scholarly journals Peri-Urban Community Attitudes towards Codling Moth Trapping and Suppression Using the Sterile Insect Technique in New Zealand

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Paterson ◽  
George L. W. Perry ◽  
James T. S. Walker ◽  
David Maxwell Suckling
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

New, more socially-acceptable technologies are being developed to suppress horticultural pests, because suppression is technically difficult with current technologies, especially in urban areas. One technique involves the release of sterile insects to prevent offspring in the next generation. This technology involves aerial or ground release systems, but this could also create issues for the public. This study investigated community perceptions of a recently-introduced response to codling moth control in New Zealand—Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Community attitudes to SIT were examined in Hastings, New Zealand, in April, 2018. Eighty-six detailed interviews were undertaken with a random sample of households. This community was very willing (98% agreement) to host a sex pheromone trap in their gardens, and condoned regular visits to monitor traps. Attitudes to SIT were very positive (98% in favor). Once explained, the concept of using unmanned aerial vehicles to deliver sterile insects was also acceptable (98%) to the community. Use of unmanned aerial vehicles to release sterile insects during a hypothetical incursion response of an exotic fruit fly was also supported at 98% by respondent householders. Investigation of community attitudes can be valuable to guide practitioners in determining suitable technologies before an area-wide programme is launched.

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Deliver Medical and Emergency Supplies to Remote Areas

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Levi Henderson ◽  
Savern L. Reweti ◽  
Robyn Kamira
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Real World ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Community Impact ◽  
The Real ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

This chapter examines the role of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the delivery of medical and emergency supplies to remote areas. It outlines a number of potential considerations for operators wishing to use UAVs to deliver medical and emergency supplies to remote areas. These considerations address a number of practicalities in terms of the organisation that is wishing to conduct such operations, the operations themselves, and the technology that is used for such operations. These considerations primarily stem from the nature of the international regulatory framework for unmanned aircraft operations and the peculiarities of using a UAV to deliver medical and emergency supplies. The chapter will outline some of the practicalities that have been worked through or are being worked through during a project to deliver medical and emergency supplies in Northland, New Zealand. This will provide readers with examples of some of the real-world considerations that operators face as well as outline the positive community impact that such operations can provide.

Belled collars reduce catch of domestic cats in New Zealand by half

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Gordon ◽  
C. Matthaei ◽  
Y. van Heezik
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Urban Wildlife ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
The Uk

Context. As evidence accumulates implicating domestic cats as significant predators of urban wildlife, the need for effective mitigation of potentially negative impacts becomes more pressing. Belled collars are probably one of the cheapest and least intrusive methods, although the opinion of a proportion of members of the public in New Zealand is that they are not effective. Aims. We aimed to determine whether belled collars reduced prey catch. Methods. Prey caught and brought back home by cats that were regular hunters during 6 weeks when they wore a belled collar was compared with prey caught during 6 weeks when they did not wear a collar. Key results. Predation of birds and rodents was reduced by 50% and 61%, respectively. The number of rats, lizards and insects was not significantly reduced; however, these constituted a small proportion of the total catch. Sex and age of cats, as well as time did not affect catch rates, with the exception that older cats were more likely to catch rats (Rattus spp.) than were younger cats. Most of the cats in the study were young, reflecting our selection criteria that cats be regular and frequent hunters. Conclusions. The degree to which catch of birds and rodents was reduced is similar to that reported in two experimental studies in the UK, and confirms that belled collars are effective in the New Zealand environment. Implications. In New Zealand, small mammals are introduced pests and hunters of native wildlife; predation by cats may regulate their populations in urban areas and so care should be taken when instituting cat-control measures. It is also possible that a 50% reduction in predation may be insufficient to ensure viability for some urban wildlife populations.

