scholarly journals Early Microvascular and Oscillatory Potentials Changes in Human Diabetic Retina: Amacrine Cells and the Intraretinal Neurovascular Crosstalk

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4035
Author(s):  
Edoardo Midena ◽  
Tommaso Torresin ◽  
Evelyn Longhin ◽  
Giulia Midena ◽  
Elisabetta Pilotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Versus ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Oscillatory Potentials ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Retina ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Two Parameters

To analyze the early microvascular retinal changes and oscillatory potentials alterations secondary to diabetic retinal damage, 44 eyes of 22 diabetic patients without and with mild diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 18 eyes of 9 healthy controls were examined. All subjects underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and electroretinography of oscillatory potentials (OPs). At OCTA, vessel area density (VAD), vessel length fraction (VLF), and fractal dimension (FD) were significantly reduced in the superficial vascular plexus (SVP), VLF and FD in the intermediate capillary plexus (ICP), and FD in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) in the diabetic group compared to the control group. The amplitude (A) of OP2, OP3, OP4 and the sum of OPs were significantly reduced in the diabetic group versus the controls, and the last two parameters were reduced also in patients without DR versus the controls. Moreover, in the diabetic group, a significant direct correlation was found between the A of OP1, OP2, OP3 and sOP and the VLF and FD in the SVP, while a statistically significant inverse correlation was found between the A of OP3 and OP4 and the VDI in the ICP and DCP. The reduced oscillatory potentials suggest a precocious involvement of amacrine cells in diabetic eyes, independently of DR presence, and their correlation with vascular parameters underlines the relevance of the crosstalk between these cells and vascular components in the pathophysiology of this chronic disease.

scholarly journals Risk of latent tuberculosis infection among diabetic patients in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok province: a case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muayad A Merza ◽  
Abdul Aziz Sulaiman Savo ◽  
Muhammad Jaafer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Previous Hospitalization ◽  
Control Study

Diabetes can be linked with impaired host immunity that subsequently increases the rate of various infections including tuberculosis (TB), particularly in developing countries where TB is endemic. The objectives of this case control study were to determine the prevalence and the risk of LTBI among diabetic patients. It is a prospective case control study conducted in Azadi Teaching Hospital from September 2017 until May 2018. The diabetic patients included in this study were randomly selected. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) was made according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Diabetes mellitus patients and the control participants were offered a voluntary tuberculin skin test (TST). The TST ≥10 mm was considered positive. The results were analyzed by entering the data in SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences, version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Two hundred DM patients and 208 control individuals participated in this study. Collectively, 28 patients had positive TST results. Based on the sputum smear microscopy and CXR, none of these patients showed active TB disease. The differences between the DM patients and the control group had no statistical significance apart from previous hospitalization. The prevalence of LTBI was 23.53% in the diabetic group, whereas, it was 9.62% in the control group. The frequency of LTBI in diabetic patients was significantly higher than the control group. When the diabetic group was compared with the control group in terms of diabetic control and the duration of diabetes disease, there was a statistically significant association of diabetes duration ≥ 10 years and TST positivity. In conclusion, the previous hospitalization was a significant risk factor for diabetic patients to acquire TB bacilli. Latent TB infection was more common in diabetics than non diabetics and there was an increased likelihood of having LTBI with the duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years. To avoid the threatening of TB control program, prophylactic treatment of LTBI in diabetic patients is paramount.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2018, 4(2): 227-232

scholarly journals Volume rendered 3D OCTA assessment of macular ischemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and without diabetic retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Borrelli ◽  
Domenico Grosso ◽  
Mariacristina Parravano ◽  
Eliana Costanzo ◽  
Maria Brambati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Perfusion Density

