scholarly journals Effects of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Extract on Honey Bees Infected with Nosema ceranae

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Uros Glavinic ◽  
Milan Rajkovic ◽  
Jovana Vunduk ◽  
Branislav Vejnovic ◽  
Jevrosima Stevanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nosema Infection

Agaricus bisporus water crude extract was tested on honey bees for the first time. The first part of the cage experiment was set for selecting one concentration of the A. bisporus extract. Concentration of 200 µg/g was further tested in the second part of the experiment where bee survival and food consumption were monitored together with Nosema infection level and expression of five genes (abaecin, hymenoptaecin, defensin, apidaecin, and vitellogenin) that were evaluated in bees sampled on days 7 and 15. Survival rate of Nosema-infected bees was significantly greater in groups fed with A. bisporus-enriched syrup compared to those fed with a pure sucrose syrup. Besides, the anti-Nosema effect of A. bisporus extract was greatest when applied from the third day which coincides with the time of infection with N. ceranae. Daily food consumption did not differ between the groups indicating good acceptability and palatability of the extract. A. bisporus extract showed a stimulative effect on four out of five monitored genes. Both anti-Nosema and nutrigenomic effects of A. bisporus extract were observed when supplementation started at the moment of N. ceranae infection or preventively (before or simultaneously with the infection).

TOWARDS THE QUESTION OF SPECIALIZED FEEDS FOR TENCHES (TINCA TINCA)

2017 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Elena Mikhaylovna Chervonenko ◽  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
State Technical ◽  
Tinca Tinca ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Volga River ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Technical Centre

The article describes the process of tench growing (male and female species removed from set gear in the Volga river in the Astrakhan region) using experimental feedstuff "T", taking into account the fact that problems with artificial growing tench ( Тinca tinca ) appear first in the process of feeding when wild sires change to artificial food. The research took place on the base of the department of aquaculture and water bioresources of Astrakhan State Technical University in innovation centre "Bioaquapark - scientific and technical centre of aquaculture" in 2015. Special feed including components of animal origin - mosquito grab and sludge worm as an effective substitute to fish flour, as well as components of vegetable origin (carrot, parsley, pumpkin, wheatgrass) for domestication of tenches are offered for the first time. Food technology has been described. The exact composition of the formula, which is being licensed at the moment, is not disclosed. Feed "T", which has undergone biological analysis and is in accordance with organoleptic and physical standards was used for feeding tench female and male species during domestication period (60 days), along with food "Coppens" (Holland). Feed efficiency was determined according to survival and daily fish growth. Growth rate of females appeared more intensive than growth rate of males fed with experimental food "T". Daily growth changed depending on the types of food: from 0.3 ("Coppens") to 0.47 (experimental food) in females, from 0.25 ("Coppens") to 0.39 (experimental food) with males. Ability to survive among tench species fed with "Coppens" and experimental food made 60% and 100%, correspondingly. Nutricion of tench species with experimental food encouraged their domestication, which allowed using tench species in further fish breeding process in order to get offspring. The project was supported by the Innovation Promotion Fund in terms of the project "Development and implementation of the technique for the steady development of aquaculture: food "TechSA".

Reflections on the Meaning of Study Abroad

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
Host Family ◽  
The People ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Stranger

Study abroad begins long before students leave their own shores. The moment that children enter daycare, nursery school, or kindergarten for the first time, they are in foreign territory, and all their antennae are out, testing, absorbing, learning. They begin to develop the first of their many multiple identities. They are no longer "Johnny" or "Sarah" whom everyone knows and loves at home, but Johnny or Sarah whom no one knows nor initially cares about, and they have to figure out what kind of a new identity they will develop so the danger zone becomes as safe as home.  Leaving familiar surroundings- the sounds, smells, safety, and food of home- and realizing, quite abruptly, that they must learn to adapt to the demands and needs of strangers, is the first and the most challenging "trip abroad" they will ever take. They will use the same set of skills, more mature, more polished (we hope) when they arrive on a foreign campus and move in with a host family or into an international dormitory.  Learning to make the journey with ease, whether it is on the first day of school or the day a plane drops one in a foreign field, is a necessary accomplishment. We have to make friends out of our peers; we have to gain the respect of our teachers; we have to develop curiosity and concern about the people around us. The stranger they seem, the more there is to learn. To fear diversity is to fear life itself. As the world becomes smaller and more integrated, the more crucial this accomplishment grows. 