Citizen Support for Domestic Drone Use and Regulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. West ◽  
Casey A. Klofstad ◽  
Joseph E. Uscinski ◽  
Jennifer M. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Oversight ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Citizen Support

Recently, governments, commercial firms, and individuals have increased their use of unmanned aerial vehicles (i.e., “drones”). As with many new technologies, drone use has outpaced government oversight. Attempts to regulate the technology have been met with intense public backlash. Therefore, governments need to understand the public’s preferences for a regulatory regime. Analyzing national survey data, we address two questions: (a) What policies do Americans prefer for the regulation of drones? and (b) Does the public believe the federal, state, or local government or nongovernmental actors should be responsible for regulating drone use? Public preferences are one of several important inputs affecting policymaking; therefore, our results provide an important overview of current public opinion toward drone policy, as well as a theoretical blueprint for understanding how such opinions might fluctuate overtime.

scholarly journals Choice of unmanned aerial vehicles for identification of mosquito breeding sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciely Velozo Aragão ◽  
Fernanda Cavicchioli Zola ◽  
Luis Henrique Nogueira Marinho ◽  
Daiane Maria De Genaro Chiroli ◽  
Aldo Braghini Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
The World ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Health Organization

The disordered urban growth that may favour the emergence of the Aedes aegypti mosquito in cities is a problem of increasing magnitude in middle- and high-income countries in the tropical part of the world. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) considers the control and elimination of Ae. aegypti a world-wide high priority as it is the main vector of many rapidly spreading viral diseases, dengue in particular. A major difficulty in controlling the proliferation of this vector is associated with identification of the breeding sites. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can be an efficient alternative to manual search because of high mobility and the ability to overcome physical obstacles, particularly in urban areas where it can offer close-up images of potential breeding sites that are difficult to reach. The objective of this study was to find a way to select the most suitable UAV for the identification of Ae. aegypti habitats by providing images of potential mosquito breeding sites. This can be accomplished by a Multiple-Criteria Decision Method (MCDM) based on an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the evaluation of weights of the criteria used for characterizing UAVs. The alternatives were analyzed and ranked using the Fuzzy Set Theory (FST) merged with the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The methodology is explained and discussed with respect to identification and selection of the most appropriate UAV for aerial mapping of Aedes breeding sites.

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Deliver Medical and Emergency Supplies to Remote Areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1398-1422
Author(s):  
Isaac Levi Henderson ◽  
Savern L. Reweti ◽  
Robyn Kamira
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Real World ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Community Impact ◽  
The Real ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

This chapter examines the role of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the delivery of medical and emergency supplies to remote areas. It outlines a number of potential considerations for operators wishing to use UAVs to deliver medical and emergency supplies to remote areas. These considerations address a number of practicalities in terms of the organisation that is wishing to conduct such operations, the operations themselves, and the technology that is used for such operations. These considerations primarily stem from the nature of the international regulatory framework for unmanned aircraft operations and the peculiarities of using a UAV to deliver medical and emergency supplies. The chapter will outline some of the practicalities that have been worked through or are being worked through during a project to deliver medical and emergency supplies in Northland, New Zealand. This will provide readers with examples of some of the real-world considerations that operators face as well as outline the positive community impact that such operations can provide.

scholarly journals Short-Range Transportation Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) during Disasters in Japan

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Koki Yakushiji ◽  
Hiroshi Fujita ◽  
Mikio Murata ◽  
Naoki Hiroi ◽  
Yuuichi Hamabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Blood Product ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Life Saving

Larger types of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are beginning to be used in the United States and Europe for commercial transportation. Additionally, some blood product transport systems have been commercialized in Rwanda and other countries and used in pandemic operations for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in infected areas. Conversely, implementing goods transportation for commercial purposes in Japan has been difficult, especially in urban areas, due to national legislation. This study examined UAV-assisted transportation in Japan, a natural disaster hotspot, with a focus on the potential uses of UAVs in situations where traffic blockages make ground transportation impossible. UAVs were used to transport 17 kg of medical supplies belonging to a disaster medical assistance team (DMAT), along with 100 emergency meals. We also transported insulin under controlled-temperature conditions, as well as many other emergency supplies. Using UAVs to transport emergency supplies could be an effective approach when dealing with disasters. This paper summarizes the effectiveness of this approach for medical care and disaster response activities. We present a method for using drones to bridge the gap between medical and firefighting personnel, such as DMAT personnel, who are engaged in life-saving activities at the time of a disaster, and those who are unable to transport necessary goods by land using terrestrial vehicles due to traffic interruptions.

scholarly journals Presenting an Effective Method to Detect and Track the Broken Path in VANET Using UAVs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zohreh Bakhtiari ◽  
Rozita Jamili Oskouei ◽  
Mona Soleymani ◽  
Akhtar Hussain Jalbani
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
And Performance