AbstractThe aim of this study was to measure macular perfusion in patients with type 1 diabetes and no signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using volume rendered three-dimensional (3D) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). We collected data from 35 patients with diabetes and no DR who had OCTA obtained. An additional control group of 35 eyes from 35 healthy subjects was included for comparison. OCTA volume data were processed with a previously presented algorithm in order to obtain the 3D vascular volume and 3D perfusion density. In order to weigh the contribution of different plexuses’ impairment to volume rendered vascular perfusion, OCTA en face images were binarized in order to obtain two-dimensional (2D) perfusion density metrics. Mean ± SD age was 27.2 ± 10.2 years [range 19–64 years] in the diabetic group and 31.0 ± 11.4 years [range 19–61 years] in the control group (p = 0.145). The 3D vascular volume was 0.27 ± 0.05 mm3 in the diabetic group and 0.29 ± 0.04 mm3 in the control group (p = 0.020). The 3D perfusion density was 9.3 ± 1.6% and 10.3 ± 1.6% in diabetic patients and controls, respectively (p = 0.005). Using a 2D visualization, the perfusion density was lower in diabetic patients, but only at the deep vascular complex (DVC) level (38.9 ± 3.7% in diabetes and 41.0 ± 3.1% in controls, p = 0.001), while no differences were detected at the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) level (34.4 ± 3.1% and 34.3 ± 3.8% in the diabetic and healthy subjects, respectively, p = 0.899). In conclusion, eyes without signs of DR of patients with diabetes have a reduced volume rendered macular perfusion compared to control healthy eyes.

scholarly journals Oxidative lipid, protein, and DNA damage as oxidative stress markers in vascular complications of diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omur Tabak ◽  
Remise Gelisgen ◽  
Hayriye Erman ◽  
Fusun Erdenen ◽  
Cüneyt Muderrisoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of diabetic complications on oxidation of proteins, lipids, and DNA and to investigate the relationship between oxidative damage markers and clinical parameters. Methods: The study group consisted of 69 type 2 diabetic patients (20 patients without complication, 49 patients with complication) who attended internal medicine outpatient clinics of Istanbul Education and Research Hospital and 19 healthy control subjects. In serum samples of both diabetic patients and healthy subjects, 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as a marker of oxidative DNA damage, Nε-(hexanoyl)lysine (HEL) and 15-F2t-iso-prostaglandin (15-F2t-IsoP). as products of lipooxidative damage, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as markers of protein damage, and paraoxonase1 (PON1) as antioxidant were studied. Results: 15-F2t-IsoP (p < 0.005) and AOPP (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in diabetic group than control group while there were no significant differences in levels of 8-OHdG and HEL between the two groups. AOPP (p < 0.001) and 8-OHdG (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in diabetic group with complications compared to diabetic group without complications. Conclusions: Increased formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, under conditions of hyperglycaemia, is one of the probable causes for evolution of complications in diabetes mellitus. Our study supports the hypothesis that oxidant/antioxidant balance is disturbed in diabetic patients.

Temperature Biofeedback Training to Improve Peripheral Blood Flow in the Upper Extremities of Diabetic Patients

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Dean
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Temperature Biofeedback

Ten control and ten diabetic subjects were first given a baseline session of no temperature biofeedback, and then were exposed to four 40-minute temperature biofeedback sessions over consecutive days. As the result of feedback training, peripheral skin temperatures increased on the training (right) hands of both groups, and this occurred to a greater extent in the diabetic group. Concomitant temperature increases occurred also in the left hands of both groups. Neither group produced any significant changes in heart rate, respiration rate, or systolic blood pressure with the exception of a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure for the diabetic group. No difference in diastolic blood pressure was observed, however, when the diabetics were compared with the control group. The results would suggest further evaluation of temperature biofeedback training is warranted in a diabetic population as a potential means of increasing peripheral blood flow in the extremities.

scholarly journals Effect of Vitex Agnus-Castus Ethanolic Extract on Sex Hormones in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Soleymanzadeh ◽  
Minoo Mahmoodi ◽  
Siamak Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Agnus Castus

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is recognized as one of the serious global health problems. There are evidences regarding the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction in diabetic patients. Experimental studies revealed a positive effect of Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex), on sexual function and behaviors. In this research, the effect of Vitex on sexual hormones in streptozotocin-(STZ) induced diabetic rats was investigated. Materials and methods: A Thirty adult female Wistar rats were divided into five groups. 1-control group (non-diabetic), 2- diabetic group (received normal saline) and three induced diabetic groups treated with different doses (400, 200 and 100 mg/kg) of Vitex. Treatment groups received Vitex fruit extract by gavage for 7 days. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone and estrogen in serum were measured. Results: Levels of LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone and average body weight was lower in diabetic group compared to control group (p <0.010). Animals received high dose of Vitex fruit extract (400mg/kg) had significantly higher levels of serum LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone compared to diabetic group (p < 0.010). In animals receiving minimum dose (100mg/kg) of Vitex, no difference was observed compared to diabetic group (p > 0.010). Conclusion: It can be concluded that Vitex fruit extract probably has regulatory effect on diabetes-induced change in the levels of sex hormones in female rats. Vitex fruit extract can improve serum levels of sex hormones in an animal model of STZ-induced diabetes.

