methodology/approachThe research aim is achieved through trait-related mixed methods, since the variances are not method-related, to answer three research questions. The first method was a survey questionnaire distributed to the creative architectural sector because it was the best sector to meet the identified criteria. It aimed to answer if the upperground layer in creative cities considers the underground layer's diversity as a main cause for heritage deterioration and for being a barrier to developing creative solutions. A hypothesis for the first question was tested through a t-test. The second method was to study cases of heritage in present and futuristic creative cities to answer if living identities threaten physical heritage of all ages at the same extent and if the same creativity concepts are applied to all heritage.FindingsThe underground layer's diversity identities were found as a major barrier to the creative architectural sector. The R-value indicated a negative relationship between heritage age and its condition. Cases witnessed different creative expressions, but cases within the same period faced similar concepts of expressed creativity. The proposed tree diagram is a framework that gives numerical guidelines for the interrelationship between every heritage age and creativity concept for novel and conscious creative practices at the upperground layer to solve the conflicts in creative cities.Research limitations/implicationsThe selection of Egypt does not possess a limitation because methodological considerations required for generalising the findings to a broader area were met. Findings in this paper are applicable to all upperground creative sectors that seek to understand the underground layer's diversity. Results are useful for protecting heritage silent identities in all existing and futuristic creative cities in countries that have heritage, of any age, facing deterioration.Originality/valueThe research work in this paper is novel in thought and resolves a perpetual conflict between silent identities and expressive living identities in current and futuristic creative cities through the proposed numerical framework for the upperground creative layer to develop novel conscious solutions. This framework represents a novel synthesis that adds to the existing body of knowledge, as it resolves a critical problem highlighted in previous research studies.

scholarly journals For a Definition of Gratitude, in Order to Study its Correlation with Well-being and Self Transcendence

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Sheena Necole McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Coping Skills ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Trait Gratitude ◽  
Insight Into

This paper provides a definition for gratitude and for trait gratitude. It also describes several useful measurement tools to study gratitude and states how gratitude relates to personality characteristics. In addition, current gratitude research is reviewed and future research questions are proposed. Not only is gratitude associated with well-being but also with sleep quality, dematerialization, social skills, coping skills, and spirituality. An advanced understanding of this emotion and/or affective trait could provide insight into how to live a happy, productive, and fulfilling life. KEYWORDS Gratitude, wellbeing, behavior, mindfulness, optimism.

scholarly journals Studi epidemiologici osservazionali europei: le coorti dalla nascita

QUADERNI ACP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Eleonora Morabito ◽  
Claudia Pansieri ◽  
Chiara Pandolfini ◽  
Antonio Clavenna ◽  
Maurizio Bonati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Data Merging ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition Methods ◽  
Methodological Aspects

Objective: in recent years there has been a growing interest in birth cohorts. The aim of this review is to know and understand the state of the art of European cohorts to date, with a focus on those that started data collection at birth. In particular, the aim is to provide an overview of current research topics and designs, and provide input for those creating collaborations and laying out guidelines aimed at unifying cohort methodologies to enable data merging and maximize knowledge acquisition. Methods: we searched PubMed and Embase for articles referring to longitudinal, prospective European birth cohorts, and searched online cohort inventories. Results: we found references to 111 birth cohorts, 45 of which began enrolment at birth. These cohorts began between 1921 and 2015 and represented 19 countries, with varying sample sizes (236 to 21,000 children). As of 5 January 2020, 5 were still recruiting. The main areas addressed were allergic diseases (14 cohorts) and environmental exposure (12 cohorts) and most cohorts were publicly funded. Conclusion: given the large costs of running cohorts and the importance of long follow-up periods in identifying the risk factors for disorders thought to have a perinatal/early life etiology, current cohorts must be designed to answer research questions considering several aspects, from genetic ones to psychological, social, and environmental ones. Furthermore, universally recognized methodological aspects are needed to permit the comparison and merging of cohort data.

Behavioural Research in an Advanced Driving Simulator - Experiences of the VTI System -

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Research ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The VTI driving simulator is described briefly, and aspects such as controllability, realism, validity, and motion sickness are discussed. The experience of using a simulator is accounted for. As an example, a study of mobile phone effects on driver behaviour is reported, focusing on methodological aspects. The paper ends with an extensive literature list containing behavioural studies performed in the simulator.

scholarly journals Eye on Music Reading: A Methodological Review of Studies from 1994 to 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjaana Puurtinen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Work ◽  
Music Reading ◽  
Methodological Review ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Methodological Aspects

In this review, we focus on the methodological aspects of eye-tracking research in the domain of music, published and/or available between 1994 and 2017, and we identify potentially fruitful next steps to increase coherence and systematicity within this emerging field. We review and discuss choices of musical stimuli, the conditions under which these were performed (i.e. control of performance tempo and music-reading protocols), performer’s level of musical expertise, and handling of performance errors and eye-movement data. We propose that despite a lack of methodological coherence in research to date, careful reflection on earlier methodological choices can help in formulating future research questions and in positioning new work. These steps would represent progress towards a cumulative research tradition, where joint understanding is built by systematic and consistent use of stimuli, research settings and methods of analysis.

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