scholarly journals Molecular Phylogeny of Endophytic Fungi from Rattan (Calamus castaneus Griff.) Spines and Their Antagonistic Activities against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Nurul Farizah Azuddin ◽  
Masratul Hawa Mohd ◽  
Nik Fadzly N. Rosely ◽  
Asyraf Mansor ◽  
Latiffah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Rattan Palm

Calamus castaneus is a common rattan palm species in the tropical forests of Peninsular Malaysia and is noticeable by the yellow-based spines that cover the stems. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fungal endophytes within C. castaneus spines and whether they inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens. Twenty-one genera with 40 species of fungal endophytes were isolated and identified from rattan palm spines. Based on molecular identification, the most common isolates recovered from the spines were Colletotrichum (n = 19) and Diaporthe spp. (n = 18), followed by Phyllosticta spp., Xylaria sp., Trichoderma spp., Helminthosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Neopestalotiopsis spp., Arthrinium sp., Cyphellophora sp., Cladosporium spp., Curvularia sp., Bionectria sp., and Acremonium spp. Non-sporulating fungi were also identified, namely Nemania primolutea, Pidoplitchkoviella terricola, Muyocopron laterale, Acrocalymma fici, Acrocalymma medicaginis, and Endomelanconiopsis endophytica. The isolation of these endophytes showed that the spines harbor endophytic fungi. Most of the fungal endophytes inhibited the growth of several plant pathogenic fungi, with 68% of the interactions resulting in mutual inhibition, producing a clear inhibition zone of <2 mm. Our findings demonstrate the potential of the fungal endophytes from C. castaneus spines as biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals Test Antifungal Phatogen Extract Secondary Metabolites Of Endophytic Fungi Raru Plant (Cotylelobium melanoxylon)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
Riwayati Riwayati ◽  
Idramsa Idramsa
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Paper Disc

This study aims to determine the ability of extracts  secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi raru plant Siarang (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi. Pathogenic fungi tested were Collectotrichum, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans and Sclerotium rolfsii. Test antifungal pathogens carried out by using the method of Kirby-Bour, ie by measuring the clear zone located around the paper disc which is the zone of growth inhibition of pathogenic fungi. Measurement of inhibition zone is done by using a caliper or ruler. The results showed that the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi extracts could inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungus Candida albicans is the clear zone of 10.23 mm. Keywords : endophytic fungus, Cotylelobium melanoxylon, extract of secondary metabolites, fungal pathogens, inhibition zone

scholarly journals Diversity Estimation and Antimicrobial Activity of Culturable Endophytic Fungi from Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. in China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wu ◽  
Dingchao Yang ◽  
Linping Zhang ◽  
Yanliu Chen ◽  
Xiaokang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Potential Use

Endophytes are important components of forest ecosystems, and have potential use in the development of medical drugs and the conservation of wild medicinal plants. This study aimed to examine the diversity and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi from a medicinal plant, Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. The results showed that a total of 970 isolates were obtained from root, stem, leaf, and fruit segments of L. cubeba. All the fungal endophytes belonged to the phylum Ascomycota and could be classified into three taxonomic classes, nine orders, twelve families, and seventeen genera. SF15 (Colletotrichum boninense) was the dominant species in L. cubeba. Leaves harbored a greater number of fungal endophytes but lower diversity, while roots harbored the maximum species diversity of endophytic fungi. For the antimicrobial activities, seventeen isolates could inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi, while the extracts of six endophytes showed antimicrobial activity to all the tested pathogenic fungi. Among these endophytes, SF22 (Chaetomium globosum) and SF14 (Penicillium minioluteum) were particularly effective in inhibiting seven plant pathogenic fungi growths and could be further explored for their potential use in biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.

Use of fungal endophytes to increase cucurbit plant performance by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Freeman ◽  
Russell Rodriguez ◽  
Adel Al-Abed ◽  
Roni Cohen ◽  
David Ezra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Desert Areas

Major threats to agricultural sustainability in the 21st century are drought, increasing temperatures, soil salinity and soilborne pathogens, all of which are being exacerbated by climate change and pesticide abolition and are burning issues related to agriculture in the Middle East. We have found that Class 2 fungal endophytes adapt native plants to environmental stresses (drought, heat and salt) in a habitat-specific manner, and that these endophytes can confer stress tolerance to genetically distant monocot and eudicot hosts. In the past, we generated a uv non-pathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna (path-1) that colonized cucurbits, induced drought tolerance and enhanced growth, and protected 85% - 100% against disease caused by certain pathogenic fungi. We propose: 1) utilizing path-1 and additional endophtyic microorganisms to be isolated from stress-tolerant local, wild cucurbit watermelon, Citrulluscolocynthis, growing in the Dead Sea and Arava desert areas, 2) generate abiotic and biotic tolerant melon crop plants, colonized by the isolated endophytes, to increase crop yields under extreme environmental conditions such as salinity, heat and drought stress, 3) manage soilborne fungal pathogens affecting curubit crop species growing in the desert areas. This is a unique and novel "systems" approach that has the potential to utilize natural plant adaptation for agricultural development. We envisage that endophyte-colonized melons will eventually be used to overcome damages caused by soilborne diseases and also for cultivation of this crop, under stress conditions, utilizing treated waste water, thus dealing with the limited resource of fresh water.