The routing process in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is a challenging task in urban areas which is due to the high mobility of vehicles, repetitive defects of the communication path, and the various barriers that may affect the reliability of data transmission and routing. Accordingly, the connectivity in vehicular communications has received the researchers’ attention, so different geographic routing protocols have been proposed in this respect. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are useful for overcoming routing constraints. Cloud computing has also been defined as a new infrastructure for VANET which is made up of a significant number of computing nodes including stable data centers as well as a set of mobile computing devices embedded on vehicles. The aim of this research is to simulate a VANET in an urban area using cloud computing infrastructure and applying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) so that the negative influence of barriers in packet delivery and routing is avoided. To evaluate, the proposed method is compared with the basic protocol ClouDiV. Ns-2 simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms with different densities and variable times in terms of efficiency and performance.

scholarly journals Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to analyze the urban environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthimios Bakogiannis ◽  
Charalampos Kyriakidis ◽  
Vasileios Zafeiris
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost

Over the last decades, the evolution of technology has helped us to facilitate various types of works in areas related to land and property management as well as spatial planning. The exploitation of new tools and methods has prompted the international interest in the recording and modeling of geospatial information in more than two dimensions depicted in traditional projects, until then. This has contributed to address a series of issues related to intense urbanization, as well as challenges in identifying complex ownership and building structures. A relatively recent such method is the mapping of buildings and wider spatial units by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that has contributed to the production of 3D models by using the appropriate software. This technology finds resonant in recent years in Greece. However, it has not been applied to the mapping of large spatial units such as urban areas. This research paper performs a wide area mapping using UAV. Its purpose is to investigate to what extent the UAVs can do it successfully. For this reason, a brief evaluation is attempted, taking into account the accuracy of the data as well as the cost and time required in relation to traditional techniques. The result justifies the specific technique that appears to produce good quality metering and quality data while helping to save resources.

scholarly journals Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Flood Extent Mapping Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Data

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmamaw Gebrehiwot ◽  
Leila Hashemi-Beni ◽  
Gary Thompson ◽  
Parisa Kordjamshidi ◽  
Thomas Langan
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Flooded Areas

Flooding is one of the leading threats of natural disasters to human life and property, especially in densely populated urban areas. Rapid and precise extraction of the flooded areas is key to supporting emergency-response planning and providing damage assessment in both spatial and temporal measurements. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) technology has recently been recognized as an efficient photogrammetry data acquisition platform to quickly deliver high-resolution imagery because of its cost-effectiveness, ability to fly at lower altitudes, and ability to enter a hazardous area. Different image classification methods including SVM (Support Vector Machine) have been used for flood extent mapping. In recent years, there has been a significant improvement in remote sensing image classification using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). CNNs have demonstrated excellent performance on various tasks including image classification, feature extraction, and segmentation. CNNs can learn features automatically from large datasets through the organization of multi-layers of neurons and have the ability to implement nonlinear decision functions. This study investigates the potential of CNN approaches to extract flooded areas from UAV imagery. A VGG-based fully convolutional network (FCN-16s) was used in this research. The model was fine-tuned and a k-fold cross-validation was applied to estimate the performance of the model on the new UAV imagery dataset. This approach allowed FCN-16s to be trained on the datasets that contained only one hundred training samples, and resulted in a highly accurate classification. Confusion matrix was calculated to estimate the accuracy of the proposed method. The image segmentation results obtained from FCN-16s were compared from the results obtained from FCN-8s, FCN-32s and SVMs. Experimental results showed that the FCNs could extract flooded areas precisely from UAV images compared to the traditional classifiers such as SVMs. The classification accuracy achieved by FCN-16s, FCN-8s, FCN-32s, and SVM for the water class was 97.52%, 97.8%, 94.20% and 89%, respectively.

scholarly journals The Use of Drones in Emergency Medicine: Practical and Legal Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Konert ◽  
Jacek Smereka ◽  
Lukasz Szarpak
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Automated External Defibrillators ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

Unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, can play a significant role in military and civil emergency medicine. The aim of the study was to present the real possibilities of using them in rescue operations and to provide examples from all over the world. Unmanned aerial vehicles can be applied to transport goods on demand, provide blood in urban areas, save sinking people, analyse the scale of damages, monitor large human gatherings, perform exploration activities, deliver blood samples and other analysis material, provide automated external defibrillators, support rescue operations and air transport, and perform agricultural activities. One must, however, be aware of the existing regulations regarding drone flights as an appearance of an unreported unmanned aircraft in the controlled space is identified worldwide as affecting aviation safety.

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