scholarly journals Period-Life of a Branching Process with Migration and Continuous Time

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Prysyazhnyk ◽  
Iryna Bazylevych ◽  
Ludmila Mitkova ◽  
Iryna Ivanochko
Keyword(s):  
Random Process ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Branching Process ◽  
Probability Generating Function ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Branching Process ◽  
Number Of Particles

The homogeneous branching process with migration and continuous time is considered. We investigated the distribution of the period-life τ, i.e., the length of the time interval between the moment when the process is initiated by a positive number of particles and the moment when there are no individuals in the population for the first time. The probability generating function of the random process, which describes the behavior of the process within the period-life, was obtained. The boundary theorem for the period-life of the subcritical or critical branching process with migration was found.

The Situation of Catholic Instruction in Transylvania during the Communist Takeover

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
László Holló
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
God's Will ◽  
School Network ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Catholic Church

"In less than one year, the Catholic Church, just like the other denominations, lost its school network built along the centuries. This was the moment when the bishop wrote: “No one can resent if we shed tears over the loss of our schools and educational institutions”. Moreover, he stated that he would do everything to re-store the injustice since they could not resent if we used all the legal possibilities and instruments to retrieve our schools that we were illegally dispossessed of. Furthermore, he evaluated the situation realistically and warned the families to be more responsible. He emphasized the parents’ responsibility. First and foremost, the mother was the child’s first teacher of religion. She taught him the first prayers; he heard about God, Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the angels from his mother for the first time. He asked for the mothers’ and the parents’ support also in mastering the teachings of the faith. Earlier, he already instructed the priests to organize extramu-ral biblical classes for the children and youth. At this point, he asked the families to cooperate effectively, especially to lead an ardent, exemplary religious life, so that the children would grow up in a religious and moral life according to God’s will, learn-ing from the parents’ examples. And just as on many other occasions throughout history, the Catholic Church started building again. It did not build spectacular-looking churches and schools but rather modest catechism halls to bring communities together. These were the places where the priests of the dioceses led by the bishop’s example and assuming all the persecutions, incessantly educated the school children to the love of God and of their brethren, and the children even more zealously attended the catechism classes, ignoring their teachers’ prohibitions. Keywords: Márton Áron, Diocese of Transylvania, confessional religious education, communism, nationalization of catholic schools, Catholic Church in Romania in 1948."

scholarly journals Restoration of the military self-administration in the Terek cossak army in spring of 1917

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Ф.С. Киреев
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