scholarly journals Dissecting Disease-Suppressive Rhizosphere Microbiomes by Functional Amplicon Sequencing and 10× Metagenomics

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Tracanna ◽  
Adam Ossowicki ◽  
Marloes L. C. Petrus ◽  
Sam Overduin ◽  
Barbara R. Terlouw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Wide Range

Soil-borne plant-pathogenic fungi continue to be a major threat to agriculture and horticulture. The genus Fusarium in particular is one of the most devastating groups of soilborne fungal pathogens for a wide range of crops.

scholarly journals Inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi by endophytic Trichoderma spp. through mycoparasitism and volatile organic compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 126595
Author(s):  
P. Rajani ◽  
C. Rajasekaran ◽  
M.M. Vasanthakumari ◽  
Shannon B. Olsson ◽  
G. Ravikanth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from some medicinal plants of Biligirirangana hill, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1286-1290
Author(s):  
Sushma K.S ◽  
Jayashankar M. ◽  
Mohammed Ali Saeed ◽  
Vinu A.K.
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Positive Results

Twenty fungal endophytes were isolated from different medicinal plants of Biligirirangana Hill, Chamarajanagar dist. Phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate extract showed positive results for tanins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins and alkaloids except saponin and flavonoid tests. The crude extracts of the fungal endophytes were tested against two gram positive and two gramnegetive bacteria for its antibacterial activity. The highest zone of inhibition was produced by Fusarium sps (AB9)35mm. All the crude extracts were found to be effective against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus rather in Pseudomonas aerogenosa. Among them the highest inhibition zone was produced in Penicillium sp (AB11) 24mm, Cladosporium sp(AB3) 21mm, and Aspergillus sp(AB12) 30mm. Therefore, endophytic fungi can be a good source to inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens.  

scholarly journals Trends in Nanotechnology and Its Potentialities to Control Plant Pathogenic Fungi: A Review

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Bashir Kutawa ◽  
Khairulmazmi Ahmad ◽  
Asgar Ali ◽  
Mohd Zobir Hussein ◽  
Mohd Aswad Abdul Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles

Approximately 15–18% of crops losses occur as a result of animal pests, while weeds and microbial diseases cause 34 and 16% losses, respectively. Fungal pathogens cause about 70–80% losses in yield. The present strategies for plant disease control depend transcendently on agrochemicals that cause negative effects on the environment and humans. Nanotechnology can help by reducing the negative impact of the fungicides, such as enhancing the solubility of low water-soluble fungicides, increasing the shelf-life, and reducing toxicity, in a sustainable and eco-friendly manner. Despite many advantages of the utilization of nanoparticles, very few nanoparticle-based products have so far been produced in commercial quantities for agricultural purposes. The shortage of commercial uses may be associated with many factors, for example, a lack of pest crop host systems usage and the insufficient number of field trials. In some areas, nanotechnology has been advanced, and the best way to be in touch with the advances in nanotechnology in agriculture is to understand the major aspect of the research and to address the scientific gaps in order to facilitate the development which can provide a rationale of different nanoproducts in commercial quantity. In this review, we, therefore, described the properties and synthesis of nanoparticles, their utilization for plant pathogenic fungal disease control (either in the form of (a) nanoparticles alone, that act as a protectant or (b) in the form of a nanocarrier for different fungicides), nano-formulations of agro-nanofungicides, Zataria multiflora, and ginger essential oils to control plant pathogenic fungi, as well as the biosafety and limitations of the nanoparticles applications.

Inhibition of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi by a Corn Trypsin Inhibitor Overexpressed in Escherichia coli

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1320-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yuan Chen ◽  
Robert L. Brown ◽  
Alan R. Lax ◽  
Thomas E. Cleveland ◽  
John S. Russin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Conidium Germination

ABSTRACT The cDNA of a 14-kDa trypsin inhibitor (TI) from corn was subcloned into an Escherichia coli overexpression vector. The overexpressed TI was purified based on its insolubility in urea and then refolded into the active form in vitro. This recombinant TI inhibited both conidium germination and hyphal growth of all nine plant pathogenic fungi studied, including Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus parasiticus, and Fusarium moniliforme. The calculated 50% inhibitory concentration of TI for conidium germination ranged from 70 to more than 300 μg/ml, and that for fungal growth ranged from 33 to 124 μg/ml depending on the fungal species. It also inhibited A. flavus and F. moniliforme simultaneously when they were tested together. The results suggest that the corn 14-kDa TI may function in host resistance against a variety of fungal pathogens of crops.

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