scholarly journals Corneal thickness and endothelial cell density in diabetic and non- diabetic patients: a hospital based comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaraj G. ◽  
Anasuya Sangaraj Desai ◽  
Nagesh Jayaram
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Endothelial Cell Density ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Specular Microscopy ◽  
The Mean

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with structural changes in corneal endothelial cells and their thickness. The present study was done to compare the endothelial cell density (ECD), central corneal thickness (CCT) and morphology in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Minto Ophthalmic hospital, BMC and RI Bangalore for a period of 20 months (October 2013 - May 2015). A total of 200 study subjects, 100 diabetics and 100 non-diabetic age matched controls were selected, and complete timed ophthalmic evaluation was performed. Specular microscopy was performed on all patients for endothelial cell count assessment and corneal thickness was measured by Pachymeter. The data was analyzed and represented using descriptive statistics. ‘t’ test was used for comparing the two groups.Results: The mean endothelial cell density in diabetic group was significantly lower (2438.73±250.23cells/mm2) compared to non-diabetic group (2599.88±168.16cells/mm2) (p<0.0001). The mean Central corneal thickness in diabetic group was significantly higher (518.40±28.13 μm) compared to control group (490.14±24.31 μm) (p<0.001). The Co-efficient of variation percentage of the diabetics was higher than the non-diabetics but this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The hexagonality percentage was significantly lower in diabetic group compared to the controls suggesting less pleomorphism in the diabetic group.Conclusions: The study concludes that the endothelial cell density was lower and central corneal thickness was higher in diabetic patients compared with the non-diabetics. The altered endothelial morphology was significantly seen in the form of pleomorphism (hexagonality) but polymegathism was not significantly altered.

scholarly journals Assessment of Corneal Endothelium among Diabetic Patients in a Multispecialty Hospital in Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soundaram Meenakshisundaram ◽  
Melina I Sahay ◽  
Damal Kandadai Sriram ◽  
Melvin George
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Corneal damage is the common issue affecting 70% of diabetic patients. Diabetic cornea has functional abnormalities such as decreased corneal Endothelial Cell Density (ECD), thicker corneas with increased endothelial permeability, lesser corneal sensitivity, and elevated corneal auto-fluorescence. Aim: To study the corneal endothelial characteristics among diabetic patients and to identify the factors associated with endothelial damage and compare the corneal changes based on the duration of diabetes mellitus and glycaemic control. Materials and Methods: The hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in 155 patients (100 diabetic and 55 control) from 24th September 2016 to 29th March 2018. The corneal endothelial morphological features were evaluated using a non-contact EM-3000 specular microscope. The morphological characteristics of endothelial cell like the ECD, Coefficient of Variation (CV), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), and percentage of hexagonal cells were compared between diabetic patients and the control population. Age, gender, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, fasting and Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) HbA1c value, blood urea, and serum creatinine, Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP) were also recorded, and the endothelial cell characteristics were compared between the diabetic groups according to the duration (< or ≥ 3 years) and HbA1c% (< or ≥ 7%). An independent t-test was performed to compare the means of endothelial characteristics between study subjects and the control group and also between duration of diabetes and HbA1C levels. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The data were analysed using a SPSS statistical program. Results: Baseline characteristics like Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), PPBS, HbA1c, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP and DBP) were significantly higher in diabetic group than control. A significant difference in corneal thickness (p=0.01) and hexagonality (p<0.001) were also observed between both the groups. The diabetic group showed a reduction in cell density and a higher coefficient variation of cell size however the differences were not statistically significant, There was no significant difference in the ECD, CCT, CV, and hexagonality irrespective to HbA1c level and duration of diabetes. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes had a significant increase in corneal thickness, and a higher frequency of pleomorphism compared to control subjects. In terms of ECD and co-efficient variation, no difference was observed between groups.