В статье анализируются причины возвращения войсковой системы самоуправления Терского казачества и показан сам процесс создания выборности войсковой власти. Актуальность исследования казачьего самоуправления обусловлена необходимостью теоретического обоснования и практического осуществления самоорганизации казачества России. Исторический анализ процесса организации самоуправления Терского казачества на войсковом уровне может послужить фундаментом для лучшего понимания и оценки современных процессов и явлений в казачьей среде и поможет выстраиванию государственной политики в отношении казачества в современной России. В отечественной историографии отсутствуют работы, посвященные конкретно восстановлению выборности власти в Терском казачьем войске. Поэтому научная новизна исследования определяется тем, что впервые предпринята попытка хронологической реконструкции истории создания войсковой системы самоуправления Терского казачества. Методологической основой исследования является принцип историзма, что предусматривает изучение момента возникновения исторического события и этапы его развития. Анализ событий на Тереке в 1917 г. показывает, что терские казаки смогли самоорганизоваться, создать полноценное административно-территориальное образование, и лишь изменение социально-политической ситуации в России в целомпомешало укрепить и продолжить это начинание. Еще необходимо отметить, что терские казаки к моменту восстановления войскового самоуправления подошли уже с готовыми проектами соответствующих документов, что позволило Терскому войску первым среди других войск создать свою выборную власть. Это говорит о высоком интеллектуальном потенциале в среде терских казаков. The article analyzes the reasons for the restoration of the military system of self-government of the Terek Cossacks and shows the very process of creating the elective military power. The relevance of the study of Cossack self-government is due to the need for theoretical justification and practical implementation of the self-organization of the Cossacks of Russia. Historical analysis of the process of organizing self-government of the Terek Cossacks at the military level can serve as a foundation for better understanding and assessment of modern processes and phenomena in the Cossack environment and will help to build state policy towards the Cossacks in modern Russia. In the Russian historiography, there are no works devoted specifically to the restoration of the election of power in the Terek Cossack army. Therefore, the scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to chronologically reconstruct the history of the creation of the military system of self-government of the Terek Cossacks. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of historicism, with its focus on the study of the moment of occurrence of a historical event and the stages of its development. An analysis of the events on the Terek in 1917 shows that the Terek Cossacks were able to organize themselves and create a full-fledged administrative-territorial entity and only a change in the socio-political situation in Russia as a whole was placed, strengthened and continued this initiative. It should also be noted that the Terek Cossacks, by the time of the restoration of military self-government, came up with ready-made drafts of relevant documents, which allowed the Terek army to be the first among other troops to create their own elected power. This indicates a high intellectual potential among the Terek cossacks.

scholarly journals The ruin problem for a Wiener process with state-dependent jumps

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
M. Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Ordinary Differential Equation ◽  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Wiener Process ◽  
Jump Diffusion ◽  
Moment Generating Function ◽  
Continuous Part ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time

AbstractLet X(t) be a jump-diffusion process whose continuous part is a Wiener process, and let T (x) be the first time it leaves the interval (0,b), where x = X(0). The jumps are negative and their sizes depend on the value of X(t). Moreover there can be a jump from X(t) to 0. We transform the integro-differential equation satisfied by the probability p(x) := P[X(T (x)) = 0] into an ordinary differential equation and we solve this equation explicitly in particular cases. We are also interested in the moment-generating function of T (x).

scholarly journals THE SWEET ICES FOR PREGNANT WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kozonova ◽  
L. Telegenko ◽  
A. Salavelis
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chromatographic Study ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
First Time ◽  
Average Woman ◽  
Acid Index

Daily food consumption norms of an average woman and a pregnant woman have been analysed. It has been established that in a pregnant woman’s diet, it is necessary to increase the content of proteins, fibre, vitamins C, E, D, PP, and B, and reduce fats, carbohydrates (easily digestible), vitamins B5 and H, sodium, magnesium, salts, and water. Taking into account the above-mentioned requirements, eight recipe compositions of sweet ices based on plant raw materials have been suggested. The recipes were selected by linear programming using MS Excel. The products have a low calorific content (26–137 kcal per 80 g), and an increased nutritional value (due to vitamin C, carotene, etc.). For the first time, cereals, various types of seeds, nuts, have been put into the recipe of sweet ices, as well as raw materials, which eliminate physiological complications during pregnancy. The products developed differ in their composition and are made without sugar. However, some recipes include small quantities of honey as it is highly palatable. The chemical composition of the new sweet products has been studied and analysed in details and sugar/acid indices have been calculated. The developed ices have a slightly acidic taste or no acidity at all, which corresponds to the values of sugar/acid indices 13.4–26.6, while the sample from the store, selected for comparison, contains a large amount of sugars, as evidenced by the cloying taste and high sugar/acid index (more than 30). The source of fatty acids in sweet ice for pregnant women Joy is almond nuts. The results of the chromatographic study have shown that this product as for the quantitative fatty acid composition, meets the current requirements. We recommend introducing the sweet ice manufacture technology on the equipment already in use in canneries. The products are formed (poured into moulds where wooden sticks are then inserted) in a Hassia machine. One of the main operations, freezing, is done in a quick freezer GyroFreze. We also recommend manufacturing sweet ices using existing restaurant equipment.

scholarly journals Permanent prevalence of Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Hungary

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Csáki ◽  
Miklós Heltai ◽  
Ferenc Markolt ◽  
Balázs Kovács ◽  
László Békési ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
The Mean

Nosema ceranae is present in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies worldwide. Studies on the comparative virulence of N. ceranae and N. apis showed significant differences in individual mortality, and the prevalence of N. ceranae seems to be predominant in both the continental and the Mediterranean climate regions. This study attempted to monitor the geographical and seasonal distribution of these two Nosema species in Hungary, using a simple laboratory method. The distribution of N. ceranae and N. apis infection rates along all seasons was homogeneous (P = 0.57). In co-infected samples, the intensity of N. ceranae infection was always significantly higher than that of N. apis infection (P < 0.001). The infection rate of infected bees in exterior samples was higher than in interior samples in each season; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The species N. ceranae had been present in Hungary already in 2004. Statistical analysis of data shows that the infection level is best represented by sampling exterior bees to establish the proportion of infected bees rather than by determining the mean spore count.

Metagenomic analysis of bat guano samples revealed the presence of viruses potentially carried by insects, among others by Apis mellifera in Hungary

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Brigitta Zana ◽  
Gábor Kemenesi ◽  
Péter Urbán ◽  
Fanni Földes ◽  
Tamás Görföl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Big Sioux River ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship ◽  
Paralysis Virus ◽  
Bat Guano

The predominance of dietary viruses in bat guano samples had been described recently, suggesting a new opportunity to survey the prevalence and to detect new viruses of arthropods or even plant-infecting viruses circulating locally in the ecosystem. Here we describe the diversity of viruses belonging to the order Picornavirales in Hungarian insectivorous bat guano samples. The metagenomic analysis conducted on our samples has revealed the significant predominance of aphid lethal paralysis virus (ALPV) and Big Sioux River virus (BSRV) in Hungary for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis was used to clarify the relationship to previously identified ALPV strains infecting honey bees, showing that our strain possesses a close genetic relationship with the strains that have already been described as pathogenic to honey bees. Furthermore, studies have previously confirmed the ability of these viruses to replicate in adult honey bees; however, no signs related to these viruses have been revealed yet. With the identification of two recently described possibly honey bee infecting viruses for the first time in Hungary, our results might have importance for the health conditions of Hungarian honey bee colonies in the future.

Temperature and Time of Development of the Two Sexes in Drosophila

1926 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERT BONNIER
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

1. The time of development at 25°C. up to the moment of pupation is found to be for females and males respectively 116.62 ± 0.19 and 116.78 ± 0.20 hours. During the pupal stage the two times are 111.36 ± 0.15 and 115.46 ± 0.13 hours. 2. At 30° C. the corresponding figures are (in the same order): 99.95 ± 0.49, 103.37 ± 0.43, 78±15 ± 0.50 and 84.26 ± 0.34 hours. 3. These figures show that there is a statistical significance in the differences of the times of development of the two sexes for both the periods at 30°C. but only for the pupal stage at 25° C. It is pointed out that the fact that the longer time of male development as compared with female development at 25° C. is confined to the pupal stage, may be correlated with the other fact that the essential parts of the secondary sexual characters are developed during this stage. 4. It is shown that there is a negative correlation between the pre-pupal and pupal times of development, indicating that the longer the first time is, the shorter is, as a rule, the other time and vice versa. 5. With the aid of statistical methods it is shown that the shortening of the time of development at 30°C. as compared with the time at 25° C. is much more pronounced for the pupal than for the pre-pupal stage. 6. This last fact is discussed and it is emphasised that the ordinary methods of studying the influence of temperature on development are too rough to be of more than of a descriptive value, the only way of getting a deeper insight into the processes of development by temperature studies being the separate studies of a number of short intervals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document