Use of Integra Dermal Regeneration Template for Limb Salvage in Diabetic Patients With No-Option Critical Limb Ischemia

2020 ◽  
pp. 153473462090574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Dalla Paola ◽  
Paolo Cimaglia ◽  
Anna Carone ◽  
Giulio Boscarino ◽  
Giuseppe Scavone
Keyword(s):  
Limb Salvage ◽  
Critical Limb Ischemia ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dermal Substitute ◽  
End Point ◽  
Dermal Regeneration Template ◽  
Dermal Regeneration

We have analyzed in a retrospective study of consecutive diabetic patients affected by no-option critical limb ischemia (CLI) the efficacy of the dermal substitute Integra Dermal Regeneration Template for treatment of complicated foot lesions. The primary end point was limb salvage and 1-year amputation-free survival. The secondary end point was healing time of surgical site. Between October 2014 and October 2017, 1024 patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and CLI were admitted. In 84 patients (8.2%), there was a failure in distal revascularization with a persistent CLI after the procedure. Despite the persistent CLI, a group of 26 patients of this cohort obtained complete wound healing. Among them, 13 patients were treated with surgical debridement or open amputations and application of dermal substitute Integra Dermal Regeneration Template and the other 13 patients were treated without any dermal substitute. The Integra group healed within a mean time of 83.5 days, and the control group healed within a mean of 139 days ( P = .028). No major amputation was carried out at 1-year follow-up in the Integra group versus 15% in the control group. A conservative foot surgery or an approach with minor amputation in diabetic patients with no-option CLI may achieve limb salvage. The use of Integra Dermal Regeneration Template in patients with DFU and no-option CLI may be a useful option in a limb salvage program.

scholarly journals A cytomorphometric analysis of the oral mucosa in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 824-833
Author(s):  
RS Lamichhane ◽  
K Boaz ◽  
S Natrajan ◽  
M Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Nuclear Area ◽  
Cytoplasmic Area ◽  
Cellular Area ◽  
Nuclear Alterations

Background:  Although many of the pathological conditions of oral mucosa are clinically distinguishable, most lesions require a definitive diagnosis. This article tried the use of exfoliative cytology as an alternative tool in the screening, diagnosis and follow-up of diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods: After rinsing the mouth with normal saline, slides were prepared from buccal mucosa and dorsum of tongue and fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. The slides were stained with Papanicolaou stain and Acridine orange. Fifty clearly defined cells in each slide were visualized under light microscope for cytomorphometric analysis of cells using Image J software and under fluorescence microscope for assessment of nuclear alterations like micronuclei, nuclear budding, binucleation, multinucleation and karyorrhexis.Results: Statistically significant increase in Nuclear area BM (p = 0.000057), Nuclear Area Tongue (p= 0.0000113), total Nuclear Area (p= 000079), Cellular Area BM (p= 0.0475), Cellular Area Tongue (p= 0.0105), Total Cellular Area (p= 0.00496), Cytoplasmic Area Tongue (p= 0.00358), Total Cytoplasmic Area (p= 0.00268) were obtained from epithelial cells in the diabetic group when compared with the control group. Also the epithelial cells from the diabetic group showed features such as nuclear budding, micronuclei, binucleation, karyorrhexis and perinuclear halo. Conclusion:  The objective demonstration of cytomorphometric and nuclear alterations by the oral exfoliated cells indicate the presence of cytological changes in the oral mucosa of diabetic patients despite the apparently normal clinical appearance. Hence, cytomorphometric analysis would aid the health professional as an additional non-invasive tool for the screening and monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Corneal Endothelium in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Urban ◽  
Dorota Raczyńska ◽  
Alina Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk ◽  
Krystyna Raczyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Krętowska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To evaluate the systemic and local factors that contribute to the damage of endothelial cells in diabetic patients and to compare the endothelial structure of the cornea in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.Materials and Methods. The endothelial cell density (ECD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were investigated in 123 eyes of type 1 diabetic patients and in 124 eyes of nondiabetic patients. The mean diabetic patients age was 15.34 ± 3.06 years versus 14.58 ± 2.01 years in the control group. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.02 ± 3.9 years. The corneal endothelium was imaged by the Topcon SP-2000P.Results. The mean ECD in diabetic eyes was 2435.55 ± 443.43 cells/mm2and was significantly lower than in control group (2970.75 ± 270.1 cells/mm2). The mean CCT was 0.55 ± 0.03 mm in diabetic group versus 0.53 ± 0.033 mm in control group. ECD and CCT significantly correlated only with duration of diabetes. There was no correlation between ECD and CCT and patient age, sex, HbA1C level, and plasma creatinine level.Conclusions. ECD is decreased and CCT is increased in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus. Duration of diabetes is the factor that affects ECD and CCT.

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